Journal of building engineering最新文献

{"title":"Energy consumption prediction for office buildings: Performance evaluation and application of ensemble machine learning techniques","authors":"Chao Ma ,&nbsp;Song Pan ,&nbsp;Tong Cui ,&nbsp;Yiqiao Liu ,&nbsp;Ying Cui ,&nbsp;Haoyu Wang ,&nbsp;Taocheng Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate forecasting and evaluation of building energy consumption are paramount for enhancing energy efficiency, reducing operational costs, and mitigating environmental impacts. Effective energy management relies on precise predictions to inform decision-making and optimize resource allocation. Although promising predictive capabilities have been demonstrated by ensemble models in this domain, their practical application is often hindered by prolonged training times and high computational demands. To address these issues, a novel ensemble modeling strategy was developed herein, incorporating the Adaptive Gradient Boosting Regression (AGBR) algorithm. The AGBR model was built with a two-layer structure and iterative residual modeling, incorporating adaptive early stopping mechanisms and gradient-regulated learning rates. These innovations improve training efficiency and predictive accuracy by enabling dynamic adjustments based on validation errors. Furthermore, Kernel Principal Component Analysis (Kernel PCA) was utilized for feature reduction within an explainable ensemble model framework, thereby facilitating accurate predictions of office building energy consumption. This methodology not only identifies the most influential feature variables but also evaluates their relative importance by revealing underlying nonlinear relationships that may be overlooked by traditional linear methods. The proposed model was validated using data from an office building in Beijing Province, achieving a remarkable 73.91 % reduction in training time and a 3.13 % improvement in predictive accuracy compared to standard Gradient Boosting models. Additionally, the stability of predictions was significantly enhanced, as evidenced by a 62.28 % reduction in Mean Absolute Error (MAE). These findings demonstrate the potential of the proposed model to enhance building energy management and optimize performance effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 112021"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of the repair measures for reinforced concrete affected by chloride ion corrosion","authors":"Penglong Zhao ,&nbsp;Zheng Si ,&nbsp;Lingzhi Huang ,&nbsp;Yanlan He ,&nbsp;Xiaorui Liu ,&nbsp;Yulong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chloride ion corrosion significantly impacts concrete structures and will lead to the loss of structural load-bearing capacity and service life. This article starts with the corrosion mechanism of chloride on reinforced concrete and reviews and researches the repair measures of reinforced concrete affected by chloride ion corrosion. Based on the mechanism of action and operating characteristics, this article divides repair measures into direct repair and electrochemical repair; according to the different degrees of structural damage, the corresponding direct repair measures are divided into crack repair and structural repair. Repair methods using anti-corrosion materials have additional advantages, such as flexible sealing, epoxy resin filling, etc. It should be noted that all the direct repair methods mentioned above have considerable applicability in general construction projects. The structural repair focuses on the additional reinforcement method and summarizes the additional reinforcement process for reinforced concrete damaged by corrosion. Ignoring chlorine removal and sacrificial anode protection measures, this process is also considered a general procedure for construction engineering. For repair materials, polymer cement concrete exhibits excellent resistance to chloride salt erosion, but is easily affected by temperature changes. Fiber-reinforced concrete has strong mechanical and corrosion resistance. Among which textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) is best, and the strength benefits are also quite prominent. Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is extremely resistant to corrosion and has other high-strength benefits, making it an ideal repair material for key parts of structures such as bridges and tunnels. For electrochemical extraction (ECE), titanium platinum is the optimal anode material and lithium-based electrolyte is considered the optimal electrolyte, with a recommended current density of 0.5–1.0A/m². Bidirectional electromigration (BIEM) can introduce corrosion inhibitors on the surfaces of concrete and steel bars while extracting chloride salts. Triethylenetetramine has the best comprehensive repair effect, but the 28-day repair efficiency is relatively low. Electrochemical deposition treatment (EDT) can repair small cracks, and the repair effect of MgSO₄ in conventional electrolytes is the best, with the highest economic benefits after 28 days. Pulse current can greatly improve repair efficiency, and the optimal pulse power is T_on/T_off = 0.8 ms/0.8 ms. However, for wide cracks, a combination of direct repair and electrochemical repair can achieve the best results. This article can serve as a guide for repairing reinforced concrete in an environment corroded by chloride ions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 112028"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and properties of lightweight concrete based on core-shell cold-bonded lightweight aggregate using epoxy resin as interfacial enhancer","authors":"Zhenyu Huang ,&nbsp;Yu Zhou ,&nbsp;Lijie Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the escalating shortage of construction materials and natural aggregate production, the present study aims to produce lightweight concrete (LWC) utilizing a novel artificial core-shell cold-bonded lightweight aggregate (CCLA). The newly developed CCLAs employ an expanded polystyrene (EPS) waste core encapsulated by a cementitious shell, leveraging epoxy resin as interfacial enhancer for reducing EPS exposure ratio from 96.5 % to 0 %. Systematic investigations elucidate the influence of key manufacturing parameters, such as the disc pelletizer's inclination angle, rotation speed, and curing conditions, on the quality of CCLAs. Furthermore, the study explores the use of limestone calcined clay cement, steel slag and ground granulated blast furnace slag as shell materials for optimizing the shell composite with maximal performance. Comprehensive assessments of the resulting CCLA-based LWC (CCLA-LWC) cover fundamental properties, including compressive, splitting, and flexural strengths, alongside a detailed constitutive model under uniaxial compression. Comparisons with existing technologies affirm the superiority of using epoxy resin as an interfacial enhancer for the developed CCLAs, particularly in terms of density, strength, and specific strength. The lightweight aggregate concrete CCLA-LWC developed in this study has the superior comprehensive performance compared to those core-shell lightweight aggregate concretes in existing literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 112029"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical properties and pore structure characterization of crumb rubber concrete using equal size replacement method","authors":"Wenmei Zhou ,&nbsp;Chen Lu ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Yu ,&nbsp;Jinxu Mo","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimizing the method of replacing natural river sand with crumb rubber (CR) can help mitigate strength loss in crumb rubber concrete (CRC). However, the effect of replacement ratio and water to binder ratio (W/B) on CRC microstructure and strength after adopting the new replacement method has not been reported. This study investigates the effects of the W/B and the CR substitution rate on the apparent density, compressive strength, and splitting tensile strength of hardened CRC using an equal-size substitution method. The microstructure and pore characteristics of each mixture were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). Additionally, the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between CR and mortar was observed in situ using X-ray computed tomography (X-CT). The results of the study show that CRC exhibits higher strength after equal size interval substitution. Lowering the W/B ratio helps to reduce the rate of loss of strength. A correlation between apparent density and strength changes was established. At a W/B ratio of 0.3, incorporating 5 % CR improved the splitting-tensile strength, but this strength decreased with higher substitution rates and W/B ratios. Cumulative pore volume and porosity increased with higher substitution rates, with the most significant rise at a W/B ratio of 0.5. The micro-morphology became progressively looser with higher W/B ratios, and the number of pores increased. X-CT measurements showed the ITZ width ranged from 43.0 to 67.7 μm, with large voids often surrounding the CR particles, which likely contributes to the reduction in apparent density and strength. The results provide valuable insights and recommendations for designing CRC mixtures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 112026"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143348741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progressive collapse resistance of planar prestressed concrete frame with infill walls under corner column failure scenario","authors":"Tao Qu ,&nbsp;Bin Zeng ,&nbsp;Chang Wu ,&nbsp;Linjie Huang ,&nbsp;Jing Wu ,&nbsp;Dong Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infill wall is an important component of the structure. Prestressing is frequently employed in concrete structures to mitigate cracking and deformation. Frames containing both are referred to as prestressed concrete with infill walls (IW-PC) frames, which are employed extensively in civil engineering. Nevertheless, the coupling effect of prestressed tendons and infill walls on the capacity to resist progressive collapse remains uncertain. Furthermore, middle column failure is typically regarded as a potential scenario for progressive collapse. However, in practice, accidental loads such as explosions and impacts are highly probable to act on the corner column. The consequences of corner column failure may be more serious. Therefore, this paper took the IW-PC frame as the research object and adopted the static Pushdown method to investigate its progressive collapse resistance under corner column failure. Based on the beam axial force, the progressive collapse of frames can be categorized into the flexural action (FA) stage, compressive arch action (CAA) stage, mixed action (MA) stage, and catenary action (CA) stage. The effects of infill wall strength, infill wall arrangement, prestressed tendon initial tension, and prestressed tendon area on the progressive collapse resistance of IW-PC frames were revealed by parametric analysis. The results showed that the infill wall and prestressed tendon could improve the progressive collapse resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 112035"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on the mechanical properties of eco-friendly low-cost polyethylene fiber-reinforced engineered cementitious composites","authors":"Mingzheng Zhu ,&nbsp;Mingzhe Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiangrui Meng ,&nbsp;Bing Chen ,&nbsp;Lei Lang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For several decades, there has been a growing concern about sustainability in the construction industry. The excellent mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composite (ECC) make it an important building material that improves the durability, crack resistance and overall performance of structures. However, the high cost and environmental impact issues associated with conventional ECC limit its wide application in engineering. In this study, ECC was prepared by partially replacing cement with industrial wastes, replacing imported fibers with local low-cost polyethylene (PE) fibers, and replacing micro-silica sand with river sand. The effects of fly ash content, slag content, and river sand particle size on the mechanical properties of PE-ECC were systematically analyzed. The study showed that the mixture using 70 % of industrial solid waste instead of cement achieved a tensile strain capacity of 7.35 % and a compressive strength of 70.9 MPa. Also, the densities of all mixtures were below 1.85 g/cm³, which belong to lightweight concrete. Notably, the eco-friendly PE-ECC showed a 40–50 % reduction in energy consumption, CO₂ emission and cost compared to conventional ECC. This study promotes the greening and low-costing of ECC, which is conducive to the goal of sustainable development in the construction industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 112017"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating salt-freeze damage in concrete and mortar: Interfacial transition zone vulnerability and non-destructive estimation of mechanical degradation","authors":"Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Xunjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Sha Xie ,&nbsp;Zhang Li ,&nbsp;Jiaxu Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the degradation mechanisms of concrete and mortar exposed to sodium chloride attack and freeze-thaw cycles. A comprehensive experimental program has been conducted, including mechanical testing (flexural, splitting, and compressive strength), chloride penetration analysis, and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) tests to examine pore structure changes. The results demonstrated that concrete suffered significant reductions in mechanical strength after repeated salt-freeze cycles, with flexural and splitting tensile strengths decreasing by 35.33 % and 37.95 %, respectively, after 75 cycles. Chloride ions penetrated deeper into the concrete matrix compared to mortar. The interfacial transition zone ITZ was found to be susceptible to chloride ion ingress, leading to accelerated degradation. A novel salt frost damage index was introduced that enhanced the accuracy of damage quantification by incorporating corrections for unsaturated conditions. A predictive model was developed based on salt frost damage index. This model enables the non-destructive assessment of concrete's mechanical performance and provides a reliable tool for evaluating the mechanical degradation under after-freeze damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 112016"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143348743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrothermal synthesis of C–S–H/cellulose nanocomposites and its enhancement effect on the mechanical performance of cement-based materials","authors":"Hong Zhou ,&nbsp;Shuzhen Zheng ,&nbsp;Huina Li ,&nbsp;Qianping Ran ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Calcium silicate hydrates (C–S–H) is the primary product of cement hydration, and its structure and properties substantially influence the mechanical performance of cement-based materials. However, in practical applications, pure C–S–H has some shortcomings, such as susceptibility to microcracking and high porosity, which can reduce the durability and overall mechanical performance. To solve these problems, two different sizes of cellulose (microcrystalline cellulose nanoparticles and carboxylated cellulose nanofibers) were used to modify C–S–H nanocomposites, which were synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis. The characterization of the composites was analyzed in detail using methods such as TEM, FT-IR, and TGA. The results of these methods showed that cellulose was uniformly dispersed in the C–S–H matrix on the nanoscale, which formed an interwoven mesh structure. The mechanical properties of the cement paste were tested, including flexural strength and compressive strength. In addition, the cement paste containing the nanocomposites was analyzed by SEM, XRD and hydration heat tests. The results of these tests showed that the seed effect of C–S–H and the effective bridging effect of needle-like cellulose crystals on crack extension significantly improved their mechanical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 112014"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143360798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of innovative steel beam-to-column joint under impact loading to mitigate progressive collapse","authors":"Damian Kukla ,&nbsp;Aleksander Kozłowski ,&nbsp;Bartosz Miller ,&nbsp;Dominika Ziaja ,&nbsp;Izabela Wójcik-Grząba ,&nbsp;Sylwia Gubernat","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The structural response of two steel substructures in a beam-column-beam arrangement under accidental loads was studied in the experimental impact tests. Both versions of the bolted joint, the classic flush end-plate and the innovative one were tested with the same impact energy level applied by dropping the free-falling steel-concrete package. Special measuring equipment dedicated to dynamic investigations was used. The main aim of the tests was to examine the strains and deformations in order to determine dynamic parameters in steel members and bolts. The strain rate and the dynamic impact factor (DIF) were calculated based on the experimental test results. Johnson-Cook, Cowper-Symonds and Malvar-Crawford models were used to determine the DIF. The comparison and discussion of results for both specimens are presented in the paper. The results show that steel bolted flush end-plate joints and innovative joints exhibit high structural ductility under impact loads. The resistance of the flush end-plate joint is limited by the fracture of the bolts. In comparison, the resistance of the innovative joint was not reached during the tests, which indicates significant reserves of the load capacity in this type of joint.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 112018"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143348328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recycled filtered contaminants from liquid-fed pyrolysis as novel building composite material","authors":"Alessia Romani ,&nbsp;Daniel Kulas ,&nbsp;Joseph Curro ,&nbsp;David R. Shonnard ,&nbsp;Joshua M. Pearce","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liquid-fed pyrolysis allows the conversion of contaminated postconsumer plastic waste into valuable resources, removing contaminants through wax dissolution and filtration. One of the main challenges is currently represented by the management of its main byproduct, the contaminant-rich retentate from the filtration process. New circular economy strategies are needed to use this waste plastic-based composite as secondary raw materials. Despite the increasing trend in using plastic and plastic-waste composites for the building sector, there are currently limited applications of industrial recycling waste as engineering construction materials, e.g., from pyrolysis. This study evaluates the suitability of contaminant-rich retentate from liquid-fed pyrolysis of postconsumer multilayer packaging waste as novel composite materials for the building sector, taking advantage of its intrinsic composite nature. Thermogravimetric analysis was conducted to assess the composition of the retentate from filtration, a mixture of wax, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and aluminum. The compressive mechanical properties and densities were then evaluated on samples obtained through hot compression molding, using two batches to assess possible anisotropic behavior from the manufacturing process or the aluminum part orientation. The results indicate the suitability of the waste composite material for the building sector, reaching compression strengths (10–12 MPa) superior to construction bricks and brickworks (7 MPa), as well as 57 % lower density, 0.77 g/cm³. The ductile fracture behavior indicates its potential use for applications requiring failure prediction and safety constraints. This high strength-to-weight ratio composite represents a valuable alternative to virgin materials, showing potential for structural and aesthetic applications, including lightweight bricks, interior textured panels, decorative facades, and customized pavement tiles and slabs. Hot compression molding of pyrolysis waste composite paves the way for the real use of plastic-based composites from mixed and contaminated industrial waste in the building sector, contrasting resource depletion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 112025"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}