Journal of building engineering最新文献

{"title":"Chloride diffusion in green mortars blended with recycled brick powder","authors":"Gaofeng Chen ,&nbsp;Jianming Gao ,&nbsp;Cheng Liu ,&nbsp;Huixia Wu ,&nbsp;Zhaoheng Guo ,&nbsp;Yasong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on green mortars blended with recycled brick powder (RBP). The effects of RBP dosage and water-to-binder (w/b) ratio on the chloride diffusion in green mortars have been investigated by testing free and total chloride content, chloride migration characteristics, water absorption performance, pore structure, hydration products, and phase distributions. Key findings demonstrate that incorporating 30 % RBP increases the maximum free chloride content by 10.7 % and chloride diffusion coefficient by 14.8 % at 360-d exposure, while w/b ratio optimization proves effective in counteracting RBP's adverse impacts on chloride diffusion. Furthermore, water absorption analysis confirms the significant role of capillary pores in chloride diffusion process. The addition of RBP elevates total porosity by 25.2–52.2 % relative to the control mortar B0. Notably, the chloride diffusion coefficient demonstrates a stronger linear relationship with transitional pore porosity (R² = 0.964) than with capillary pore porosity (R² = 0.853). Microstructural analysis reveals that RBP incorporation weakens interfacial transition zone (ITZ) integrity and results in more defects and pores. However, w/b ratio reduction enables microstructural densification, thereby effectively slowing down chloride diffusion in RBP-blended mortars. These findings provide critical insights for RBP utilization in sustainable building materials for chloride-rich environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 113245"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating impact sound insulation in cross-laminated timber (CLT)-concrete composite floors with embedded mechanical fastening: Experimental analysis and statistical energy analysis","authors":"Yingwei Bao ,&nbsp;Kong Yue ,&nbsp;Changlu Dai ,&nbsp;Peng Wu ,&nbsp;Weidong Lu ,&nbsp;Hui Zhao ,&nbsp;Quan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CLT-concrete composite (CCC) floors are increasingly used in modern timber buildings for their superior strength and fire resistance over traditional cross-laminated timber (CLT) floors. However, their impact sound insulation remains problematic, potentially causing noise-related disputes. To investigate the impact sound insulation performance of CCC floors with varying structural design parameters and floating constructions, this study conducted laboratory tests on twelve full-scale floors. Impact sound insulation class was determined using single number indexes, primarily the normalized impact sound pressure level (<em>L</em>_{<em>n</em>,<em>w</em>}). The test results indicated that structural design parameters showed minor influence on the impact sound insulation performance of CCC floors (Δ<em>L</em>_<em>w</em> ≤10 dB), while floating constructions significantly enhanced the impact sound insulation performance (Δ<em>L</em>_<em>w</em> ≥21 dB). In contrast, a 31-mm-thick floating construction achieved an <em>L</em>_{<em>n</em>,<em>w</em>} value of 59.0 dB, elevating the impact sound insulation class to Level 4—outperforming previously reported results. Furthermore, a simplified statistical energy analysis (SEA) model was developed for the CCC floor system with a floating floor. The predicted <em>L</em>_{<em>n</em>,<em>w</em>} values aligned well with the test results, with errors below 6 dB. This study provides a research foundation for the design of sound insulation solutions and performance prediction of CCC floor systems in practical engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 113216"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of heat-treated flue gas desulfurization gypsum on the setting time of stabilized mortars: An experimental study","authors":"Fernanda De Marco Cerato,&nbsp;Janaíde Cavalcante Rocha","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ready-mixed mortars are stabilized products formulated for to prolong the induction time necessary to achieve an application time for to 72 h. The high stabilizer additive content required to increase the setting time negatively affects the rheological properties and mechanical performance of these mortars. In this study, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum was evaluated as a setting-time control agent to reduce the amount of additive required to achieve longer setting times when added to stabilized mortars. Three heat treatments were applied to obtain dihydrate, hemihydrate, and anhydrite (50 °C for 48 h, 150 °C for 4 h, and 650 °C for 4 h, respectively). The effects of adding 15 % FGD and 0.5 % hydration-stabilizing additive to Portland cement pastes were evaluated based on their rheological properties and hydration kinetics. The fresh and hardened properties of mortars stabilized with FGD contents of 0 %, 2.5 %, and 15 % were characterized, and their mechanical performances were evaluated with stabilizing additive contents of 0.3 % and 0.6 %. FGD gypsum increased the setting time, decreased the maximum heat release peaks, and reduced the hydration degree compared with Portland cement paste, suggesting a slower hydration reaction. This trend, observed in both pastes and mortars, reduced the demand for stabilizing additives, which is essential for their proper use in ready-mixed mortars. Furthermore, the mechanical performance of the mortar improved with the addition of FGD gypsum. Taken together, these results highlight the potential of FGD gypsum as a promising regulator of the hydration kinetics in cementitious systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 113240"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the reactivity of mixed recycled aggregate powder and kaolin via mechanochemical activation: synergistic effects of co-milling and impacts on cement hydration","authors":"Jingwen Liu ,&nbsp;Pieter Rauwoens ,&nbsp;Özlem Cizer","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using construction and demolition waste (C&amp;DW) as an alternative supplementary cementitious material (SCM) is a promising option both for the upcycling of C&amp;DW and decarbonation of cement industry. Mixed recycled aggregate (MRA) is a processed C&amp;DW recycled product with a high potential for large-scale applications as an SCM when processed into powder. However, its relatively low reactivity remains a major technical challenge. This study investigates the effectiveness of beneficiating MRA powder through mechanochemical activation with kaolin and evaluates its performance as an SCM in cement. By leveraging MRA powder’s quartz/feldspar particles as natural milling aids, the co-milling process simultaneously enhances kaolinite amorphization, prevents particle agglomeration and modifies calcite in MRA powder, resulting in a highly reactive material that matches fly ash reactivity with only 14 % kaolinite content. When blended with cement, the milled MRA-kaolin enhances early age hydration, stabilizes ettringite by forming AFm-CO₃ phases, increasing the Ca/Al ratio in C-A-S-H by providing additional calcium and carbonate source and refines the pore structure. Unlike milled kaolin clay, co-milled MRA-kaolin improves strength at both early and late ages at a 25 % replacement level. These results provide fundamental insights into the activation mechanisms of kaolin with MRA powder and establish this approach as a promising strategy for developing new SCMs for sustainable concrete applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 113226"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a temperature rising inhibitor on the hydration kinetics of white cement pastes containing slag at different temperatures","authors":"Siyi Li ,&nbsp;Zengqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Weijie Du ,&nbsp;Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Shanliang Ma ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Liu ,&nbsp;Fanghui Han","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study systematically investigates the effects of a starch-based thermal rise inhibitor (TRI) on the hydration kinetics of white cement-slag blended pastes under 23 °C, 40 °C, and 60 °C conditions, aiming to address thermal cracking issues in mass concrete caused by hydration heat. The hydration exothermic process was monitored by isothermal calorimetry, while microstructural evolution and hydration products were analysed using MIP, TGA/DTG, and BSE-IA. The results demonstrate that TRI significantly reduces the exothermic rate at the main hydration peak and delays its occurrence. Based on reaction kinetic analysis, this behavior is speculated to originate from TRI adsorption onto cementitious surfaces, which inhibits C-S-H growth, with an enhanced inhibitory effect at elevated temperatures. The incorporation of slag synergizes with TRI to regulate the hydration kinetics via both dilution effects and pozzolanic reaction. TRI preferentially modulates early-stage hydration kinetics by reducing reaction rates in NG and induction I stages, while exerting negligible effects on the D stage. Additionally, TRI modifies pore distribution by facilitating transitions of multiple harmful pores rather than uniformly reducing the quantity. Although TRI slows the precipitation of early-stage C-S-H and ettringite, the retarding effect of TRI decreases progressively as hydration progresses. BSE-IA confirmed that TRI significantly retarded early hydration, increasing sample porosity and the proportion of unreacted phases in slag-blended systems. In conclusion, the above findings establish an adsorption-mediated modulation mechanism of TRI on white cement-slag composite binder, which provides a theoretical framework for mitigation of thermal cracking in mass WPC concrete.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 113196"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toughened and self-healing carbon nanotube/epoxy resin composites modified with polycaprolactone filler for coatings, adhesives and FRP","authors":"Guijun Xian ,&nbsp;Xiao Qi ,&nbsp;Jiajun Shi ,&nbsp;Jingwei Tian ,&nbsp;HuiGang Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aiming at the durability problem caused by micro-crack damage in polymer under complex load and hygrothermal conditions, an epoxy resin matrix composite with self-repair function was developed. The multi-damage self-healing function of epoxy resin can be realized by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforcement and polycaprolactone (PCL) toughening. Based on 0.5 wt% CNTs addition, epoxy resin systems with different PCL fillers (1/5/10/15 wt%) were successfully prepared. Through the comparison of thermal and mechanical properties, the optimum formula was obtained as the epoxy resin with CNTs and 5 wt% PCL composite (EPCP5). Furthermore, the tensile strength and elongation at break of EPCP5 increased by 25.4 % and 42.3 %, respectively, compared to the control sample. This improvement was attributed to the formation of hydrogen bonds between PCL and the epoxy resin, enhancing intermolecular forces. The difference in glass transition temperature for samples with varying PCL content was minimal (less than 3.8 %), indicating excellent thermal compatibility between the PCL/CNTs fillers and the resin matrix. Before damage, the tensile and flexural strengths of EPCP5 were 47.28 MPa and 116.35 MPa, respectively. Compared with one cycle for 40 % prefabricated damage, the tensile and flexural strengths of EPCP5 increased by 15.8 % and 25.1 %, 17.4 % and 25.3 % after second and three repair cycles, demonstrating the significant self-healing effect. Under 40 % and 60 % prefabrication loads, the self-healing efficiency of EPCP5 for tensile and flexural strengths reached up to 116.1 % after the third repair cycle. This was because the PCL melt filled and bridged the damaged area, effectively healing and reinforcing the micro-cracks. Noticed, after damage repairing, the micro-morphology showed that the 2–4 μm through cracks in the resin matrix were well healed. Furthermore, the infrared spectrum of EPCP5 showed a combination of the individual spectra of CNTs, PCL, and the resin, which indicated that physical interactions played a major role between the components. Therefore, the low-melting-point PCL effectively filled and bridged the damaged areas during the self-healing process, providing rapid and efficient repair with high responsiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 113207"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of low-carbon binders from ground granulated blast furnace slag activated by red mud, phosphogypsum, and calcium carbide slag: Mechanical and hydration properties","authors":"Han Sun,&nbsp;Mingxing Xie,&nbsp;Liangtian Jia,&nbsp;Xiaowei Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geopolymers can replace traditional cement-based materials and support the development of eco-friendly materials. In this study, geopolymers were developed using three underutilised industrial wastes as activators: red mud (RM), calcium carbide slag (CS), and phosphogypsum (PG). Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) was used as the precursor. The effects of the activator dosage on the fluidity and mechanical properties were systematically investigated. The hydration mechanism of the 28-day geopolymer was comprehensively characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG), and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The results showed that phosphogypsum enhanced both the fluidity and strength. With increasing phosphogypsum content, the compressive strength initially increased. It then decreased and subsequently increased again. This pattern was attributed to the content and morphology of ettringite (AFt) and calcium (alumino)silicate hydrate (C-(A)-S-H) gels. By optimising the mixing ratio, binders with good compressive strengths at 3 days (14.52 MPa), 7 days (19.3 MPa) and 28 days (26.98 MPa) could be prepared, as well as a binder with a maximum compressive strength of 29.43 MPa at 28 days. Moreover, the prepared binders showed good immobilisation of heavy metal ions at different pH values. The proposed low-carbon binder showed potential for manufacturing pavement bricks and concrete blocks, while providing a method for the disposal of these industrial wastes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 113229"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shear behavior of reinforced one-part geopolymer concrete beams","authors":"Shunyin Wan ,&nbsp;Zhouhong Zong ,&nbsp;Yuanzheng Lin ,&nbsp;Hanyuan Shi ,&nbsp;Yujin Yuan ,&nbsp;Boyin Ding ,&nbsp;Jingming Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geopolymers, emerging as a novel low-carbon cementitious material, have garnered growing attention in recent years. Notably, the recently developed “one-part geopolymer” (OPG) has shown mechanical properties and durability comparable to those of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). However, the mechanical behavior of one-part geopolymer concrete (OPGC) structural members remains insufficiently understood, which limits its engineering application. This study explores the shear behavior of reinforced OPGC beams. Ten beams were tested under four-point loading to examine their damage modes and evaluate the effects of shear span ratio and stirrup ratio, with an OPC concrete (OPCC) beam considered a counterpart for comparison. Test results revealed that the shear capacity of OPGC beams decreases as the shear span ratio increases. OPGC beams with low stirrup ratios exhibit brittle shear failure, whereas this can be effectively mitigated by increasing the stirrup ratio. OPGC beams demonstrated slightly better load-carrying capacity and ductility compared to OPCC beams. In addition, this study evaluated the applicability of theoretical shear capacity formulas from existing structural design codes in China, the UK, the United States, and Japan for the shear design of OPGC beams. The results revealed that all the design codes were overall applicable to the shear design of OPGC beams. Finally, the overall performance of OPGC and OPCC beams was evaluated and compared by considering environmental and economic indicators. This study offers valuable insights for the design and analysis of OPGC beams subjected to shear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 113205"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep transfer learning model in predicting the longitudinal wind pressure time series on a high-rise building","authors":"Haotian Dong,&nbsp;Caiyao Hu,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Du","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately obtaining the spatial and temporal characteristics of wind loading is key to the wind resistance of slender structures. This paper proposes a deep-transfer-learning-based framework TL-POD-LSTM that combines transfer learning (TL) with proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and long short-term memory network (LSTM). TL-POD-LSTM predicts the pressure time series at any longitudinal location using data from very few sensors by training the source domain model, transferring the source model to the untrained target model, training and fine-tuning the target model, and predicting the loading using the target model. The wind tunnel experimental data of pressure time series at four laps of pressure taps in various longitudinal locations on a square cylinder was used to compare TL-POD-LSTM with the previous POD-LSTM model that uses only the target domain data. Various combinations of longitudinal spacings, training tap schemes, and wind incidences were tested. The total error, local error, pressure statistics, aerodynamics, and error factors were analyzed. TL-POD-LSTM significantly outperforms POD-LSTM in precision and generalization performances. Using only 4 taps at the target domain, TL-POD-LSTM improves the determination coefficient from 0.194 to 0.976 at an incidence of 45° and a longitudinal spacing equal to the side length. The precision of TL-POD-LSTM has no relevance to the longitudinal spacing between the source and target domains. The source domain data should be carefully selected to reduce both the source model errors due to adjacent-tap data differences and the transfer learning errors due to source-target mode vector differences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 113201"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical study of high-strength aluminum alloy circular hollow sections after exposure to fire","authors":"Yao Sun ,&nbsp;Wen Cheng ,&nbsp;Kang Chen ,&nbsp;Luigi di Sarno","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an experimental and numerical study on the compression resistances and local stability of high-strength aluminum alloy circular hollow section stub columns after exposure to fire. A testing program was first conducted, including heating tests, 16 post-fire material tests and 16 post-fire stub column tests. Following the testing program, a numerical modeling program was conducted, where finite-element models were developed and validated against the test results. The validated numerical models were then adopted to perform parametric studies to derive additional post-fire performance data. The obtained test and numerical data were used to carry out a comprehensive design analysis, where the existing international design standards and the Continuous Strength Method were examined. The design analysis results generally indicate that the considered international standards lead to under-estimated compression resistances for high-strength aluminum alloy circular hollow sections after exposure to elevated temperatures of 300 °C–550 °C, owing to the neglect of material strain hardening, despite a high level of accuracy for the post-fire design for the 25 °C–200 °C exposure temperature cases. The Continuous Strength Method is shown to provide greatly improved design accuracy over the existing international design standards for the post-fire design of high-strength aluminum alloy circular hollow section stub columns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 113185"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}