Journal of building engineering最新文献

{"title":"Experimental study and practical constitutive model of bond performance between engineering cementitious composites concrete and reinforcement considering constraint effect under cyclic loading","authors":"Lu Yang ,&nbsp;Yue Zheng ,&nbsp;Shan-Suo Zheng ,&nbsp;Xi Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To study the bond performance between steel bars and engineering cementitious composites (ECC) concrete, 30 groups of ECC concrete eccentric pull-out specimens considering constraint effect were designed and subjected to cyclic loading tests. Subsequently, the effects of cover thickness, stirrup spacing, concrete strength and longitudinal rebar diameter on bond performance were investigated. The bond performance between rebars and ECC concrete was examined from the perspectives of failure mode, bond strength, energy dissipation capacity, and the degradation of stiffness and strength. The experimental results show that as the stirrup restraint degree increased, the bond strength degradation weakened obviously, and the energy dissipation capacity improved significantly. With the rising of the cover thickness, the bond strength degradation diminished slightly, and the energy dissipation capacity increased slightly. The enhancement effect of increasing the cover thickness on the bond strength was less than that of increasing stirrup ratio. With the increase of concrete strength, the bond strength and energy dissipation capacity of the specimen grew continuously, and the strength degradation coefficient was almost unchanged. Specimens with smaller steel bar diameters exhibited higher bond strengths, a slower decline in the curve after the peak, and an increased capacity for energy dissipation. Finally, on basis of the test data, calculation formulas for bond force and slip at the characteristic points were established. By altering the Pinch4 material parameters in OpenSees, a practical hysteresis constitutive model of ECC concrete bond-slip was created, and the accuracy of the model was confirmed using test data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 112739"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A time-varying model for predicting crack closure in microbial self-healing concrete after incorporating encapsulated agent","authors":"Kai Zou ,&nbsp;Licheng Wang ,&nbsp;Tamon Ueda","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cracks in concrete might undermine structural integrity, accelerate harmful substances to pass through, result in deterioration of concrete matrix and potential reinforcement corrosion, and then increase the maintenance and repair costs of structure. To mitigate these effects, the microbial self-healing concrete (MSC) has emerged as a promising solution among self-healing technologies. This paper presents an integrated numerical model to predict crack closure in MSC by combining simulated crack spaces with two sub-models, i.e., agent release model and self-healing model. The crack spaces created through digital image processing (DIP) method or Rigid Body Spring Model (RBSM) are used as initial boundary conditions for the agent release model. The agent release model can quantitatively describe the transport of self-healing agents, while the self-healing model is able to reproduce the reduction of local crack widths induced by Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (MICP). Key features of the proposed model include accounting for the effects of boundary fluctuations and local crack width variations on crack closure process. Parametric analyses reveal that the healing ratio is significantly influenced by factors such as healable depth, environmental conditions, as well as the diffusion and consumption coefficients of healing agents. Moreover, the reduction in local crack widths (i.e., crack closure) is also presented through visualizing the formation of calcium carbonate within both cracked MSC specimens and simulated crack spaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 112748"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of cenospheres as an internal curing material for autogenous shrinkage mitigation of ultra-light-weight concrete","authors":"Zhi Ge,&nbsp;Faliang Gao,&nbsp;Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Jingjing Lyu,&nbsp;Hanming Zhang,&nbsp;Honglei Chang,&nbsp;Hongzhi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autogenous shrinkage of ultra-light-weight concrete (ULWC) can cause severe cracking at early-age reducing the service life of the structure. This paper proposes a method to mitigate autogenous shrinkage of ULWC using pre-saturated cenospheres. ULWCs with densities of 800 kg/m³, 900 kg/m³ and 1000 kg/m³ were prepared using both pre-saturated and pre-dried cenospheres. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance was applied to characterize the water state evolution during hardening of the ULWC. The results demonstrated that the pre-saturated and pre-dried cenospheres behave in different absorption and desorption behaviors in ULWC which dominate the deformation of ULWC at the first few hours. The pre-dried cenospheres absorb water in the mixing stage and the first few hours. This leads to a rapid increase of shrinkage. On the other hand, a considerable amount of water is released from the pre-saturated cenospheres in the first few hours leading to an expansion phase. In case of ULWC with density of 800 kg/m³, the pre-saturation method reduced autogenous shrinkage by 81.7 %, and improved 7-day compressive strength by 11.9 % compared to the pre-dried method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 112794"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the mechanical and shrinkage performance of POM-UHPC for stone masonry structure reinforcement","authors":"Wei Huang ,&nbsp;Yaying Huang ,&nbsp;Xueli Chen ,&nbsp;Yingxiong Wu ,&nbsp;Xinyan Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiangyu Zheng ,&nbsp;Jinggan Shao ,&nbsp;Hengchun Zhang ,&nbsp;Bin Huang ,&nbsp;Fangrong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is a promising cementitious engineering material with superior mechanical properties, which is an ideal potential rehabilitation material for stone masonry structures. However, the significant tensile stress generated from the UHPC overlay shrinkage under stone constraint is likely to have an adverse effect on rehabilitation. In this study, the development of workability, mechanical properties and shrinkage behavior of polyformaldehyde-UHPC (POM-UHPC) were investigated. The results showed that the optimum limestone powder content, POM fiber volume, water-binder ratio, and superplasticizer content in UHPC with excellent mechanical properties is about 40 %, 2 %, 0.19, 1.5 %, respectively. The increase of POM fiber volume and the decrease in water-binder ratio are beneficial to the development of mechanical properties while decreasing flowability. The autogenous shrinkage of UHPC is characterized by rapid growth in the early age, which could be mitigated by increasing the levels of water-binder ratio, limestone powder, POM fiber volume, and superplasticizer. The autogenous shrinkage development is positively correlated with the compressive strength. The increment of overlay thickness and stone surface roughness can reduce the constraint shrinkage of UHPC. The analyzed shrinkage-induced interfacial stresses between UHPC and stone increase with the UHPC layer thickness and the stone groove depth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 112789"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tension-compression anisotropic cohesion model for the interlayer interface of 3D-printed concrete compression specimens","authors":"Ning An ,&nbsp;Huai Wang ,&nbsp;Peijun Wang ,&nbsp;Chuanhua Xu ,&nbsp;Mei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several issues exist with the cohesive model used to simulate the interlayer characteristics of 3D-printed concrete compression specimens: the accuracy of anisotropic simulation is low, cohesion model parameters are difficult to obtain, and the study of these parameters on anisotropic effects is insufficient. This study proposes a tension-compression anisotropic cohesive model to address the limitation of the traditional isotropic model, which lacks dedicated compressive stiffness when applied to printed concrete compression specimens. To obtain suitable model parameters, a parameter inversion framework is proposed, utilizing compression test data from printed specimens. To evaluate the impact of the cohesive model parameters, the SHapley Additive exPlanations method is employed to explore their effects on anisotropy. Results demonstrate that the framework accurately captures the anisotropy of 3D-printed concrete, achieving a relative error below 0.5 %. Parametric analysis reveals that when loaded in the horizontal printing direction, the key parameter of the cohesive model is the compressive stiffness, whereas when loaded in the vertical direction, the key parameters are the compressive stiffness and shear stiffness. The cohesion model, inversion framework, and findings provide valuable research approaches and a more comprehensive understanding of the compression performance of 3D-printed concrete.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 112800"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven thermal dynamics recognition and multi-objective optimization for building demand response","authors":"Ruoyu Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaochen Liu ,&nbsp;Guangchun Ruan ,&nbsp;Tao Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large-scale integration and management of air-conditioning (AC) systems is crucial to the decarbonization of electric power systems. The current challenges lie in the computational accuracy and speed of thermal dynamics recognition and optimization, and there is still a lack of effective methods to deal with the situation of complex indoor spaces and various AC systems. In addition, users often have diverse preferences between operational costs and thermal comfort under different conditions, which are vague for optimal operation. Hereby, this paper introduces a physics-restricted state-space (PRSS) building thermal dynamics recognition method and a rolling-horizon optimization approach. The recognition method utilizes a high-dimensional linear regression to calibrate the state-space equation with physical constraints. An adaptive weights algorithm is also introduced to extract the historical preference between thermal comfort and operational cost, and determine a range of weights for better performances in cost and thermal comfort than the history operation. Long-term operational data of a commercial building (38 indoor zones) and an office building (8 indoor zones) with different AC systems are utilized to validate the proposed method. The proposed recognition method can get predictions of multi-zone air temperature with the rooted mean squared error and the mean absolute error both less than 0.3 K. Moreover, the proposed optimization approach can fulfill the multifaceted requirements of demand response, including immediacy for incentive-based programs and reliability for price-based programs. Our work demonstrates its potential to be a generic interface to facilitate large-scale regulation of AC systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 112778"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance optimization and heavy metal solidification mechanism of salt-alkali activated all-solid waste filling material","authors":"Lijuan Su ,&nbsp;Jie Li ,&nbsp;Siyao Wu ,&nbsp;Xiangdong Zhang ,&nbsp;Bing Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study prepares a novel green filling material for goaf areas using industrial ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), fly ash (FA), municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) as cementitious components, carbide slag (CS), sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) as activators, and coal gangue (CG) as aggregate. Firstly, the influence of GGBS content, ratio of CS to sodium sulfate (CS/Na₂SO₄) and activator content on the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of cementitious materials was analyzed by single factor method. Subsequently, using bone cement ratio, mass concentration, and GGBS content as influencing factors, the BBD response surface methodology was used to design the experimental mix ratio and analyze the influence of each influencing factor on the mechanical properties and slump of the filling material. Finally, the test results were analyzed by combining X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), the study elucidates the hydration products, microscopic morphology, strength formation mechanism, and heavy metal solidification mechanism of the cementitious material. The research results indicate that the optimal proportion of the filling material is as follows: bone glue proportion (3.32:1), mass concentration (79.12 %), GGBS (33.21 %), CS/Na₂SO₄ (1:6), activator content (8 %), with the 28 d UCS of the sample is 2.08 MPa. CS initially reacts with Na₂SO₄, forming anionic derivative products such as calcium sulfate (CaSO₄) and AFt, the early strength of the material is improved. In the Na⁺ environment, NaOH is locally generated, which increases the alkalinity of the medium, thus accelerating the polymerization process of the cementitious material, and promoting the formation of C-(A)-S-H gel and AFt. At the optimal proportion, the leaching concentrations of heavy metal ions from the filling material all meet the Class Ⅲ groundwater pollution standards (GB/T14848-2017).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 112754"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on tensile bond and shear bond failure characteristics of TSL materials","authors":"Chenyang Liu ,&nbsp;Qingfa Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bond stress is a crucial indicator for assessing the strength of thin spray liner (TSL) materials used as support. The traditional approach of manually measuring the bonded residual area of TSL at the interface and defining the bond stress through threshold determination has two main drawbacks: a significant error in the manual measurement of the interface bonding area, and the unscientific selection of image threshold information. To address these issues, this paper utilizes image threshold segmentation software to recognize the interface bond area. It proposes a scientific and reasonable method for dividing image threshold information based on image data, leading to a more accurate classification of TSL bond stress values and damage modes. This approach elucidates the changes in the mechanical state of the TSL during the bearing process. The evaluation of computational thresholding and automatic thresholding segmentation was conducted using two methods, AP and IU. Results indicate that the computational thresholds obtained through the IFFT-continuous cusp mutation method offer significant advantages. From a mechanical perspective, this method provides a clear physical interpretation for each threshold value, yielding more accurate TSL mechanical measurements and a more realistic classification of damage modes, and allowing for the definition of mechanical states in the TSL bearing process. Regarding image segmentation, computed thresholding improves image segmentation effectiveness by approximately 15.6 %–32.6 % compared to automatic thresholding, demonstrating strong stability even for samples that are extremely difficult to recognize. Therefore, the threshold calculation method proposed in this paper not only enhances the study of TSL mechanical properties but also offers a new perspective for the development of image threshold segmentation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 112790"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of building structures subjected to electric vehicle fires","authors":"Fabricio L. Bolina ,&nbsp;Eduardo G. Fachinelli ,&nbsp;João Paulo C. Rodrigues","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electric vehicles (EV) are becoming increasingly popular worldwide due to environmental concerns. EV fires have been reported during charging process in some circumstances, but firefighting with water is ineffective due to the lithium battery. Particular attention must be paid to building basements. To analyze the safety of buildings to EV, the purpose of this research is to better understand the temperature field and mechanical damage in horizontal and vertical element reinforced concrete (RC) structures exposed to EV fires, and compare them to the ASTM and ISO curves (used in various standards for fire-design of RC members). The analysis was conducted using CFD and FEA thermal models. The first was used to define the temperature in an EV fire and was supported by experimental results from the literature. The second model was used to characterize the temperature field in the horizontal and vertical structural members, using real-scale experimental tests carried out by the authors to validate the model. The results suggest that the EV fire is more severe than standard (ST) in the first 45 min. However, vertical RC members are safe in an EV fire if they are designed according to ST curves, but horizontal structures are unsafe as they lose their bending capacity and thermal insultation before. Horizontal structures exposed to EV have about 10 min less fire resistance than would be expected in ST fires.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 112769"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of oil shale residue from Alberta Taciuk process in phosphogypsum slag cement: compressive strength, hydration behavior, and microstructural characteristics","authors":"Yulin Yan ,&nbsp;Weifeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Li ,&nbsp;Zheng Zhu ,&nbsp;Yong Yang ,&nbsp;Yi Sui ,&nbsp;Guangwen Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the feasibility of using oil shale residue (OSR), a byproduct of the Alberta Taciuk Process, as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in phosphogypsum-slag cement (PSC). OSR replaced slag at 20 %, 40 %, and 60 % by mass. The effects on compressive strength, hydration behavior, and microstructure were systematically evaluated. Results showed that 20 % and 40 % OSR replacement improved the 28-day compressive strength by 30.5 % and 17.4 %, respectively. This enhancement was attributed to increased formation and polymerization of calcium–aluminosilicate–hydrate (C-(A)-S-H) gels at later hydration stages. Analysis of hydration products confirmed reduced ettringite (AFt) content and increased chemically bound water, indicating a shift in hydration mechanisms. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) revealed the formation of highly polymerized, Al-rich C-(A)-S-H gels. However, early-age strength declined due to OSR's limited reactivity. Although hydration heat analysis indicated accelerated initial dissolution and shortened induction periods, the effect was not sustained beyond 24 h. Microstructural observations showed that OSR particles enhanced matrix densification only when sufficient C-(A)-S-H was present. At 60 % replacement, gel deficiency and poor particle bonding reduced overall strength. These findings highlight OSR's dual role as both filler and reactive component. Its performance depends on balancing dosage and hydration product availability. This study provides insight into utilizing OSR for low-carbon PSC development and supports broader sustainable cement strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 112771"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}