Journal of building engineering最新文献

Experimental investigation on the performance of ground granulated blast furnace slag and copper slag blended recycled aggregate concrete exposed to elevated temperatures

IF 6.7 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112531

Anasuya Sahu , Sanjay Kumar , Adarsh Srivastav , Harsh Anurag

{"title":"Experimental investigation on the performance of ground granulated blast furnace slag and copper slag blended recycled aggregate concrete exposed to elevated temperatures","authors":"Anasuya Sahu , Sanjay Kumar , Adarsh Srivastav , Harsh Anurag","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current experimental programme examines the residual performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) under elevated temperatures, with partial replacement of fine aggregate by copper slag, followed by the substitution of cement with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). RAC was prepared by replacing natural coarse aggregate with recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) at substitution levels of 0 %, 33 %, 66 %, and 100 %. Among these, the 33 % RCA replacement demonstrated superior mechanical properties and was selected for further investigation. Subsequently, the industrial wastes like copper slag and GGBFS were used for replacing fine aggregate and cement up to 60 % to escalate the residual characteristics of RAC mixes prepared with 33 % RCA. All the specimens were exposed at temperature level of 30 °C, 200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C respectively and assessed their residual compressive strength, split tensile strength, elastic modulus, and failure behavior by conducting laboratory experiments. Test results concluded that, the GGBFS and CS blended RAC mixture achieved greater resistance to deterioration of strength properties compared to the control mixture at higher temperature. The combination of 33 % RCA, 40 % CS, and 40 % GGBFS exhibited superior residual performance over all the mixes and established grater fire-resistant to concrete. Further, the microstructural study of different RAC mixtures revealed that the addition of CS and GGBFS strengthened the RAC matrix by creating a dense calcium silicate hydrate gel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 112531"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transverse compressive properties, long-term stress relaxation, and post-relaxation properties of unidirectional CFRP composites

IF 6.7 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112526

Jianwen Li , Maoqiang Wang , Qingrui Yue , Xiaogang Liu

{"title":"Transverse compressive properties, long-term stress relaxation, and post-relaxation properties of unidirectional CFRP composites","authors":"Jianwen Li , Maoqiang Wang , Qingrui Yue , Xiaogang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced composites (UD-CFRP) have the advantages of high strength, corrosion resistance, and lightweight, making them potential materials for structural components such as cables. In engineering cables, UD-CFRP composites are subjected to transverse compressions in the cable anchorage, except for tensile forces in cable bodies. Thus, their compression creep characteristics are critical for the long-term performance of cable anchorages. This paper first investigated the microscopic transverse compression failure modes and the microscopic failure modes utilizing scanning electron microscope analysis, as well as analyzed the transverse compressive stress-strain relationship, strength, elastic modulus, and Poisson ratio. Afterward, the transverse compression stress relaxation tests were conducted, under different stress levels, and the relaxation characteristics were analyzed. Besides, the post-relaxation static compressive properties were also tested. Finally, based on the stress-relaxation test results and the recommendations of specifications, the stress-relaxation model was proposed, presenting the stress-relaxation under million-hour development. The results showed that UD-CFPR exhibited compression-shear failure mode under transverse compression. The stress-relaxation exhibited three stages with loading time, including the fast-developing period, the rapid-developing period, and the stable-developing period. After being subjected to long-term compressive stress relaxation, the static transverse compression failure modes and strength remained unchanged, but the elastic modulus improved by around 10 %. Under the stress level of 30 %–80 %, the million-hour stress relaxation ratio was between 19.05 %–33.76 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 112526"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced carbonation of steel slag blocks using various chemical additives

IF 6.7 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112518

Jiaxin Deng , Dong Zhang , Lei Gu , Huihui Yuan , Xiaoxiang Zhang

{"title":"Enhanced carbonation of steel slag blocks using various chemical additives","authors":"Jiaxin Deng , Dong Zhang , Lei Gu , Huihui Yuan , Xiaoxiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional carbonation methods for steel slag typically rely on pure CO<sub>2</sub> and elevated pressures, posing practical challenges due to specific CO<sub>2</sub> transport and kinetic limitations. This study explores the carbonation properties of steel slag blocks under ambient conditions using a 30 % CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. To accelerate carbonation, the effectiveness of various chemical additives was examined, including chelating agents, inorganic alkali activators, and sulfates. Results demonstrate that incorporating chemical additives, particularly EDTA and its salt derivatives, significantly increases the compressive strength of carbonated steel slag blocks. All tested chemicals facilitated increases in CO<sub>2</sub> absorption. Specifically, Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> increased CO<sub>2</sub> uptake by 30.6 % and 25.6 % at 12 h, respectively. A logarithmic model effectively characterized the CO<sub>2</sub> uptake kinetics, revealing that initial CO<sub>2</sub> uptake (β) usually correlates inversely with the carbonation rate (α) over time. Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> and Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> exhibited faster carbonation kinetics throughout the process due to the accelerated formation of C-(A)-S-H structures that are more reactive to CO<sub>2</sub> than the original mineral phases. However, excessive carbonation rates resulted in the formation of a dense carbonate layer on the block surfaces, limiting further CO<sub>2</sub> diffusion. These findings underscore the potential of chemical additives to optimize the carbonation process, contributing to eco-friendly, high-performance building materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 112518"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biocomposites for sustainable construction: A review of material properties, applications, research gaps, and contribution to circular economy

IF 6.7 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112525

Waqas Ahmad , Sarah J. McCormack , Aimee Byrne

{"title":"Biocomposites for sustainable construction: A review of material properties, applications, research gaps, and contribution to circular economy","authors":"Waqas Ahmad , Sarah J. McCormack , Aimee Byrne","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To promote circular economy practices in the construction sector, researchers are investigating potential alternatives to traditional building materials. Biocomposites might be an eco-friendly substitute for synthetic composites, which has increased demand across numerous applications. This study reviews and synthesises current knowledge in the field of biocomposites for building applications and identifies existing research gaps. The literature highlights several forms of biocomposites employed in the construction industry, which can be broadly categorised as polymer, mineral/cement, and alkali-activated or geopolymer biocomposites incorporating biofibres or fillers. The constituents, production methods, and mechanical and functional properties of these materials are examined. Potential applications of biocomposites are discussed based on their material characteristics, along with their contribution to the circular economy within the building sector. Finally, key research gaps that hinder the large-scale adoption of biocomposites in the construction industry are highlighted, and future research directions and commercial initiatives are proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 112525"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CLT two-way slabs fire resistance test and numerical simulation analysis

IF 6.7 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112529

Zhiyan Xing , Jin Zhang , Farhad Aslani

{"title":"CLT two-way slabs fire resistance test and numerical simulation analysis","authors":"Zhiyan Xing , Jin Zhang , Farhad Aslani","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to investigate the failure mechanism and fire resistance of cross-laminated timber (CLT) two-way slabs at room temperature and under fire conditions, this paper conducted research on their fire resistance performance and performed refined finite element analysis. It analyzes and tests the temperature distribution, and mid span displacement time curve of CLT two-way slabs in a fire, summarized the failure mechanism of the CLT two-way slabs at room temperature and under fire, and compared it with the one-way slab. The results show that under vertical load, the bottom of a CLT two-way slabs will generate tensile stress. However, as wood is a brittle material, it will not undergo significant plastic deformation when the slab bottom is under tension, unlike the steel bars in reinforced concrete slabs, and will not form plastic hinge lines like reinforced concrete slabs. Compared to one-way slabs, CLT two-way slabs undergo hyperbolic deformation under load due to constraints on all four sides. This leads to a stronger overall cooperative working capacity of the components, with better load-bearing capacity than one-way slabs. At room temperature, the CLT two-way slab undergoes brittle failure with a step like decrease in bearing capacity. In a fire, the mechanical properties of the wood gradually decrease with increasing temperature, and the final vertical deflection reaches the fire resistance limit, indicating that the component has failed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 112529"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental and numerical study on progressive collapse resistance of novel fully assembled concrete beam-column connections

IF 6.7 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112516

Kai Wang , Jingang Xiong , Moqiang Xiong , Liangzhong Chen , Chenxin Yao , Jiawen Ying

{"title":"Experimental and numerical study on progressive collapse resistance of novel fully assembled concrete beam-column connections","authors":"Kai Wang , Jingang Xiong , Moqiang Xiong , Liangzhong Chen , Chenxin Yao , Jiawen Ying","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, two novel fully assembled concrete beam-column connections are proposed, in which prefabricated beams are connected to the steel sleeves of restrained columns using bolted flanges (PC1) or bolt-cover plates (PC2). Pseudo-static tests were performed to evaluate the progressive collapse resistance of these dry connections. Additionally, the experiment results revealed that PC1 experienced out-of-plane instability failure after reaching the peak load, with its bearing capacity predominantly sustained by the flexural-compressive arch action (F-CAA). In contrast, PC2 underwent the F-CAA, transition, and catenary action (CA) stages, ultimately failing due to tensile fracture of the steel connector. The maximum chord rotation of PC1 and PC2 at the end of the test were 0.05 rad and 0.204 rad, respectively. Subsequently, finite element (FE) models were developed using ABAQUS, which agreed well with the test results. The mechanical behaviour of PC1 following the F-CAA stage was investigated through numerical simulation. It was found that PC1 exhibited a direct transition from the F-CAA stage to the CA stage, ultimately failing due to tensile fracture of the bolts, with a maximum chord rotation of 0.25 rad. Both the experimental and numerical results confirmed that PC1 and PC2 exhibit excellent deformation capacity. Finally, parametric analyses were conducted to investigate the effects of concrete strength, bolt diameter, web bolt distribution, and flange end widening modes on PC1 and PC2. The findings provide valuable insights and design guidance for optimising the connections and dynamic tests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 112516"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microscopic damage mechanism and dynamic mechanical properties of concrete materials subjected to negative-temperature curing environments

IF 6.7 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112429

Jianguo Ning, Zhongliang Yang, Xiangzhao Xu

{"title":"Microscopic damage mechanism and dynamic mechanical properties of concrete materials subjected to negative-temperature curing environments","authors":"Jianguo Ning, Zhongliang Yang, Xiangzhao Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In highly frigid regions, it is inevitable to pour, construct, and maintain concrete buildings under negative-temperature environments, which affects the hydration reaction and hardening performance of concrete during curing and seriously threatens the dynamic mechanical properties. In order to reveal the deterioration mechanism of the negative-temperature curing environment on the microscopic damage and macroscopic dynamic mechanical properties of concrete materials, scanning electron microscopy, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR), and dynamic compression tests were carried out. Different from conventional LF-NMR tests, the three-stage LF-NMR test was performed to track the water–ice phase transition degree across various negative-temperature curing environments. Based on this, an empirical formula for the dynamic compressive strength of negative-temperature curing concrete was developed to establish the relationship between the microscopic damage caused by the water–ice phase transition and the deterioration of macroscopic dynamic mechanical properties. The results show that the water–ice phase transition induced by the negative-temperature curing environment causes frost heave and reduces the water content, which leads to microscopic damage, including interface crack widening and pore coarsening. These damage phenomena cause an increase in the structural porosity, which leads to the deterioration of the macroscopic dynamic compressive strength and the reduction of the strain rate sensitivity of the concrete materials. The proposed empirical formula considers the negative-temperature deterioration effect and strain-rate enhancement effect, which can effectively calculate the dynamic compressive strength of concrete materials under various negative-temperature curing environments. This study can provide guidance for assessing the dynamic mechanical properties of concrete buildings cured in cold climates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 112429"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanical and seismic performance of lower-through- diaphragm and upper-external-plate connections to wall-shaped multi-box columns

IF 6.7 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112505

Shi Cao , Ganping Shu , Ying Qin , Baofeng Zheng , Wenfu Zhang

{"title":"Mechanical and seismic performance of lower-through- diaphragm and upper-external-plate connections to wall-shaped multi-box columns","authors":"Shi Cao , Ganping Shu , Ying Qin , Baofeng Zheng , Wenfu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel connection with lower-through-diaphragm (LTD) and upper-external-plate (UEP) for wall-shaped multi-box (WSMB) column is proposed in this paper. To evaluate the seismic performance, quasi-static low-cycle loading tests were conducted on three full scale connection specimens, considering the effects of different configurations. The study examined failure modes, hysteretic curves, rotation capacity, strength and stiffness degradation, ductility, energy dissipation, and panel zone deformations. The experimental results indicated that the proposed connection exhibited reliable seismic performance, while the reduced beam section (RBS) specimen showed the best ductility and energy dissipation. The primary failure areas were observed in the sections where the UEP connected the beam flange to the WSMB column. Additionally, a finite element model (FEM) was developed and validated based on the test results, and a detailed discussion on the stress distribution in critical areas was conducted. The box connected to the beam was found bearing a greater load than the others, and the load primarily occurred through the bilateral areas of the UEP and LTD. Also, a parametric analysis was conducted to investigate the behavior of the connection. Theoretical equations for the capacity of connection with and without RBS were derived based on yield line theory. The calculated results closely match the experimental and FEM results, indicating that they are valuable tools for determining the ultimate capacity of connection. Overall, the findings of this research provide a valuable reference for this type of connection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 112505"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seismic performance analysis and damage evaluation of shear wall and frame shear wall structures under multi-dimensional excitations

IF 6.7 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112464

Yang Cheng , Haoxiang He , Weixiao Xu , Weisong Yang

{"title":"Seismic performance analysis and damage evaluation of shear wall and frame shear wall structures under multi-dimensional excitations","authors":"Yang Cheng , Haoxiang He , Weixiao Xu , Weisong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To systematically explore the seismic performance of shear walls and frame-shear wall structures under multi-directional seismic actions, three shear wall specimens and one frame-shear wall specimen are fabricated and the quasi-static loading tests are carried out. The shear wall specimens are loaded in oblique direction, in-plane direction, and out-of-plane direction, while the frame-shear wall specimen is loaded in the in-plane direction. The macroscopic damage phenomena of the specimens are analyzed to investigate the influence of the typical performance indicators such as crack propagation, hysteresis curves, skeleton curves, and stiffness degradation curves. Subsequently, the equation for calculating comprehensive damage indices, which can accurately reveal the damage evolution process and final damage severity of shear wall components, is proposed. Based on the calibrated experiments, the appropriate finite element software is used to simulate quasi-static loading from multiple angles on shear wall and frame-shear wall specimens. The time-history analysis are conducted on the frame-shear wall structural system from multiple angles to comparatively analyze the seismic performance and failure modes of the two types of structures under different loading angles. The results indicate that the bearing capacity, the energy dissipation capacity and the lateral stiffness of shear walls and frame-shear wall structures decrease as the loading angle increases. Significant changes in crack development and failure modes are observed under out-of-plane loading for both types of structures, with the structural damage degree increasing with larger angles. There is an urgent need for further analysis and enhancement of the seismic performance of these structures under multi-directional loading conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 112464"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Approximating CFD simulations of natural ventilation: A deep surrogate model with spatial attention mechanism

IF 6.7 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112425

Matthew R. Vandewiel , Dagimawi D. Eneyew , Anwar D. Awol , Miriam A.M. Capretz , Girma T. Bitsuamlak

{"title":"Approximating CFD simulations of natural ventilation: A deep surrogate model with spatial attention mechanism","authors":"Matthew R. Vandewiel , Dagimawi D. Eneyew , Anwar D. Awol , Miriam A.M. Capretz , Girma T. Bitsuamlak","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Building natural ventilation is a sustainable approach to reducing energy use and emissions from buildings by minimizing reliance on energy-intensive systems. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are often used to predict natural ventilation, enhance building design, and improve indoor air quality. However, CFD simulations are time-consuming and computationally resource-intensive due to the number of spatial and temporal discretization and iterations required to solve the governing Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations. Additionally, CFD simulations require specialized knowledge, limiting the number of concepts designers can test. This study proposes a UNet-based surrogate model with a spatial attention mechanism to overcome the limitation of CFD simulations by approximating RANS simulations of natural ventilation in cross-ventilated buildings. The proposed surrogate model was trained with data from CFD simulations performed on buildings with multiple opening sizes and wind from different directions. The model was then evaluated while comparing it with the commonly used UNet with channel-wise attention as a baseline. Based on the evaluation results, the Spatial Attention UNet model outperformed the baseline model in predicting velocity flow fields, achieving a mean absolute percentage error of 4.7% compared to 14.7% for the whole domain and 17.0% compared to 32.1% within the building. Furthermore, the trained model achieved a tremendous speed, reducing more than an hour of CFD simulation into orders of milliseconds. The result proved that the proposed model could save designers effort and time while allowing them to test several design concepts quickly, sacrificing only a small amount of accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 112425"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0