Journal of building engineering最新文献

{"title":"Synergistic action and effect mechanism of coal gangue powder and red mud on the properties of concretes","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.110999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.110999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Red mud and coal gangue powder were employed as substitutes for cement to prepare red mud concrete, coal gangue concrete, and red mud-coal gangue concrete. The effects of red mud and coal gangue powder on the physical properties, workability, and mechanical properties of concretes were evaluated, and the hydration reaction mechanisms were elucidated through microanalysis. Furthermore, the reaction process was investigated through thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicated that the individual addition of red mud and coal gangue powder had negative effect on the strength, workability, and porosity of concretes. However, the combination of red mud and coal gangue powder significantly improved the strength and porosity of the concrete compared to red mud concrete and coal gangue concrete. The red mud-coal gangue concrete with 15 % red mud and 15 % coal gangue powder had lower porosity, and comparable compressive strength with the cement concrete. The microscopic results and thermogravimetric analyses indicated that the synergistic effect of red mud and coal gangue led to the improvement of the strength of red mud-coal gangue concrete. The red mud exhibited the promotion effect on the hydration of coal gangue powder to generate new C-S-H, filling the pores. The denser structure in the red mud-coal gangue concrete was formed, thereby improving the pore space and mechanical properties of the concretes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on seismic behavior of a novel RC slab- SC wall joint based on UHPC and rebar – Steel plate lap splices","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.110973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.110973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Steel plate concrete shear walls (SC walls) have been widely used in practical projects because of great mechanical properties. For the application in nuclear power plant containment, the joint of specially shaped reinforced concrete slab and SC walls is difficult to design and construct. By using ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), a new type of joint with the non-contact lapping method is proposed in this paper, which has advantages of simple construction, superior performance, suitable cost, and wide application range. Five RC-UHPC slab-shear wall joints were designed and tested under reciprocating load to study the effects of structures of lapping steel plate, shear-resisting methods, and interfacial reinforcing methods on the mechanical properties of the joints. The test results showed that the joints adopting the new structures were damaged for the flexural failure of the concrete area, with no damage to the joint zone, while the other specimens failed in the shear failure of the joint zone. It can be demonstrated that the ribs formed by bars and studs on the lapping steel plates are effective measures for non-contact force transferring, and interfacial reinforcing bars can improve the strength of the interface between concrete and UHPC. The force transferring efficiency of the new joints was close to or more than 90 %, which indicates that the proposed joint structures can effectively realize the non-contact lapping force transferring. The design formulas and suggestions are proposed based on the analysis of the mechanism of new structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming biowaste into sustainable supplementary cementitious materials","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.110976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.110976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The construction industry considerably contributes to global CO₂ emissions, primarily by preparing raw materials for cement production, which necessitates sustainable alternatives. Incorporating biowaste-based constituents into construction materials can help to reduce carbon footprint of the cement production. Various kinds of biowaste (organic and inorganic) can be converted to supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). Organic waste (e.g., agricultural and forestry waste) are used as SCMs in the form of biochar and ash composed of carbon and mineral species like SiO₂ and CaO, made by thermochemical conversion process such as pyrolysis and combustion, respectively. Inorganic waste (e.g., eggshells and seashells) has compositions similar to ordinary cement (e.g., a high CaO content); thus, it can be employed as SCMs after grinding. The results thus far have reported that biowaste-derived SCMs can enhance the mechanical, physical, and environmental properties of the final product. Nevertheless, despite the positive aspects of using biowaste as SCMs, it may negatively affect cement reaction and structural performance. It is hoped that a balanced overview of the utilization of biowaste-derived SCMs provided in this review will foster more extensive research on environmentally friendlier construction materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142438067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection and evaluation of commercial low-cost devices for indoor air quality monitoring in schools","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.110952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.110952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of low-cost sensors for monitoring Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in schools has shown promising results, with the commercialisation of these devices increasing worldwide. This study aims to identify an effective, commercially available low-cost device for IAQ monitoring in schools.</div><div>Four low-cost devices (AirVisual Pro, PocketLab Air, PurpleAir PA-II-SD and uRAD Monitor A3) were selected for both qualitative and performance evaluations. Field tests were conducted in six indoor microenvironments within a nursery and a primary school. The low-cost devices were co-located with research-grade instruments to obtain reference concentrations of PM₁, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, CO₂, VOC, formaldehyde and O₃.</div><div>The qualitative evaluation revealed limitations, including data loss, negative or erratic values, inconsistent timestamps, and connectivity issues. PM low-cost devices exhibited better performance during non-occupancy periods but faced challenges during periods of occupancy. All devices tended to underestimate measurements compared to reference data, although AirVisual Pro performed better for PM_2.5 during occupancy. Furthermore, CO₂ concentrations were slightly overestimated, showing improved accuracy during occupancy periods. While formaldehyde peaks were detected by the low-cost device, overall performance was weak for both formaldehyde and O₃.</div><div>The results indicated that AirVisual Pro demonstrated the best overall performance, and presents itself as a promising tool for IAQ monitoring in schools. However, performance evaluations should be tailored to specific microenvironments and occupancy periods. Despite some acceptable performance results, real-context use of the selected low-cost device should be preceded by a proper calibration. Additionally, long-term performance evaluation should be considered in future studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specialization of a new flux-based approach to thermal problems. Numerical study of glass façades of buildings with cast shadows","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.110949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.110949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Uneven temperature distributions in the glass panes of building façades can induce thermal stresses exceeding material strength, a critical condition usually referred to as “thermal shock”. Here, we specialize in architectural glazing a recently-proposed flux-based variational approach to thermal problems, by considering heat exchanges resulting from climatic actions, in particular the variability of environmental temperatures and solar radiation, influenced by the shielding of cast shadows. The finite element implementation is facilitated because the unknown field is the <em>heat displacement</em>, whose time derivative is the heat flux, which is much smoother than the temperature field, on which the classical approach via Fourier’s law is based. A custom in-house-made FEM code is used to determine the effect of size and shape of cast shadows on temperature distribution in monolithic and laminated glass panes, also coupled in insulating glass units. We find that the temperature difference between irradiated and shadowed regions is only mildly influenced by the shape and size of the shadows, but the glass thickness determines the width of the transition zone and, hence, the temperature gradient. Practical rules for the design of glass façades are tentatively proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An updated multi-criteria decision-making method for the sustainable renovation of buildings including environmental, economic and social life-cycle metrics","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.110967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.110967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ambitious targets of carbon emission reduction set worldwide for the coming years entail the commitment of structural engineers towards the sustainable renovation of existing buildings. The life cycle thinking (LCT) approach offers a holistic perspective for the design of sustainable retrofitting strategies. It envisages the reduction of the environmental impact at all building life cycle phases, while also addressing economic and social issues. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approaches support the choice of optimal retrofitting solutions, thus being relevant tools for boosting the actual adoption of LCT in current practices. In this study, a previously proposed MCDM approach is enriched with additional LCT-inspired decision parameters (module D beyond-life impacts, environmental payback period, invasiveness), and is then scrutinised and discussed through its application to a case-study building. Four integrated retrofitting scenarios are investigated using state-of-art seismic loss and energy performance assessment methods, including four different types of exoskeletons, made of timber, steel, and concrete. The end-to-end integrated assessment shows that the inclusion of additional LCT-inspired decision criteria effectively favours LCT-based retrofitting interventions over more traditional ones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142438059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid shear capacity prediction of TRM-strengthened unreinforced masonry walls through interpretable machine learning deployed in a web app","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.110912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.110912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presented study provides an efficient and reliable tool for rapid shear capacity estimation of TRM-strengthened unreinforced masonry walls. For this purpose, a data-driven methodology based on a machine learning system is proposed using a dataset constituted of experimental results selected from the bibliography. The outlier points of the dataset were detected using the Cook’s distance methodology and removed from the raw dataset, which consisted of 113 examples and 11 input variables. In the processed dataset, 17 machine learning methods were trained, optimized through hyperparameter tuning, and compared on the test set. The most effective models were the optimized instances of XGBoost and CatBoost methods, which combined into a voting model to leverage the predictive capacity of more than a single regressor. The final blended model shows remarkable predicting capacity with the determination factor (<span><math><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>) equal to 0.95 and the mean absolute percentage error equal to 8.03%. Also, the model’s predictions are compared with those of existing analytical relationships, and it is found to perform the best of all. In sequence, machine learning interpretation methods are applied to find how the predictors influence the target output. <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, and <span><math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mi>⋅</mi><msub><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> were identified as the most significant predictors with a mainly positive influence on the shear capacity. Finally, the built machine learning system is employed in a user-friendly web app for easy access and usage by professionals and researchers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142438070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing and mitigating environmental impacts of construction materials: Insights from environmental product declarations","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.110929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.110929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Construction activities significantly impact natural resources and the environment, accounting for 40 % of global energy consumption and 36 % of carbon emissions. This study evaluates the environmental impacts of various primary construction materials by leveraging more original and comprehensive Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) and incorporates insights from prevvious research to summarize effective mitigation strategies. Analyzing the environmental impact per unit mass is a critical step toward building-level assessments, enabling the strategic replacement of high-pollution materials with lower-impact alternatives to optimize environmental outcomes. The quantitative analysis of data from 180 EPDs indicates that aluminum and steel have the highest median total environmental impacts per unit mass, followed by plastics, while wood, cement, and concrete have relatively lower impacts. Overall, Abiotic Depletion Potential (ADP) and Global Warming Potential (GWP) are identified as the primary environmental impacts of construction materials. At the building level, the environmental footprint varies based on the quantity of each material used, leading to substantial overall impacts. Furthermore, this study explores the relationships between different environmental impacts, finding positive correlations between GWP and Primary Energy Non-Renewable Energy (PENRE), Acidification Potential (AP), and Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP). A comprehensive literature review identifies the key environmental hotspots and mitigation strategies for high-impact materials such as aluminum, steel, cement, and concrete. Common strategies include innovative production methods, waste recycling, carbon capture and storage (CCS), and the development of low-carbon materials. By integrating quantitative EPDs analysis with a qualitative literature review, this research provides a holistic understanding of the environmental burdens of construction materials, offering a valuable framework for developing sustainable policies and practices within the construction industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel life cycle assessment methodology for transitioning from nZEB to ZEB. Case-study","authors":"Amalia Palomar-Torres, Javier M. Rey-Hernández, Alberto Rey-Hernández, Francisco J. Rey-Martínez","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.110868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2024.110868","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzes the CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> equivalent emissions of a LEED-certified nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) using a simplified Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, aligned with EN 15978. Focusing on the building's energy performance across its life cycle, the study demonstrates that in 2022, 95 % of the energy used for heating came from renewable sources, which decreases to 86 % by 2050 due to milder winters. However, the need for cooling increases by 9 % over the same period due to hotter summers. By 2050 and 2080, if the EU transitions to renewable electricity, the operational Global Warming Potential (GWP) could approach zero. The study highlights that embodied emissions (69 %) outweigh operational emissions (31 %) in 2022, emphasizing the need to reduce embodied GWP through material reuse and recycling. Notably, concrete and aluminum were found to contribute the most to embodied emissions. The research also shows that nZEBs can exceed the EU's 2030 energy targets, with renewable energy contributing 67 % of the building's total consumption. As climate change favors nZEB performance, the operational emissions will trend towards zero, but embodied emissions will become increasingly significant. To achieve the EU's zero-emission goals, it is crucial to prioritize reducing embodied GWP in future nZEBs. This study underscores the importance of nZEBs in mitigating climate change impacts, offering a pathway toward sustainable construction and energy efficiency.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indoor environment and user perceptions in offices in Greenland compared to Denmark","authors":"Emilie Patricia Dam-Krogh, Geo Clausen, Jørn Toftum","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.110875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2024.110875","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the Greenlandic building stock comprises residential houses and apartments. Consequently, the indoor environment in Greenlandic office buildings has not been subject to wide-ranging investigations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the indoor environment in office buildings in Greenland and to characterise the buildings, their indoor environment, and occupant well-being, health and self-assessed performance. This was done through a post occupancy evaluation (POE), where 22 office buildings, including 70 offices in Nuuk and Sisimiut, were evaluated based on indoor environment measurements and questionnaires of occupants' perceived indoor environment. This was compared with data and results from a related study in office buildings in Denmark (26 office buildings, including 83 offices) collected in the same period. The Danish office buildings performed slightly better than the Greenlandic office buildings regarding the perceived indoor environment. The measured indoor environment differed in performance between the countries when benchmarking towards the requirements and guidelines of the Danish Working Environment Authority (DWEA). It was concluded that the office buildings in Greenland did not differ much from the office buildings in Denmark regarding the measured and perceived indoor environment.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}