Journal of building engineering最新文献_第10页

Tensile Strength Determination and Crack Propagation in Cementitious Building Materials: A Novel Hourglass Test Method with Experimental Validation and DEM Simulation 胶结建筑材料的抗拉强度测定与裂纹扩展：一种新型沙漏试验方法及实验验证与DEM模拟

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2026-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2026.117463

Jinwei Fu, Hadi Haeri, Vahab Sarfarazi, Mohammad Saeed Amini, Saeid Ansari Delshad

{"title":"Tensile Strength Determination and Crack Propagation in Cementitious Building Materials: A Novel Hourglass Test Method with Experimental Validation and DEM Simulation","authors":"Jinwei Fu, Hadi Haeri, Vahab Sarfarazi, Mohammad Saeed Amini, Saeid Ansari Delshad","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2026.117463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2026.117463","url":null,"abstract":"Reliable determination of tensile strength is essential for understanding cracking and failure in cementitious building materials. This study presents a novel hourglass-based compression-to-tension load-transformation method for tensile strength determination by applying compressive loading to induce tensile stresses within a reduced central bridge section. Hourglass-shaped specimens were prepared and tested using a uniaxial loading frame. Two stainless-steel cylinders positioned in recessed corners transformed the applied compressive load into a tensile force acting across the central bridge. Experimental investigations were conducted on gypsum and cementitious specimens to evaluate the repeatability of the proposed method. Tensile strength was calculated based on the tensile force transferred to the central bridge and its cross-sectional area. For comparison, conventional Brazilian tensile strength (BTS) tests were also performed. In parallel, discrete element method (DEM) simulations were carried out to reproduce the mechanical response and failure behavior of the specimens. The results showed that the proposed configuration concentrated tensile stresses within the bridge region and promoted the formation of smooth tensile fracture surfaces. The tensile strengths obtained from the hourglass tests were 11.1% and 16.7% lower than those measured by the BTS method for gypsum and grout, respectively. DEM simulations successfully reproduced the observed stress concentration, crack propagation along the loading axis, and ultimate bridge failure. Good agreement was obtained between the numerical simulations and experimental observations. The proposed hourglass test provides a practical approach for tensile strength determination and fracture assessment of cementitious materials used in building construction.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental, simulation, and optimization studies on the thermal performance of precast concrete sandwich walls with VIP insulation layer VIP保温层预制混凝土夹芯墙热工性能试验、模拟与优化研究

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2026-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2026.117442

Xiao Li, Guochang Li, Runze Liu, Wencheng Xia

{"title":"Experimental, simulation, and optimization studies on the thermal performance of precast concrete sandwich walls with VIP insulation layer","authors":"Xiao Li, Guochang Li, Runze Liu, Wencheng Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2026.117442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2026.117442","url":null,"abstract":"The high thermal insulation precast concrete sandwich walls with vacuum-insulated panels (PCS-VIPs walls) present significant opportunities and challenges, owing to energy shortages and climate change. This paper uses a calibrated and guarded hot box method, a total of 12 PCS-VIPs specimens were tested to evaluate their thermal properties. Numerical simulation models were established to investigate the heat transmission mechanisms of the PCS-VIPs walls. The experimental results demonstrate that, compared with conventional PCS walls, the PCS-VIPs wall exhibits a maximum 36% increase in thermal performance, a 42% reduction in insulation layer thickness, and a 50% decrease in wall mass. Within the tested insulation layer thickness range (60-110 mm), the thermal transmittance (U-value) of PCS-VIPs walls varies between 0.235 and 0.402 W/(m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>·°C), proving their high thermal performance. Additionally, combining GFRP connectors and PCS-VIPs walls represents the preferred configuration for enhancing thermal performance compared with those employing other connector types. Through optimization, a PCS-VIPs wall, consisting of two 20 mm layers of polyurethane protective cladding with a 20 mm-thick VIP insulation layer, exhibits a U-value of 0.235 W/(m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>·°C), and a wall thickness reduced to 180 mm. Furthermore, an increase in the VIP layer to 50 mm results in the U-value reaching a minimum of 0.131 W/(m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>·°C), denoting the optimal thermal performance state. These findings demonstrate that PCS-VIPs walls represent a significant advancement over conventional PCS walls, offering the dual advantages of high thermal behaviour and reduced wall thickness, making PCS-VIPs walls highly suitable for buildings in severe cold areas.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"18 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preparation and Reaction Mechanism of Ambient-Cured Silico-Aluminate Phosphate Geopolymer Modified by Magnesium Oxide 氧化镁改性环境固化磷酸硅铝酸盐地聚合物的制备及其反应机理

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2026-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2026.117456

Hui Lin, Jianhang Hu, Xiongfei Liu, Jiale Shen, Yue Li

引用次数: 0

The Role of Bioreceptivity in Material Selection for Cultural Heritage Restoration: A Case Study of the Granitic Roof of Santiago de Compostela Cathedral (NW Spain) 生物接受性在文物修复材料选择中的作用——以西班牙圣地亚哥德孔波斯特拉大教堂花岗岩屋顶为例

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2026-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2026.117464

Elsa Fuentes, Diana Pérez-Velón, Javier Cancelo-González, Beatriz Prieto

引用次数: 0

Real-time Calibration of HVAC Digital Twins via Spatio-Temporal Graph Reinforcement Learning under Partial Observability 部分可观测条件下基于时空图强化学习的HVAC数字孪生实时标定

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2026-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2026.117440

Minjun Cho, Young-Jin Kang, Soonyong Choi, Noma Park, Yoojeong Noh

{"title":"Real-time Calibration of HVAC Digital Twins via Spatio-Temporal Graph Reinforcement Learning under Partial Observability","authors":"Minjun Cho, Young-Jin Kang, Soonyong Choi, Noma Park, Yoojeong Noh","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2026.117440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2026.117440","url":null,"abstract":"High-fidelity simulation models, or digital twins, are essential for optimizing heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. However, static physics-based models are limited in capturing dynamic thermodynamic interactions, and traditional numerical calibration methods are often too computationally demanding for real-time applications. To address this gap, this study proposes a calibration coefficient optimization framework based on spatio-temporal graph reinforcement learning within a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) formulation. Unlike conventional approaches that treat sensor data as independent vectors, the proposed method constructs a spatio-temporal graph to explicitly represent the physical topology and thermodynamic dependencies of multi-zone HVAC units. This structure enables the learning-based agent to infer latent system states from limited sensor observations. Experiments on a real-world multi-zone HVAC system show that the proposed framework approaches the calibration accuracy of an offline global-search reference while enabling near-instantaneous inference. The proposed method maintains stable performance under rapid load fluctuations and unseen environmental conditions, supporting its potential for real-time digital-twin calibration in practical HVAC applications.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel coupled DEM-PCG model for electromechanical behavior of conductive cementitious composites 导电胶凝复合材料机电性能的新型耦合DEM-PCG模型

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2026-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2026.117458

Chunzhi Mao, Annan Zhou, Haiyang Zhao

{"title":"A novel coupled DEM-PCG model for electromechanical behavior of conductive cementitious composites","authors":"Chunzhi Mao, Annan Zhou, Haiyang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2026.117458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2026.117458","url":null,"abstract":"As self-sensing materials for crack detection and structural health monitoring, conductive cementitious composites have attracted increasing attention. However, the mesoscale evolution of conductive network connectivity and internal electrical field redistribution during cracking remains insufficiently understood. Therefore, this study develops a coupled discrete element method (DEM) and preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) model for carbon black-modified cementitious composites. The resistor network is constructed from the packing structure and dynamically updated with particle deformation and bond failure, while the nodal electric potential field is solved using the PCG method. The model is validated against experimental results and subsequently applied to analyze crack evolution, resistance variation, and electrical-field redistribution. The results reveal a three-stage electromechanical response. Initial compression enhances electrical connectivity, causing slight decreases in resistivity and fractional change in resistivity (FCR). During pre-peak damage development, distributed microdamage progressively disturbs conductive pathways and leads to a moderate increase in resistivity. After peak stress, crack localization and coalescence severely degrade the conductive network, causing resistivity to increase from approximately 5.27 to 34.98 Ω·m and FCR to reach 670.35%. Additionally, the network degradation markedly redistributes the electric potential field, intensifies local bond potential differences near cracks, and concentrates current along a reduced number of residual conductive pathways. These results establish a quantitative link between crack evolution, local electrical redistribution, and macroscopic resistivity, providing numerical insights for damage assessment and crack detection in self-sensing cementitious materials used in building and infrastructure monitoring.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Low-exothermic in situ polymerization of sodium methacrylate for enhanced mechanical performance of cementitious composites 甲基丙烯酸钠原位低放热聚合提高胶凝复合材料力学性能

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2026-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2026.117459

Xuncong Gong, Qiao Wang, Wei Zhou, Xiaolin Chang, Yue Cao

{"title":"Low-exothermic in situ polymerization of sodium methacrylate for enhanced mechanical performance of cementitious composites","authors":"Xuncong Gong, Qiao Wang, Wei Zhou, Xiaolin Chang, Yue Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2026.117459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2026.117459","url":null,"abstract":"In-situ polymerization has attracted increasing attention for modifying cement-based materials. However, commonly used polymer monomers often exhibit excessive polymerization heat release, which may induce thermal stress and limit their application. Therefore, this study introduces sodium methacrylate as a low-exothermic monomer for in-situ polymerization modification of cementitious composites. The effects of SMA dosage on workability, thermal behavior, and mechanical properties were systematically investigated. At a water-to-cement ratio of 0.33, the flowability increased by 40.2% at an SMA dosage of 8% relative to the unmodified sample. The sodium methacrylate in-situ polymerization system exhibited significantly lower polymerization-induced heat release than the acrylamide-based system, with the additional temperature increase remaining below 4 °C relative to the control sample, which is beneficial for reducing potential thermal stress during curing. After 28 days of curing, the compressive strength increased by 13.2%, while the flexural strength and flexural energy increased by 43.8% and 121.7%, respectively. Microstructural analysis revealed that in-situ polymerization formed a polymer network that refined the pore structure and contributed to the formation of an organic–inorganic interpenetrating network within the cement matrix. However, excessive monomer dosage hindered cement hydration and reduced compressive strength. Overall, SMA-based in-situ polymerization provides a promising strategy for simultaneously enhancing mechanical performance and reducing polymerization-induced thermal effects in cementitious materials.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"243 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Smart Fluorine-free Nanocomposite Protective Coatings for Mitigating Water Ingress and Service Life Extension of Fly Ash Concrete 智能无氟纳米复合防护涂料在粉煤灰混凝土中的应用

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2026-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2026.117447

Sahita Karmakar, Young-Nam Kwon, Saikat Sinha Ray

{"title":"Smart Fluorine-free Nanocomposite Protective Coatings for Mitigating Water Ingress and Service Life Extension of Fly Ash Concrete","authors":"Sahita Karmakar, Young-Nam Kwon, Saikat Sinha Ray","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2026.117447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2026.117447","url":null,"abstract":"Concrete, renowned for its robustness and longevity in the construction sector, is susceptible to strength degradation from water infiltration. One of the inherent drawbacks of concrete is its susceptibility to environmental causes like water infiltration, freeze-thaw cycles, and chemical attacks. Superhydrophobic coatings with self-cleaning, corrosion resistance, drag-reduction, anti-fogging, and anti-icing properties are making them suitable for various application fields. Developing functional, fluorine-free superhydrophobic surfaces is essential to comply with environmental regulations and safeguard architecture. The present study demonstrates the effectiveness of a novel, durable, fluorine-free superhydrophobic nanocomposite coating based on Al<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> nanoparticles and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) for protecting fly ash concrete surfaces. The coating was prepared through a simple sol-gel method and spray coating technique was used to apply it. This created hierarchical micro or nanostructures with low-surface-energy methyl groups, which in turn lead to an increased water contact angle (CA) of 153<ce:sup loc=\"post\">0</ce:sup> and a decreased sliding angle (SA) of 6<ce:sup loc=\"post\">0</ce:sup>. Synthesis and surface modification of the fluorine-free nanocomposite coating were conducted through comprehensive characterization techniques, including contact angle measurements, particle size analysis, SEM, XRD, FTIR and XPS. Performance evaluation through water absorption, surface penetration, wet–dry cycling, acid resistance, droplet impact, and abrasion tests demonstrated significantly improved durability and mechanical robustness compared to untreated samples. The coating maintains stability under harsh environmental conditions, indicating strong adhesion and long-term effectiveness. These findings can support the preservation of the durability and efficiency of different fly ash concrete materials over time.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"143 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of multi-modified material on mechanical properties and freeze-thaw resistance of natural hydraulic lime-metakaolin composites for stone relics conservation 多种改性材料对石质文物保护用天然水工石灰-偏高岭土复合材料力学性能及抗冻融性能的影响

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2026-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2026.117465

Fan Liu, Haitao Yan, Yi Wang, Jinhua Wang, Shaojun Liu

{"title":"Effect of multi-modified material on mechanical properties and freeze-thaw resistance of natural hydraulic lime-metakaolin composites for stone relics conservation","authors":"Fan Liu, Haitao Yan, Yi Wang, Jinhua Wang, Shaojun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2026.117465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2026.117465","url":null,"abstract":"Limitations of natural hydraulic lime-metakaolin (NHL-MK) composites to their extensive application in cultural heritage restoration and consolidation stem from the difficulty in simultaneously achieving moderate strength, adequate toughness, and sufficient freeze-thaw resistance. This can be tailored and improved by doping carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nano-silica (NS), calcium carbonate whisker (CW), basalt fiber (BF), and glutinous rice slurry (GR). Optimal compressive and flexural strengths of 27.18 MPa and 5.97 MPa were achieved with 0.05 wt% CNTs, 2 wt% NS, and 2% GR after 160 days of curing, respectively. Flexural strength increased by 28.39% over the unmodified composite, along with a corresponding reduction in the compression-flexure ratio from 5.78 to 4.56. After 80 freeze-thaw cycles, the compressive strength loss rate of the composites with additives was only 14.33%, demonstrating excellent freeze-thaw resistance. This could be attributed to nucleation effects, nano-filling, bridging, and crack deflection. CNTs and NS likely promote hydration, pozzolanic reactions, and pore structure refinement, while GR appears to enhance the interfacial bonding through hydrogen bonds. The modified pore structure and phase composition of the NHL-MK composites, achieved by adding CNTs, NS, and GR, are responsible for the concurrent enhancement and effective balance of mechanical properties and freeze-thaw resistance. This work demonstrates a viable multi-component design approach to engineer NHL-MK composites with a superior balance of mechanical properties and freeze-thaw resistance, making them more suitable as conservation materials for outdoor stone relics in cold and dry environments.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Natural, Recycled and Synthetic Fibre for Insulation Materials: Fire-Effluent Toxicity and Potential Biosusceptibility 用于绝缘材料的天然、再生和合成纤维：火排放毒性和潜在的生物敏感性

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2026-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2026.117422

Carlo Andreazza, Manuela Neri, Jan Kašpar, Luis Dias, Giacomo Boer, Giovanni Maria Gaborin

{"title":"Natural, Recycled and Synthetic Fibre for Insulation Materials: Fire-Effluent Toxicity and Potential Biosusceptibility","authors":"Carlo Andreazza, Manuela Neri, Jan Kašpar, Luis Dias, Giacomo Boer, Giovanni Maria Gaborin","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2026.117422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2026.117422","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the fire-related aspects and biosusceptibility of insulation materials based on natural fibres, recycled textile fibres, polyester, polyurethane, part of which has been treated with a commercial flame retardant. As regards fire response, the analysis goes beyond current regulatory requirements: although the materials have already been evaluated according to existing fire-reaction standards, the aim here is to assess the toxicity of fire effluents that is not addressed by current fire tests. Toxic gas production was quantified using Temperature-Programmed Oxidation (TPO) coupled with FT-IR spectroscopy, and toxic potency was assessed through Fractional Effective Dose (FED) models for lethality and incapacitation. Natural-fibre materials exhibited self-ignition between 450–500 °C, while recycled fibres and polyester underwent non-flaming oxidative decomposition. The influence of a given amount of insulation material installed inside an enclosed space (50 m3) on the interdiction time was also evaluated. Polyurethane foam showed the highest toxic potency due to substantial HCN formation, whereas polyester generated the lowest acute hazard in a 50 m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup> room scenario (predicted incapacitation times: 6–19 min). Biosusceptibility was evaluated through optical microscopy, FEG-SEM imaging, SEM–EDS microanalysis and water absorption tests to characterise fibre morphology, porosity and elemental composition. Results indicate that natural fibres show a higher potential susceptibility and polymer-rich materials a lower one.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0