Journal of building engineering最新文献

{"title":"Preparation of carbon capture coating for concrete from γ-C2S and styrene-acrylic copolymer latex","authors":"Yunchao Liang, Peng Liu, Yunpeng Liu, Zhaohua Xia, Chuanlin Hu, Zhichao Liu, Fazhou Wang, Shuguang Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113928","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced coating technologies enhance the durability of building materials, reducing maintenance frequency and carbon emissions. This study develops a novel inorganic coating that can enhance the longevity of concrete structures through the reaction of the carbonatable binder (γ-C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>S) with CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>. Results show that adding 12 % styrene-acrylic copolymer latex (SA) into the coating mix optimizes the particle size distribution of the carbonated finished coating (CFC) and achieves a maximum adhesive strength of 4.21 MPa. SEM analysis reveals a glossy organic film on the CFC surface, which overlays an inorganic support layer composed of interconnected spherical and needle-like CaCO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> particles. During carbonation, the CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> uptake during carbonation was 57 %, and two CaCO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> polymorphs (calcite and vaterite) were formed. Additionally, nano-indentation tests indicate that the mechanical properties of the CFC are primarily governed by the inorganic phase. The presence of SA promotes the lateral growth of carbonation products, resulting in a smoother coating texture. This SA-modified CFC based on γ-C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>S shows promise as an eco-friendly inorganic coating for construction applications.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144927992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale enhancing mechanism of CO2 sequestration on mechanical properties of steel fiber reinforced recycled cementitious composites","authors":"Changqing Wang, Jiaqi Jiao, Zhiming Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113904","url":null,"abstract":"This study systematically elucidates the multiscale synergistic mechanisms of CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> carbonation and steel fiber reinforcement in recycled cementitious composites (RCCs). Accelerated carbonation facilitates CaCO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> precipitation and densification within the interfacial transition zone (ITZ), thereby enhancing the microstructural integrity of the composites. The incorporation of micro-steel fibers further improves toughness and crack control, significantly altering crack propagation paths and morphology. Using in-situ CT imaging and quantitative analysis, this research reveals that carbonation markedly reduces pore connectivity and refines the distribution of cracks, while fiber bridging effects delay structural failure and optimize damage evolution. The results demonstrate that with appropriate fiber dosage and carbonation treatment, the mechanical strength, toughness, and CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> sequestration capacity of RCCs are all significantly improved, accompanied by notable inhibition of crack development and substantial gains in material compactness and durability. The underlying microstructural mechanisms uncovered in this work provide valuable theoretical guidance for the performance optimization and engineering application of RCCs, supporting the development of high-performance, durable, and low-carbon construction materials.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144927993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance analysis and optimisation of solar hybrid ground source heat pump system for nearly zero-energy building in severely cold regions","authors":"Huihong Cao,&nbsp;Xin Liu,&nbsp;Guohui Feng,&nbsp;Kailiang Huang,&nbsp;Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Qihai Sun,&nbsp;Xiaotong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to explore the path to achieve zero-energy operation of building by optimising the energy system. Based on the existing ground source heat pump system (GSHP) in nearly zero-energy building, solar thermal and solar photovoltaic thermal technologies were used to establish a solar collector hybrid ground source heat pump system (SC + GSHP) and a photovoltaic thermal hybrid ground source heat pump system (PVT + GSHP). A comparative analysis of the three energy supply systems in terms of technology, environment, and economy was performed. To achieve the goal of zero-energy in the building, the PVT + GSHP system was used as the basis for additional PV panels. A single-criterion optimisation scheme for the annual power generation (APG), annual carbon emissions (ACE), and life cycle cost (LCC) was constructed to further analyse the zero-energy potential of the building under different optimisation schemes combined with TRNSYS and GENOPT. The results show that the PVT + GSHP system increased the average soil temperature by 0.1 °C after 10 years of operation. Moreover, the ACE was 7359 kg. Compared with the GSHP system, the LCC of the PVT + GSHP system decreased by 7.2 %. After optimising the PVT + GSHP system with added PV, the optimal ACE and LCC reduced by 50.7 % and 31.0 %, respectively. Additionally, the optimal APG was 13,814 kWh. Among these, the optimisation scheme for ACE displayed the maximum potential for zero-energy (86.78 %). Thus, this study can provide a reference basis for different stakeholders to design renewable energy systems and achieve zero-energy operation of buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"113 ","pages":"Article 113763"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydration characteristics of full-solid-waste cementitious material using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and compressive strength prediction model","authors":"Rongrong Feng, Changwang Yan, Ju Zhang, Xiaowei Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113937","url":null,"abstract":"The conventional production of Portland cement is associated with high energy consumption and substantial CO&lt;ce:inf loc=\"post\"&gt;2&lt;/ce:inf&gt; emissions. The utilization of solid waste for the preparation of cementitious materials has emerged as a prominent research focus in the field of civil engineering. The fabrication and systematic characterization of full – solid - waste cementitious material (FSWCM) using desulfurization gypsum (DG), coal gangue (CG) and carbide slag (CS) were investigated in this study. The hydration degree of FSWCM was evaluated through the analysis of hydration heat, hydration products and chemically bound water. The compressive strength (CSS) of FSWCM was also evaluated. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was employed to examine the evolution of impedance parameters in FSWCM, and the correlation between these parameters and the hydration process was explored. Four machine learning algorithms were applied to predict the CSS of the solid waste-based cementitious materials. A comparative analysis was conducted between the energy consumption and carbon emissions associated with the production of FSWCM and those of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The results indicate that the primary mineral phases in FSWCM are calcium sulfate (CaSO&lt;ce:inf loc=\"post\"&gt;4&lt;/ce:inf&gt;), dicalcium silicate (C&lt;ce:inf loc=\"post\"&gt;2&lt;/ce:inf&gt;S), and calcium sulfoaluminate (&lt;mml:math altimg=\"si1.svg\"&gt;&lt;mml:mrow&gt;&lt;mml:msub&gt;&lt;mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;C&lt;/mml:mi&gt;&lt;mml:mn&gt;4&lt;/mml:mn&gt;&lt;/mml:msub&gt;&lt;mml:msub&gt;&lt;mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;A&lt;/mml:mi&gt;&lt;mml:mn&gt;3&lt;/mml:mn&gt;&lt;/mml:msub&gt;&lt;mml:mover accent=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;S&lt;/mml:mi&gt;&lt;mml:mo&gt;‾&lt;/mml:mo&gt;&lt;/mml:mover&gt;&lt;/mml:mrow&gt;&lt;/mml:math&gt;). The hydration of &lt;mml:math altimg=\"si1.svg\"&gt;&lt;mml:mrow&gt;&lt;mml:msub&gt;&lt;mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;C&lt;/mml:mi&gt;&lt;mml:mn&gt;4&lt;/mml:mn&gt;&lt;/mml:msub&gt;&lt;mml:msub&gt;&lt;mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;A&lt;/mml:mi&gt;&lt;mml:mn&gt;3&lt;/mml:mn&gt;&lt;/mml:msub&gt;&lt;mml:mover accent=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;S&lt;/mml:mi&gt;&lt;mml:mo&gt;‾&lt;/mml:mo&gt;&lt;/mml:mover&gt;&lt;/mml:mrow&gt;&lt;/mml:math&gt; contributes to early strength development, while the hydration of C&lt;ce:inf loc=\"post\"&gt;2&lt;/ce:inf&gt;S enhances long-term strength. The maximum CSS of FSWCM reached 67.9 MPa. The impedance parameters charge transfer resistance (&lt;ce:italic&gt;R&lt;/ce:italic&gt;&lt;ce:inf loc=\"post\"&gt;ct1&lt;/ce:inf&gt;) and pore solution resistance (&lt;ce:italic&gt;R&lt;/ce:italic&gt;&lt;ce:inf loc=\"post\"&gt;s&lt;/ce:inf&gt;) increased progressively with hydration age, whereas the constant phase element (&lt;ce:italic&gt;CPE&lt;/ce:italic&gt;) decreased over time. The XGBoost demonstrated the highest prediction accuracy for CSS. The production of FSWCM resulted in a significant reduction of 54 % in carbon emissions and a 13 % decrease in energy consumption compared to OPC. The fast-setting and early-strength characteristics of FSWCM offer a novel pathway for the resourceful utilization of solid waste in the production of cementitious materials, while also providing a theoretical foundation for the application of solid waste-base","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144928031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on socket depth of prefabricated assembly CFST column-beam joints by cyclic load test","authors":"Guangda Zhang, Chengming Yang, Zhixin Zhu, Li Xu, Qiang Han, Liang Zhou, Shengqiao Xu, Xiuli Du","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113884","url":null,"abstract":"Socket connections have been widely used as one of the most effective connection methods for precast columns and adjacent members. To expand the application of socket connections, a novel concrete-encased concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) column-cap beam socket joints with Ultra High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) grouting is proposed in this study. Quasi-static tests are performed on concrete-encased CFST column-cap beam socket joints with various socket depths to investigate their seismic performance and reliability. Numerical models are also established and verified based on experimental results to further extend the research specimens. Additionally, a calculation model for the socket joints is developed. The research results indicate that the proposed socket joint exhibits excellent seismic performance, which is established through analyses of its lateral load capacity, energy dissipation capacity, stiffness degradation, and failure modes. Furthermore, numerical models are effectively employed to simulate the hysteretic behavior and damage progression of the socket column-cap beam joints with a high degree of accuracy. When comparing the developed calculation model with experimental and numerical results, it becomes evident that the model can reliably predict the joint’s lateral load capacity, making it suitable for the preliminary seismic design of these innovative socket joints.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144928084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of sulfate corrosion-dry–wet cycle resistance in concrete incorporating heterogeneous recycled brick/stone coarse aggregates","authors":"Zequan Xu, Shiyuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113931","url":null,"abstract":"Adding different recycled aggregates in concrete may lead to variations in structural properties, making it essential to consider their durability for practical applications, especially in the complex service environment. This study evaluates the degradation behavior of recycled mixed brick/stone aggregate concrete (M-RAC) and recycled stone aggregate concrete (S-RAC) under sulfate corrosion-dry-wet cycles (SCDWCs). The mechanical performance was monitored using uniaxial compression tests with Digital Image Correlation (DIC), while pore structure and microstructural changes were assessed through Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that M-RAC exhibited a 1.56 MPa strength loss after 30 cycles, approximately 4.5 times that of S-RAC. DIC analysis revealed earlier crack initiation, larger crack areas, and fewer crack paths in M-RAC. MIP results indicated a 30 % higher proportion of harmful pores in M-RAC after 30 cycles, and XRD confirmed more intense ettringite formation. SEM further showed a wider interfacial transition zone in M-RAC. These findings demonstrate that the presence of brick aggregates accelerates degradation by increasing porosity and facilitating sulfate ingress. This work provides valuable guidance for evaluating recycled aggregate quality and highlights the need for caution when using brick-containing RCAs in sulfate-rich environments such as coastal regions and saline soils.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144928085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-parameters prediction of concrete failure behavior subjected to high impact load based on deep learning","authors":"Zihan Chen, Jianqiao Li, Jianguo Ning, Xiangzhao Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113824","url":null,"abstract":"Predicting the failure behavior of concrete under high-impact loads is a key topic in civil engineering. Existing methods are often limited to forward prediction (from load to failure) and typically predict a single parameter, neglecting the critical need for reverse, multi-parameter prediction. To address these gaps, this study develops a novel deep learning model, the RANP (Residual Attention Network with Pinball Loss), for multi-directional prediction. The model integrates residual connections and a multi-head self-attention mechanism to capture complex nonlinear relationships, and incorporates the Pinball loss function to extend predictions from single points to confidence intervals. Results demonstrate the superior performance of the RANP model. In multi-parameter reverse prediction tasks, the RANP achieved high accuracy with average Adjusted R<mml:math altimg=\"si95.svg\" display=\"inline\"><mml:msup><mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math> values over 0.95, significantly outperforming baseline models. Furthermore, a “pre-training and fine-tuning” framework enhances its adaptability to various tasks. By enabling high-precision, multi-directional, and multi-parameter prediction with uncertainty quantification, the RANP model provides a robust and comprehensive tool for concrete failure analysis and disaster inversion.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144927995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering properties of magnesium phosphate cement lunar soil concrete under vacuum conditions and its 3D printing application for lunar dome model","authors":"Libo Lyu, Weihong Li, Yongjie Deng, Qiuchun Yu, Haiyan Ma, Hongfa Yu, Lingyu Li, Haosong Xuan, Honglei Zhang, Mingyang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113929","url":null,"abstract":"To tackle the extreme environmental challenges and sustainable extraterrestrial construction material supply issues for lunar base development, this study fabricated a magnesium phosphate cement-based lunar soil concrete (L-MPC-LSC) following in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) principles and integrated it with 3D printing construction technology. This paper investigates the effects of lunar soil (LS) content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of L-MPC-LSC under both standard atmospheric and simulated lunar vacuum conditions, while evaluating the engineering feasibility of 3D-printed lunar dome model for lunar surface construction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show that LS enhances the mechanical properties of L-MPC-LSC by simultaneously modulating Dittmarite and K-struvite crystallization with providing a micro-aggregate packing effect. When the lunar-soil-to-magnesium-oxide mass ratio (LS/M) ranged from 0 to 3, Dittmarite crystals dropped from 42.43 % to zero. K-struvite crystals first increased and then decreased, peaking at 45.80 %. the changes in the microstructure lead to a nonlinear increase in the contribution rate of LS to the compressive strength of the material (67.9 %–77.3 %). Vacuum curing caused rapid dehydration, reduced K-struvite crystals, greater porosity, and 19–52 % strength loss, yet the LS/M = 3 specimen still achieved 4.1 MPa after three days—surpassing the minimum requirement for lunar-base structures and yielding 60 % ISRU. Printing trials with a lunar dome model confirmed excellent printability and the feasibility of robot-assisted construction, offering an integrated material-structure-process solution for future lunar habitats.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144928034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic fire incapacitation models: Integrating the impact of heat, asphyxiant gases, and irritant gases","authors":"Feze Golshani, Liping Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113924","url":null,"abstract":"Although fire effluents have a more severe combined impact, studies typically assess them individually using deterministic models, ignoring irritant gases. This study develops two probabilistic fire incapacitation models integrating the impact of heat, asphyxiant gases, and irritant gases. It incorporates fire dynamics simulation, the fractional effective dose, and the fractional irritant concentration models. The study contributes to the field by: (1) developing probabilistic incapacitation models that facilitate transitions from deterministic models to probabilistic approaches; (2) introducing models that integrate the impact of fire effluents; (3) evaluating spatiotemporal probability of incapacitation; and (4) assessing the fire impact on evacuees’ health regarding incapacitation probability. An educational building case study demonstrates excluding irritant gases underestimates fire impact. The proposed models yield higher incapacitation probabilities (96.667% and 94.239%) than the existing model (93.998%) for a point near the fire source at 400 s, underscoring the importance of incorporating irritant gases into fire impact assessments.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144927996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of mechanical and impact resistance of LC3-based low-carbon cement composites under the control of fly ash and PP fiber","authors":"Dazhao Sun, Xiang Fan, Fan Ding, Rui Wu, Yixian Wang, Yongli Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113920","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid advancement of global infrastructure construction, the issues of high carbon emissions and brittleness in conventional concrete materials have become increasingly prominent, necessitating the development of new construction materials that combine high toughness, low carbon emissions, and environmental sustainability. This study aims to develop a low-carbon engineered cementitious composite (ECC) based on limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) and polypropylene (PP) fibers, with the objective of reducing both carbon emissions and production costs associated with conventional ECC. The flowability, compressive strength, flexural strength, impact resistance, and environmental impact of the low-carbon ECC were systematically investigated by varying the LC3-to-fly ash (FA) ratio and incorporating PP fibers of different lengths. The results indicated that the fluidity of the ECC slurry initially increased and then decreased with the increasing FA content, while the incorporation of 19 mm PP fibers significantly reduced the slurry's fluidity. The compressive strength of the LC3-based ECC reached 66.23 MPa, and its flexural strength was 14.98 MPa at a 35 % FA substitution rate, demonstrating excellent static mechanical properties. Flexural tests revealed that the incorporation of 35 % FA and 19 mm PP fibers significantly enhanced the flexural toughness of the material. Tensile tests showed that all mixtures exhibited typical three-stage ECC behavior—elastic deformation, strain hardening, and strain localization. The incorporation of 35 % FA notably enhanced the tensile performance, with the maximum tensile strength. Additionally, the material with a 20 % FA substitution rate demonstrated good impact resistance, withstanding 425 impact damages. The number of impacts at various failure probabilities was predicted using the Weibull distribution model. A comprehensive evaluation based on radar charts found that the combination of 19 mm PP fibers with 35 % FA showed the optimum overall performance. The low-carbon ECC materials developed based on LC3 meet the mechanical requirements for engineering applications and offer a significant reduction in carbon emissions by decreasing cement consumption and lowering calcination energy requirements, thereby providing a feasible carbon reduction pathway for the sustainable development of the cement industry.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144927997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}