Journal of building engineering最新文献

{"title":"Biaxial compression-shear behavior of SAP-PVA enhanced Concrete: Experiments and analysis","authors":"Faxiang Xie ,&nbsp;Tianliang Chang ,&nbsp;Geni Kuang ,&nbsp;Liguo Sun ,&nbsp;Lan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Incorporating Super Absorbent Polymers (SAP) into concrete reduces early-age cracking but also decreases its tensile strength, while the addition of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) improves both tensile strength and crack resistance. To investigate the compression-shear (CS) performance of SAP-PVA concrete, this study proposes a tri-linear shear slip model to predict mechanical behavior under CS loading. A series of CS tests were conducted on 75 SAP-PVA concrete specimens subjected to varying axial pressure ratios, leading to the development of a biaxial constitutive model. The CS process was divided into five distinct phases, and analytical expressions for shear load-displacement and interface shear stress were derived for each phase using the governing equations.</div><div>A nonlinear inverse analysis procedure, based on the least squares method, was applied to experimental data across varying axial pressure ratios. Results showed that calculated shear peak loads closely matched experimental data, with errors under 1 %, confirming the model's accuracy.</div><div>Parameter analysis of slip-stress model was conducted further. The inverse analysis results for different conditions showed parameter ranges as follows: <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>δ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>: 0.35 mm–0.96 mm; <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>δ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>: 1.26 mm–3.18 mm; <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>τ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>: 5.31 MPa–16.3 MPa; <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>τ</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>: 1.25 MPa–9.58 MPa. This study presents a novel CS analysis method, providing a clearer understanding of concrete's mechanical response under CS loads. The proposed model was validated through CS tests on SAP-PVA, SAP, and Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC), demonstrating its reliability and broad applicability. Simple CS tests can determine CS constitutive parameters, offering insights for practical engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 112833"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable earthen plasters: surface resistance enhancement via thermal treatments","authors":"Marta Cappai ,&nbsp;Giorgio Pia","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The construction sector contributes approximately 37 % of global embodied carbon from materials. Earth-based materials offer a more sustainable alternative, and using recycled aggregates as sand substitutes further reduces environmental impact by limiting raw material extraction. However, these materials are often vulnerable to erosion and water action. This study investigates low-temperature thermal treatments (200–600 °C) of 10 and 60 min and bio-based polymer coatings to enhance the durability of clay-based mixtures with recycled aggregates. Treatments at 500–600 °C significantly improved resistance, with short treatments at 600 °C performing comparably to longer ones. In contrast, bio-based coatings were less effective due to superficial application and film discontinuities. Results highlight the potential of in situ thermal stabilization as a sustainable and efficient method to improve the durability of earthen construction materials and promote their use as a viable alternative in sustainable building practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 112867"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of alkali-activated binder as an alternative for bio-based materials manufacturing","authors":"Laila Benbahloul ,&nbsp;Jonathan Page ,&nbsp;Chafika Djelal ,&nbsp;Mohamed Waqif ,&nbsp;Latifa Saâdi","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bio-based materials are being used increasingly widely in construction, owing to their favorable thermal and acoustic performances. The aim of this study is to assess the potential of an alkali-activated binder for the production of Compact Bio-based Blocks (CBB) based on flax shives, for use as thermal insulation in construction. A preliminary study was conducted on the formulation of alkali-activated binders using Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS), Metakaolin (MK) and sodium silicate. Such binders are characterized by high compressive strength at a young age, and short setting times. The alkali-activated binders were mixed with flax shives in order to make up the CBBs. The study was carried out on mixture with two different dry apparent density values, with differing Shive/Binder ratios, and two different curing protocols. The parameters studied include the dry apparent density, compressive strength, thermal conductivity and moisture buffer value (MBV). The results indicate that the produced blocks exhibit a bulk density ranging from 360 to 520 kg/m³, a compressive strength between 0.5 and 1.1 MPa, a thermal conductivity varying between 0.11 and 0.13 W/(m.K), and an MBV value greater than 2 g/(m².%RH). Increasing the Shive/Binder ratio leads to higher intergranular porosity (i.e. the porosity between the particles). This results in reduced apparent density, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity, while enhancing moisture buffering capacity. A linear correlation was observed between thermal insulation and humidity-regulating capacity, ensuring comfortable conditions inside the building. Accelerated curing at 60 °C for a period of 24 h leads to rapid setting and improved mechanical strength in the completed CBBs. Owing to their short setting time and their capacity to develop strength at young ages, the alkali-activated binders produced in this study can be considered a promising alternative to replace the binders typically used in bio-based building blocks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 112868"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on alkali resistance, antibacterial properties, and pore structure optimization of cement-based materials reinforced with waste glass fiber powder modified by TA-Fe coating","authors":"Qin Xin ,&nbsp;Houde Zhang ,&nbsp;Zijun Zhan ,&nbsp;Guowei Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a green modification process based on iron-based coordination chemistry was developed to address the interfacial stability and durability problems faced by recycled glass fibers in cement mortar applications. By constructing a TA-Fe³⁺ metal-organic complexation system, a nanoscale protective layer with multiple coordination bonds was formed on the surface of glass fibers (GFs), which realized the enhancement of alkali and antimicrobial resistance. The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and brunner emmett teller (BET) showed that the composite coating achieved the charge remodeling of hydroxyl groups on the surface of the fibers and the micro and nanoscale rough structure construction, which enhanced the chemical cross-linking between fibers and mortar. The results of alkali resistance test and antimicrobial test showed that the modified regenerated glass fiber (TGF) has more excellent alkali resistance and antimicrobial properties. The flexural and compressive strength tests of cement mortars (GF/C, TGF/C) before and after modification showed that the addition of TGF enhanced the mechanical properties of the hardened mortar. Compared with GF/C, the flexural and compressive strength of TGF/C increased by 19.6 % and 12.9 % respectively. In addition, computed tomography (CT) scan analysis of GF/C and TGF/C showed that the addition of TGF reduced the porosity of cement mortar from 13.76 % to 9.72 % and improved the pore structure. Overall, this study highlights the potential of TGF for alkali and antimicrobial resistance, which is an effective method to enhance the durability of fiber cement mortars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 112863"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A sensitivity study of vulnerability parameters for rocking masonry façades of single-nave churches hit by the 2016 Central Italy seismic sequence","authors":"Francesca Ceroni ,&nbsp;Luca Umberto Argiento ,&nbsp;Claudia Casapulla","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper is devoted to the large-scale assessment of the vulnerability of masonry church façades to the simple out-of-plane rocking mechanism. The main goal is to derive fragility curves assessing the influence of some geometrical and mechanical parameters and the effect provided by tie rods on the façade vulnerability to this type of mechanisms. According to the displacement-based approach, pushover analysis for each façade is carried out considering both the stabilizing contribution of the interlocking with the sidewalls and the presence of tie rods. The analyses are addressed with reference to a large sample of masonry churches generated starting from the geometrical parameters of the churches hit by the 2016-17 Central Italy seismic sequence using the damage data extracted from the DaDO WebGIS. Geometrical variables, i.e. the length, the height and the thickness of the façade, are treated by means of Monte Carlo simulation to generate a numerical sample of 800 façades. Three limit states are considered, corresponding to the onset of rocking and to moderate and severe motions, and fragility curves are derived for these façades subjected to several ground motions scaled to different values of PGA, using incremental static analysis and multiple stripe analysis. The sensitivity of the fragility curves is investigated with reference to the variation of: i) the friction coefficient influencing the contribution exerted by the sidewalls, ii) the length of masonry units, and iii) the position of the façade mass centre. Moreover, the contribution of strengthening systems made with steel tie rods to mitigate the simple rocking is analysed in terms of vulnerability reduction related to the diameter, position, pre-tension and ultimate strain of the tie rods. Finally, the effect of different seismic inputs on the seismic vulnerability of façades under moderate and severe motions is also examined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 112823"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-driven optimization of air-conditioning systems in legacy Buildings: Evaluating machine learning models for enhanced energy efficiency","authors":"Siti Nur Ashakirin Mohd Nashruddin ,&nbsp;Faridah Hani Mohamed Salleh ,&nbsp;Rosnafisah Sulaiman ,&nbsp;Muhammad Izzuddin Bin Mohd Zaiddy ,&nbsp;Ammuthavali Ramasamy ,&nbsp;Anwar Ali Yahya","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into building management systems offers a promising path to improving energy consumption, particularly in legacy buildings that feature outdated air-conditioning (AC) systems. These buildings often face significant challenges such as structural constraints, poor insulation, and a lack of real-time data, which complicate efficient load balancing and energy optimization. This study introduces a novel simulation-based framework to evaluate and compare the performance of various machine learning models in optimizing AC systems in legacy buildings. Specifically, the research investigates six distinct models: Generalized Linear Model (GLM), Deep Learning, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Gradient Boosted Trees, and Support Vector Machine (SVM), using an academic building as a case study. A key contribution of this study is the application of a transformer-based simulation to benchmark these models under different operational scenarios, providing quantitative results on their energy-saving potential during normal operation and renovation phases. The findings show that the Decision Tree model yields the most significant reduction in energy consumption, demonstrating a reduction of 20 % during the renovation period and 15 % under normal operating conditions. A bibliometric analysis was also conducted to review the current state of AI applications in building energy optimization, identifying emerging trends, gaps, and key methodologies in the field. This study highlights the Decision Tree model's capability to improve load balancing, optimize energy efficiency, and contribute to sustainability goals in legacy buildings. This research enhances the theoretical framework and practical implementation of artificial intelligence in building energy management, providing a strategic guide for forthcoming AI-driven enhancements in outdated infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 112839"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bond behaviour of BFRP Bars embedded in concrete under harsh conditions: A comprehensive review","authors":"Azzam Ahmed ,&nbsp;Ali Tabatabaeian","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Basalt fibre-reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars are notable for their high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and environmental sustainability, making them a viable alternative to traditional steel reinforcements. The bond performance of BFRP bars in concrete is essential for the longevity and safety of marine infrastructure, especially under extreme conditions like chemical and moisture exposure, freeze-thaw cycles and high temperatures. For example, 80–90 % bond strength reductions have been reported for FRP bars at 300 °C, compared to only 38 % for steel. This review summarises recent advancements in understanding how these environmental factors affect the bond behaviour of BFRP bars. The findings reveal the impact of environmental stresses on the mechanical properties of BFRP bars, deterioration mechanisms at the bar-concrete interface, and the effectiveness of mitigation strategies. The paper also highlights the need for further research into the long-term behaviour of BFRP-reinforced concrete structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 112864"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Durable and sustainable nano-modified basalt fiber-reinforced composites for elevated temperature applications","authors":"Tasnia Ahmed ,&nbsp;Ahmed Bediwy ,&nbsp;Md Jahidul Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the performance of nano-modified basalt fiber pellet reinforced cementitious composites (NBFRCC) exposed to elevated temperatures. The composite mixtures have been reinforced with basalt fiber pellet (BFP) coated with a polymeric resin and incorporated cement, slag, nano-silica (Ns) and/or nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). In total, nine mixtures have been prepared by altering the dosages of BFP (2.5 % and 4.5 %), Ns (6 %) and NFC (0.5 %). The mechanical properties like compressive and flexural stress have been explored. The samples are exposed to elevated temperatures of 200 °C and 600 °C and chloride. Microstructural analysis is also done by SEM and EDX analysis. For most of the mixes, 600 °C exposure for 60 min showed up to 15 % higher compressive strength than 200 °C, attributed to high percentage of slag (40 %). Maximum flexural stress is obtained for 2.5 % BFP mixed with both Ns and NFC after 600 °C exposure. The exceptionally high melting point of BFP aids in maintaining higher flexural stress at high temperatures. Nano-modified mixtures show slower declines in flexural stress from room temperature to 600 °C, indicating improved mechanical properties and thermal stability. NFC-mixed samples showed the least reduction in flexural strength at 600 °C than at 200 °C, ranging between 8 and 10 %. Chloride ion penetrability is also reduced from low to very low penetrability class. Performance index (PI) considering mechanical strength, durability, and cost shows that 2.5 % BFP with Ns is optimal for sustainable applications. This research will expand the application of NBFRCC, providing a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach to contemporary construction problems where improved fire resistance and durability are fundamental.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 112865"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of photovoltaic energy-saving window on building heating load","authors":"Jiayi Li,&nbsp;Jianmei Wu,&nbsp;Hongpeng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photovoltaic (PV) glazing contributes to energy conservation; however, its low transmittance increases building heating load, limiting its application in heating-dominated regions. This study aims to address this issue by proposing an innovative photovoltaic energy-saving window (PEW). The PEW combines the control of PV glazing and an insulated shutter, enhancing solar heat gain during the day and improving insulation at night, thereby reducing heating load. A numerical model was validated, and both single-factor and multi-factor analyses were used to examine key factors affecting heating load. Further simulations and on-site experiments quantified the heating load reduction achieved by the PEW with the proposed control mode. The main findings are as follows: 1) Key factors are negatively correlated with heating load, ranked by descending correlation: the number of clear glazing layers, insulated shutter thickness, number of PV glazing layers, and PV glazing transmittance. 2) The optimal window configuration reduced heating load by 17.93 % compared to the least efficient configuration. 3) Over the annual heating period, the proposed window achieved a 23.54 % reduction in heating load relative to double-pane clear glazing. This study introduces a novel window and control mode that mitigates the impact of the low transmittance of PV glazing and enhances thermal insulation performance. It offers valuable insights into the influence of key factors on building heating load. Additionally, it provides an effective solution for improving energy efficiency in buildings, especially in heating-dominated regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 112853"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifications of bottlenecks and intelligent solutions for boosting the ZEV penetration in smart buildings","authors":"Tongyu Qin ,&nbsp;Sunliang Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid expansion of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates integrating substantial charging infrastructure into buildings. While previous studies assessed the impact of charging demand on utility grids and explored mitigation strategies through renewable energy (REe) and energy storage systems (ESS), they overlooked limited grid capacities and their impact on building energy systems and the design of REe and ESS. This research fills these gaps by examining the impacts of additional charging ports on building energy systems under limitations. Results indicate that while limitations mitigate negative grid and environmental impacts, they also lead to economic losses. Subsequently, to counter this, a hybrid REe system is optimized under limitations, reducing exceeded energy to below 149.86 kWh/m² by sacrificing dumped energy, improving the system's weighted matching index (WMI) to 0.64, cutting carbon emissions (CEa) up to 59.91 kg CO_2,eq/m².a, and increasing the relative net present value (NPV_rel) to over HK$54.12 million. Further enhancements include introducing two types of ESS. A 2000 kWh static battery reduces exceeded and dumped energy by up to 16.89 % and 12.10 %, improves WMI by over 11.55 %, and modestly improves NPV_rel by sacrificing CEa. Additionally, a proposed vehicle-to-building (V2B) business model encourages public EVs to discharge at unoccupied ports, maintaining profitability in most scenarios and effectively reducing exceeded energy. Although focused on a limited building scale and size, this study uncovers bottlenecks in EV penetration and proposes effective solutions for boosting EV integration under grid constraints. Future research could expand to various building types and scales to broaden the findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 112813"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}