Journal of building engineering最新文献

{"title":"Mechanical properties and microstructure of cellulose nanocrystal modified cement pastes subject to chloride erosion","authors":"Hu Feng ,&nbsp;Zishuo Zheng ,&nbsp;Aofei Guo ,&nbsp;Zhihui Sun ,&nbsp;Zhenyun Yu ,&nbsp;Congguang Yao ,&nbsp;Yunxing Du","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) is promising as a green and environmentally friendly nanomaterial, with potential as an additive to enhance the resistance of cement-based composites to chloride ion erosion. This study aims to investigate the effects of CNC on the resistance of cement pastes to chloride ion erosion from the perspective of mechanical properties and microstructure. The macroscopic mechanical properties analysis of CNC modified cement pastes shows that the optimal CNC content is different under different water-cement ratios. For water-cement ratios of 0.3 and 0.5, the optimal CNC content is 0.1 % and 0.2 %, respectively. The compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of cement pastes are increased by 18.8–22.14 %, 19.4 %–26.38 % and 32 %–44.67 %, respectively after adding the corresponding optimal CNC into cement pastes with 0.3 and 0.5 water-cement ratio. In addition, the use of CNC reduces the mechanical strength loss rate of cement pastes caused by chloride ion erosion. After 90 days of chloride ion erosion, 0.1 % CNC reduces the mechanical strength loss rate of cement pastes by 3.14 %–9.31 % at a water-cement ratio of 0.3, and 0.2 % CNC reduces the mechanical strength loss rate of cement pastes by 5 %–7.32 % at a water-cement ratio of 0.5. The use of CNC significantly improves the mechanical properties of cement pastes before and after chloride ion erosion. The isothermal calorimetry (IC) test, X-ray diffraction (XRD) test, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) test, and fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) test show that the main reason is that the addition of CNC promotes the hydration reaction of cement particles and enhances the degree of cement hydration in the later stage, thereby reducing the porosity, average pore diameter and most probable pore diameter of cement pastes. The reduction of strength loss of cement pastes after chloride ion erosion caused by CNC may be due to the fact that CNC effectively alleviates the increase of macropore proportion, average pore diameter and most probable pore diameter caused by chloride erosion. This study emphasizes the improvement of cement pastes performance by CNC in the chloride environment. It highlights the great potential of CNC as an anti-chloride ion erosion additive to improve the life of infrastructure eroded by chloride ions, which is consistent with the demand for sustainable green construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 112670"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interface bonding mechanism of BFPMPC and concrete: Insights from microscopic to molecular scale","authors":"Fei Liu ,&nbsp;Baomin Wang ,&nbsp;Zengtao Chen ,&nbsp;Changjun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the action mechanism of repair interface between baslt-fiber-reinforced-polymer-modified magnesium phosphate cement (BFPMPC) and cement concrete in the microscopic and molecular insights. Firstly, to clarify the mechanical properties of interface inclusions and analyze the complex microstructure quantitatively, the nanoindentation and nanoscratch were conducted by using BFPMPC and concrete bonding specimens. Secondly, the complex chemical bonding of interface was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. Finally, the molecular mechanism of the interfaces were investigated by molecular dynamics method. The nanoindentation test confirmed that there are three types of interface forms and the gradient of elastic modulus in the repair interface. As the position from ITZ-4 changed to ITZ-2, ITZ-3 in the middle position has the lower elastic modulus. The fracture toughness <em>K</em>_IC tested by nanoscratch of ITZ-2, ITZ-3 and ITZ-4 was 0.28MPa⋅m^1/2, 0.18 MPa⋅m^1/2 and 0.38 MPa⋅m^1/2. The phosphate infiltration into concrete resulted in enhanced bonding properties was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. The forms of phosphate existed in different sub-ITZs were not consistent. The molecular dynamics simulation results showed that the polymer chain was elongated by the adhesion force of the crystal structure on both sides of BFPMPC and aggregate interface. It has strong bonding with the crystal on both sides. The polymer can effectively adhered to the surface of K-struvite (MKP) particles in the process of bonding with OPC mortar and aggregate in PCC. MKP[100] crystal surface has the strongest adhesion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 112678"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the bond-slip mechanism between crescent ribbed rebar and recycled aggregate concrete: rib-scale simulation and theoretical analysis","authors":"Biao Liu ,&nbsp;Kaiwen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper focuses on the bond-slip mechanism between crescent ribbed rebar and recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) at rib scale. Firstly, the auxiliary software for parametric modeling has been developed, which can instantly create 3D rib-scale simulation models. Secondly, the development law of internal damage along longitudinal and transverse directions was revealed, and the opening displacement, interface pressure, and stress at the rib were analyzed in detail. Then, parametric study and mechanism analysis were conducted. The bond strength decreases as the anchorage length, rib spacing, and replacement rate increase, but increases as the rib height and relative thickness of protective layer increase. The influence of the angle between the rib and the axis follows a quadratic function relationship. The inclination angle of the rib side has an impact after the peak. Finally, the empirical model for the ultimate and residual bond strength of rebar in RAC, considering rib dimensions, was proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 112666"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing complexity in building design standards using network analysis - Case study: Structural design standard ISO 22156","authors":"Chase Rogers ,&nbsp;Kent A. Harries","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utility and complexity of building design standards is a growing concern amongst construction professionals. Standards for emerging and non-conventional materials and technologies are developing rapidly in response to market and societal pressures. As design standards swell with updates, ensuring all requirements are satisfied becomes increasingly complex for users, potentially effecting design safety or slowing standard adoption. This study applies network analysis to assess navigational complexity in a developing standard. The authors assume complexity to broadly mean the inability of the standard to effectively meet the users' needs. A case study is presented of the International Standard Organization (ISO) 22156 bamboo structural design standard. The standard's networks from the initial intent-signifying version of the standard (ISO 22156:2004) and the recent technical revision and reorganization (ISO 22156:2021) are analysed assuming that forward flow improves the user experience and reduces complexity. Evidence of complexity are identified from each networks' fundamental features, centrality metrics, clustering tendencies, recurring motifs, and geodesic paths. Guidance and specific interventions are proposed to reduce navigational complexity and allow for continued growth in future editions of ISO 22156:2021.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 112635"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feature extraction and quantitative analysis of steel corrosion in reinforced concrete components based on XCT scanning and deep learning model","authors":"Xu Miao,&nbsp;Yuzhou Wang,&nbsp;Ligang Peng,&nbsp;Yuxi Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate quantification and analysis of steel corrosion is crucial for reliability assessment studies of in-service reinforced concrete structures. However, the pixel-level cross-sectional data provided by X-ray computed tomography (XCT) proves difficult to quantify, especially for the amorphous corrosion products filled in mortar, due to the absence of robust feature extraction methods. In this study, multiple deep learning models were trained to automatically identify corrosion products and calculate corrosion-related parameters from a large number of XCT images. The database comprised XCT images obtained from a RC component subjected to chloride-rich environment for four years. The results indicate that deep learning models can segment different regions of XCT images with high accuracy. Among the models, the K-Net model performed the best on this dataset, achieving an accuracy of 94.60 %, and a mean Precision (mPrecision) of 88.21 %. This advance makes it possible to automatically extract parameters that characterize steel corrosion and to assess the damage to RC structures caused by corrosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 112652"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-based prediction of seismic time-history responses of RC frame structures considering varied structural parameters","authors":"K. Ge ,&nbsp;Y.T. Guo ,&nbsp;C. Wang ,&nbsp;Z.Z. Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, an end-to-end framework for Intelligent Seismic Response Prediction, ISRPnet, is introduced. ISRPnet comprises a structural parameter module for discretizing reinforced concrete frame structures into a series of static features and an encoder-decoder architecture for encoding seismic loads and autoregressively predicting seismic responses. The model is trained on a data set of 16,544 cases generated through validated fibre-based finite element models. ISRPnet achieves promising performance on both frequent and rare earthquakes. ISRPnet rapidly and highly precisely predicts temporal responses for frequent earthquakes. The peak displacement predictions remain accurate for rare earthquakes. The superiority of the physical loss and the advantages of gated recurrent unit over long short-term memory are analysed in comparative experiments. Verification with unseen seismic waves beyond the training data shows the robust generalization and extrapolation capabilities of the framework. The proposed model accomplishes efficient surrogate computation of the full-process seismic response for a class of RC frame structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 112643"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Augmentation Framework for HVAC Fault Diagnosis Based on Denoising Diffusion Models","authors":"Xinyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Weirong Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuqing Wen ,&nbsp;Qitai Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fault detection and diagnosis in HVAC systems are essential for maintaining energy efficiency and indoor comfort. However, the scarcity of fault samples, particularly for rare faults, leads to severe data imbalance, degrading model performance and increasing false alarms. While deep learning methods have improved diagnostic accuracy, they often struggle to capture the complex spatiotemporal interactions of HVAC faults using one-dimensional data. To address this challenge, we propose a novel data augmentation framework based on Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models, integrating diffusion models with Gramian Angular Field transformation. This approach effectively captures intricate dynamic patterns and generates high-quality synthetic fault samples, helping to mitigate data imbalance. Experimental results on the ASHRAE dataset demonstrate that our method outperforms existing approaches in sample quality, data distribution alignment, and diagnostic accuracy, achieving a 3.78% improvement over CVAE-GAN while significantly reducing false positives and missed detections for rare faults. Additionally, we introduce a comprehensive evaluation framework to ensure that generated samples meet high application standards. By providing a more robust and generalizable solution for HVAC fault detection, this study contributes to the advancement of intelligent building management and energy-efficient operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 112646"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of condensation behavior in self-insulating recycled concrete composite block walls","authors":"Xuemin Sui ,&nbsp;Mengying An ,&nbsp;Haoran Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Condensation inside walls can lead to increased building energy consumption and mold growth inside the walls, which needs to be taken seriously. Current research on wall condensation mainly focuses on traditional homogeneous multi-layer slab walls. However, self-insulating block walls, a new form of thermal insulation wall, fill the holes of hollow blocks with insulation materials. The internal heat, moisture transfer, and condensation characteristics of these walls are still poorly understood. To evaluate the internal condensation of self-insulating recycled-concrete composite block walls in cold zones of China, meteorological parameters of Xi'an were selected as the calculation background. The heat and moisture transfer behavior within the self-insulating block walls was simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics software, considering both summer and winter separately. The condensation risk at different positions inside the walls was evaluated. Also, the influence of block hole arrangement on the condensation risk of walls was examined. The results indicate that, in both summer and winter, the location most prone to condensation in self-insulating block walls is at the first interface between the outdoor recycled concrete layer and the insulation material. As the number of hole columns increases, the risk of condensation inside the block wall decreases. As the number of hole rows increases, the risk of condensation increases. In summer, the condensation risk is lower when using a staggered arrangement of holes compared to a sequential arrangement, whereas in winter, the opposite is true. The findings can provide guidance for optimizing the design of self-insulating block walls.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 112653"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation and big data analysis for assessing the geothermal utilization potential of deep-buried pipe systems","authors":"Chao Li ,&nbsp;Chao Jiang ,&nbsp;Hao Chen ,&nbsp;Kai Chen ,&nbsp;Chuang Yang ,&nbsp;Jiaojiao Lv ,&nbsp;Kunhong Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a clean and sustainable source, geothermal energy is a key component in the global energy transition. One of the main approaches to geothermal energy utilization involves mid-to-deep layer buried pipe heating technology, emphasizing the efficient and accurate assessment of heat transfer performance. This study presents a three-dimensional, full-scale numerical modeling of heat transfer in deeply buried pipes. Based on the simulation results, a database for evaluating the heat transfer rate of buried pipes is developed. This database serves as the basis for neural network predictions of heat transfer rate. The proposed predictive model is evaluated, and the results indicate that its computational efficiency is over 1000 times higher than that of conventional numerical models. Aside from the initial 1 h of heat transfer, the maximum relative error of the predictions compared to the numerical results is within 0.5 %. This study provides innovative approaches for the theoretical evaluation and technical optimization of deeply buried pipe geothermal systems. The findings contribute to the improvement of energy supply systems, accelerating energy conservation, reducing emissions, and enhancing ecological restoration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 112648"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behaviour of steel perforated plate seismic fuses in timber end brace connections","authors":"Yahia Ahmed ,&nbsp;Hossein Daneshvar ,&nbsp;Thomas Tannert ,&nbsp;Ying Hei Chui ,&nbsp;Carla Dickof","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perforated steel plates used as fuses in timber end brace connections (EBC) effectively dissipate seismic energy and minimize damage to the structure, with the added benefit of being replaceable post-seismic events. This study presents full-scale experimental tests on such connections. In the first phase, six configurations with circular and oval perforations were tested. The outcomes indicated that shear-yielding failure dominated at relatively small displacements, accompanied by minimal elastic bending and slight plastic hinge rotation deformations. However, there was a notable enhancement in ultimate deformation and energy dissipation for the oval perforations. Consequently, a second phase of the study was conducted to explore alternative perforation patterns and their corresponding failure mechanisms. Plates with long oval perforations exhibited the highest ultimate deformation of 14.4 mm, showing a 20 % increase compared to other patterns, along with an average over-strength factor of 1.4, and a ductility ratio of 15. These findings suggest that the preferred fuse-yielding mechanism is flexural, achieved using long oval perforations. The results confirmed that perforated steel plates function effectively as fuses, providing reliable yield mechanisms while protecting the integrity of the timber members.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 112644"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}