Journal of building engineering最新文献

{"title":"Visual indoor localization in complex scenes based on image semantic and spatial features","authors":"Xinya Jing ,&nbsp;Hongjuan Yang ,&nbsp;Jiwen Chen ,&nbsp;Hongwei Chen ,&nbsp;Yongchao Li ,&nbsp;Zijie Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In complex and high precision indoor scenarios without pre-deployed facilities, traditional visual indoor localization methods urgently need improvement due to the low retrieval efficiency of offline database images and reduced positioning accuracy under dynamic environments and lighting changes. This paper aims to propose an efficient and accurate indoor localization method. To this end, a visual localization method combining semantic and spatial features is adopted. First, common indoor infrastructure objects are taken as semantic features, and an offline database is constructed by using a hybrid semantic segmentation algorithm based on K-Net + UperNet. Then, coarse semantic retrieval is carried out to determine the positioning range, reducing retrieval time and avoiding accuracy issues caused by structural similarities. Finally, a generative adversarial network is utilized to extract spatial features as descriptors for fine retrieval, and accurate positioning is achieved by combining with prior position information. Experiments on the self-built dataset of Shandong Jianzhu University show that the hybrid semantic segmentation model performs excellently. The introduction of the dynamic convolutional kernel module of K-Net improves the model performance, and the retrieval method based on spatial and semantic features significantly enhances the retrieval accuracy. The newly proposed method in this study effectively improves the efficiency and accuracy of indoor positioning, providing a new solution for localization in complex environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 113172"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving shear and flexural performance of macroscale 3D printed concrete beams through filament interlocking","authors":"Jean-Pierre Mostert,&nbsp;Jacques Kruger","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Weak interlayer bonding remains a critical challenge in the structural performance of reinforced three-dimensional concrete printed (3DCP) beams, leading to premature delamination and reduced shear capacity. This study investigates a novel interlocking filament approach to enhance interlayer adhesion and improve mechanical performance. Custom-designed 3D-printed nozzles were developed to extrude filaments with tongue-and-groove geometries, thereby increasing the degree of mechanical interlocking of interlayers. To evaluate its effectiveness, four macroscale reinforced 3DCP beams—two with conventional flat interlayers and two with interlocked interlayers—were fabricated and tested under four-point bending with different shear-spans. Experimental results demonstrate that interlocking interlayers significantly enhance structural performance, with the shear capacity of interlocked beams increasing by up to 97.6 % compared to reference beams. Additionally, interlocked beams exhibited improved ductility and delayed interlayer delamination, with flexural strength increasing by up to 10.7 %. Deterministic resistance calculations, based on modified Eurocode 2 models, revealed that shear capacity predictions for 3DCP beams with conventional layers overestimate experimental values by 108 %, whereas interlocked beams align more closely, with a deviation of only 13.08 %. These findings highlight the necessity of filament interlocking geometries to enhance the structural integrity of 3DCP beams, particularly under shear-dominant loading. The results provide insights into optimising interlayer bonding strategies, contributing to the development of structurally efficient, ductile and reliable 3DCP elements. Future research should further explore interlocking topologies in combination with other reinforcement techniques to maximise interlayer strength and long-term performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 113159"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144305030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a sound quality model for noise impact prediction in building acoustics","authors":"Kuen Wai Ma ,&nbsp;Cheuk Ming Mak ,&nbsp;Hai Ming Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Building acoustics is the science of controlling and predicting sounds in buildings, as well as studying the effects of environmental sound quality and noise impacts on building occupants. However, developing noise impact prediction remains a research challenge due to a huge variety in multidimensionally modeling of environmental sound quality. Researchers have recently revealed the three fundamental human perceptual dimensions of sound, called <em>Evaluation</em>, <em>Potency</em>, and <em>Activity</em> (<em>EPA</em>). This is the first study aimed at developing prediction models for the negative noise impacts (<em>O1</em>: <em>Discomfortable</em>, <em>O2</em>: <em>Annoying</em>, <em>O3</em>: <em>Stressful</em>, <em>O4</em>: <em>Unacceptable</em>, <em>O5</em>: <em>Averse</em>, <em>O6</em>: <em>Unsatisfying</em>) using the sound quality model (<em>EPA</em> model) in three approaches (holistic, subjective-synthesized, and pure-objective). A total of 582 jury listening tests were conducted on the recorded natural sounds, human sounds and mechanical sounds. The statistical analysis results validated the reliability of constructing <em>E</em>-, <em>P</em>-, <em>A</em>-, and <em>EPA</em>-scores in the <em>EPA</em> model. The holistic models (<em>O1</em>-<em>O6</em>-<em>In</em>) demonstrated the highest goodness-of-fit among the approaches. The subjective-synthesized models (<em>O1</em>-<em>O6</em>-<em>EPA</em>) were designed to integrate the perceptual influences of all fundamental perceptions without the notable drop in goodness-of-fit (−6.1 % to −14.7 %) as <em>EPA</em>-score was a significant predictor of all negative impacts. Compared with the models relying solely on the A-weighted, equivalent continuous sound pressure level (<em>L</em>_Aeq), the pure-objective models (<em>O1</em>-<em>O6-EPA</em>_pre) incorporating the predictive <em>EPA</em>-score (<em>EPA</em>_pre) demonstrated higher adjusted <em>R</em>² values (+24 % to +58 %). The results will be beneficial for future urban planning or building restoration, particularly in sustainable noise control considering environmental sound quality and noise impacts on building occupants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 113183"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144305015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of digital twin system for central air-conditioning based on BIM","authors":"Nie Ma ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Changwei Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Sun ,&nbsp;Jili Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of building intelligence, the efficient management and control of central air-conditioning systems have become a research hotspot in the HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) field. The effective integration of BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology and digital twins into HVAC systems enables the visualization of smart operation and maintenance processes, as well as information sharing across complex equipment systems, providing technical support for modeling, simulation, fault detection, and optimized control of air conditioning systems. This paper proposes a BIM-based digital twin framework for central air-conditioning systems. Through secondary development of a laboratory air conditioning system's BIM model, a communication architecture and data-driven logic for the central air conditioning digital twin system is presented. The system is designed and developed using OPC/UA technology and the Unity platform. Comprehensive performance testing validates the stability and reliability of the digital twin platform, The test results show that, under typical operating scenarios, the platform consistently maintains a CPU frame time within 10 ms, memory usage below 2 GB, script execution time under 10 ms, and fewer than 2000 rendering batches. All functional test cases were successfully passed, demonstrating stable feature responsiveness and validating the platform's excellent performance in response speed, security, and interactive capabilities. These results provide strong technical support for the intelligent operation and maintenance of central air-conditioning systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 113171"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear mechanical behavior and seismic response analysis of a multi-story traditional timber structure based on a planar model considering column rocking","authors":"Ya-Jie Wu ,&nbsp;Yi-Ming Chen ,&nbsp;Jia-Ru Wen ,&nbsp;Qi-Fang Xie ,&nbsp;Xi-Guang Liu ,&nbsp;Li-Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Peng-Yun Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Muti-story timber structures exhibited prominent rocking behavior under earthquakes, this paper investigated the nonlinear mechanical behavior and seismic response analysis of a multi-story traditional structure based a planar model considering column rocking. First, a modelling and characterization method of the column rocking behavior was proposed. Second, a planar model of a typical multi-story traditional timber structure was developed, based on which the lateral performance of each frame layer was obtained, the layers’ stiffness and load-resisting capacities along the structural height was analyzed. Third, time history analyses were performed to reveal the seismic displacement response and damage characteristics of such a multi-story traditional timber structure. The research indicated that the lateral load-resisting capability of the frame layers mainly derived from the column rocking mechanism, the lateral stiffness and load-resisting capacity contribution of timber columns to a frame layer was more than 87 % and 79 %, respectively. Owing to the increasing of vertical compression load, the lateral performance of lower frame layers was superior than upper frame layers. Due to the maximum shear force at the bottom frame layer and the minimum stiffness of the top frame layer, these two layers had larger inter-story drifts than other layers. Under frequently-met earthquakes, the column joint damage was uneven distributed along structural height, with the column head damaged most. Under fortification and rarely-met earthquakes, the damage index of the column head and foot joints exceeded 0.6. The research could provide reference to the protection of multi-story traditional timber structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 113169"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ensemble Super Learner Model for predicting strain at maximum stress and energy absorption capacity of UHPFRC","authors":"Seunghye Lee ,&nbsp;Joaquín Abellán-García ,&nbsp;Thuc P. Vo ,&nbsp;Trung-Kien Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately predicting the mechanical performance of ultra-high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) remains challenging due to the complex, nonlinear interactions among its constituents. This study presents a Super Learner model using various ensemble techniques to simultaneously predict strain at maximum stress (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ɛ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) and energy absorption capacity (<span><math><mi>g</mi></math></span>) based on 34 input variables across 980 UHPFRC samples. Exploratory data analysis and leverage-based outlier detection were employed to refine five optimised datasets and improve predictive accuracy in regions of data misalignment. The top-performing base learners, namely Gradient Boosting Regressor (GBR), XGBoost and CatBoost, were integrated into a Super Learner framework (SL-GXC), which achieved a high coefficient of determination (R<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> = 0.973), surpassing existing modelling approaches. Model interpretability was strengthened through SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and Partial Dependence Plot (PDP) analyses. Results identify the fibre reinforcement index as the most influential variable, positively affecting both outputs. While higher matrix compressive strength generally enhances mechanical performance, values above 130 MPa reduce ductility due to increased brittleness. Additionally, longer fibres and larger equivalent diameters improve strain capacity and energy absorption by promoting better mechanical interlocking. Among fibre types, twisted steel fibres were most effective for energy dissipation, whereas smooth high-strength steel microfibres excelled in maximising strain at peak stress. This work introduces a robust and interpretable predictive framework that offers valuable insights for optimising UHPFRC mix design in high-performance structural applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 113001"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual and energy optimization of semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic glass curtain walls in buildings","authors":"Yanyi Hu ,&nbsp;Hui Lv ,&nbsp;Shuihang Chen ,&nbsp;Youhua Han ,&nbsp;Xin Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Combining photovoltaic (PV) materials with building envelopes can create structures with energy-saving and power-generating potential. However, previous research on PV windows or curtain walls has typically focused only on energy or visual performance. When large-area PV curtain walls are employed, interior lighting comfort and energy efficiency are critical, and therefore, multidimensional metrics are needed to assess their impact on the building. This study offers a solution by parametrically modeling a perovskite tandem photovoltaic cell as curtain wall glass. The calculated thermal and light transmission properties are used as inputs. The study compares energy consumption and visual comfort differences between common and photovoltaic curtain walls through energy and daylighting simulations. The results show that compared to ordinary glass: 1) electricity generation and savings reduced energy consumption by a total of 22.84 %, 2) PV curtain wall increases the Useful Daylight Illumination (UDI) by about 10 % and reduces the Daylight Glare Probability (DGP) 6.2 %–34.4 %, and 3) the manufacturing cost of 477 CNY/m² is lower than that of conventional photovoltaic windows or materials. The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) generated by the hybrid installation of low-e glass and PV curtain wall was 0.894/kWh when the surrounding buildings were shaded, which was better than the 1.015/kWh for the full-layer PV glass coverage. This confirms the cost-effectiveness and shorter payback period for future high-rise PV installations. In high-rise buildings with relatively large window walls, PV glazing shows significant energy and economic benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 113163"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Durability performance against sulphates of lightweight mortars made with supplementary cementitious materials","authors":"Victoria E. García-Vera ,&nbsp;Marcos Lanzón ,&nbsp;David Navarro-Moreno ,&nbsp;Antonio J. Tenza-Abril","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper focuses on the durability properties of lightweight mortars (LWMs) made with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), such as silica fume, fly ash and their combination. The mortars were subjected to wetting-drying cycles in Na₂SO₄ solutions, consisting of 35 repetitions and 1-week per cycle, giving a total duration of 245 days. The LWMs performance was studied in terms of compressive strength, mass and longitudinal variation, ultrasonic speed, open porosity and water vapour permeability. In addition, optical and electron microscopy, and XRD and XRF analyses were performed to examine secondary compounds induced by sulphates. It was found that both additions - silica fume and fly ash - contribute to increasing the durability of LWMs. The silica fume mortars showed the highest mechanical strength after completing the cycles and negligible mass loss. However, the control mortars showed evident weathering, cracks and weight loss (6.9 % w/w). The damage was especially visible on the edges and external surface of mortars, and it was confirmed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The final open porosity was rather similar, although water permeability was slightly reduced in mortars made with SCMs. Finally, XRD showed that silica fume may have a protective role against sulphates and some differences were found for key minerals associated with alteration processes and pozzolanic mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 113177"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaking table testing of a multi-story Chinese traditional timber structure with seismic damage","authors":"Xian-Cai Ren ,&nbsp;Ya-Jie Wu ,&nbsp;Qi-Fang Xie ,&nbsp;Zhao-Bo Meng ,&nbsp;Xi-Guang Liu ,&nbsp;Li-Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xi-Cheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the dynamic performance of a multi-story Chinese traditional timber structure with seismic damage through shaking table testing. A 1/4.5 scaled model of the Guangyue Tower that located in Northern China was fabricated. The model was first shaking table tested to produce seismic damage, and then second time subjected to earthquake excitations. Test results, including damage patterns, dynamic characteristics and responses of the intact and damaged models, were obtained. Shear force resistance and energy dissipation capacity of both models were also evaluated. The impact of the seismic damage on the model's seismic performance was indicated. The results showed that the intact model mainly happened with coordination failure of timber infill walls and frames. With the timber infill walls demolished, the damaged model was observed with significantly looseness and cracking in joints after experiencing strong earthquakes. Although the model had no remarkable residual lateral deformation, its fundamental frequency after damaged decreased 18.6 %. The seismic damage decreased the model acceleration response by 11.1 %, and increased the maximum interstory drift up to 47.8 %. As a result of the moderate acceleration response, the base shear force of the model reduced 20.2 %, but the energy dissipation increased 28.9 % owing to larger lateral deformation. The findings of this study could provide reference in the seismic protection and rehabilitation of multi-story traditional timber structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 113170"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new passive heating design on the basis of phase change materials tailored to residential buildings","authors":"Michael Frans ,&nbsp;Jihyeon Cho ,&nbsp;Seong Jin Chang ,&nbsp;Yongchan Kim ,&nbsp;Yeonsook Heo","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Space heating in residential buildings, particularly in cold climates, consumes substantial energy. Passive solar heating strategies reduce heating demand by utilizing solar energy. However, their effectiveness is limited during daytime. Phase change materials (PCMs) offer a solution by storing heat during the day and releasing it at night. To maximize PCM effectiveness, optimizing PCM placement, melting temperature, and thickness is essential. This study designs and evaluates a passive heating system for two room cases in a residential building in Seoul: a single-exposed (one exposed wall) and a corner-exposed room (two exposed walls). EnergyPlus simulations assess various interior placements, melting temperatures (21 °C–29 °C), and thicknesses (5 mm–40 mm). Results showed that placing PCM on the floor, where solar irradiance is the highest, achieved the greatest total load reduction—15.2 % in the single-exposed room and 11 % in the corner-exposed room. However, in the presence of a radiant floor heating system, west-wall placement avoided heat interference with the radiant system, reducing total energy supply by 12 % and 10 %, respectively. The optimal PCM thickness for heating load reduction was 17.5 mm and 20 mm, while total load reduction plateaued at 17.5 mm for both rooms. During intermittent seasons, overheating increased in the single-exposed room but decreased in the corner-exposed room, highlighting the influence of room placement on PCM performance. The proposed PCM-based passive heating system demonstrated significant potential for energy savings and thermal regulation, supporting its effectiveness in improving heating efficiency across indoor conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 113156"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}