Journal of building engineering最新文献

{"title":"A novel development of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) incorporating ordinary portland cement/calcium aluminate cement: Mechanical properties and microstucture","authors":"Feixiang Chen, Ronghui Yang, Shukai Cheng, Guozhi Zhang, Shanglei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111672","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the influence of calcium aluminate cement (CAC) on the setting time, flowability, mechanical properties, and drying shrinkage of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) containing ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Additionally, the hydration heat, phase composition, and microstructure of UHPC were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that increasing CAC content significantly reduces the setting time of UHPC, with minimal effect on flowability. The early flexural and compressive strengths of UHPC initially increase but decrease with higher CAC content. Incorporating CAC reduces early drying shrinkage due to rapid formation of ettringite. Furthermore, CAC promotes both silicate reactions and the dissolution of tricalcium aluminate (C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>A) in blended cement. The presence of CAC notably influences the mechanical properties and microstructure of UHPC. Overall, an optimal CAC content of 8 % enhances both the mechanical performance and hydration process of UHPC.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic and environmental impacts of different ventilation systems in detached rural houses in severe cold climate","authors":"Xinyi Hu, Juha Jokisalo, Risto Kosonen, Matti Lehtonen","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111689","url":null,"abstract":"The growing demand for energy efficient and environmentally friendly buildings with improved comfort drives the need for advanced ventilation systems. Chinese rural houses in severe cold climate struggle with inadequate ventilation in winter, while the extremely low temperatures and huge heating demands hinder the effective implementation of mechanical ventilation. This study aims to identify the optimal ventilation system for rural detached houses in severe cold climate by examining the potential combination of earth-air heat exchanger and heat recovery, as well as comparing this system to other common ventilation solutions. Using a case building in Harbin, four mechanical ventilation configurations were simulated with IDA ICE. A multi-objective evaluation combining economic and environmental factors was employed to design the earth-air heat exchanger and evaluate different ventilation options. Results show that integrating an earth-air heat exchanger into a balanced ventilation notably reduces ventilation heating demand by 64 %, with its effectiveness particularly pronounced in colder conditions. Among all mechanical ventilation options, the balanced ventilation with both heat recovery and earth-air heat exchanger achieves the lowest CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> emissions at 44 kg CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>/m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>. Exhaust ventilation emerges as the most cost-effective option. These findings illuminate the earth-air heat exchanger's heating performance in severe cold climate. Practical recommendations balancing economic effectiveness and environmental impacts were provided to guide the design of sustainable mechanical ventilation systems for detached rural houses in extreme climatic conditions.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations for the daylighting performance of trapezoid profile shadings using multi-objective optimization","authors":"Adnan Ibrahim, Muna Alsukkar, Yifang Dong, Peng Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111645","url":null,"abstract":"Office buildings present significant potential for energy savings using innovative shading systems, particularly given their extensive daytime usage. However, comprehensive studies that integrate automated shading systems with multi-objective optimization (MOO) to balance visual comfort, energy savings, and daylight distribution are still needed. This research aims to enhance daylighting performance and reduce dependence on artificial lighting by employing MOO techniques. It focuses on automated and split-controlled louvers that adjust slat positions horizontally across the top, middle, and bottom sections of the façade to optimize work plane illuminance under varying conditions. Different illuminance ranges were reviewed for visual comfort in relation to Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI), with a focus on UDI<ce:inf loc=\"post\">500∼1000 lx</ce:inf> for improved daylighting. The study parametrically modeled automatic trapezoid-profile louver shading devices applied to the climates of Miami, Guangzhou, and Amman. Ladybug Tools, integrated with Grasshopper and Rhinoceros 3D, were used to connect Radiance and Octopus to identify optimal shading solutions. The optimal slat length and angle were determined using MOO based on SPEA-2 with hyper-mutation. The fixed exterior trapezoid shadings achieve at least 70 % of the optimal illuminance between 10:00 and 15:00 on typical dates. The newly introduced dynamic louvers, based on hourly openness level for the top, middle, and bottom sections of the façade, achieved at least 98 % coverage within the UDI<ce:inf loc=\"post\">500∼1000 lx</ce:inf> range. Monthly variations suggest that an illuminance uniformity above 0.6 can be achieved, along with 90 % coverage of UDI<ce:inf loc=\"post\">500∼1000 lx</ce:inf>. The Daylight Glare Probability (DGP) index remained below 0.35 for the camera positioned at the back and below 0.4 at the center of the office space, indicating imperceptible and perceptible glare, respectively.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic, policy, social, and regulatory aspects of AI-driven smart buildings","authors":"M. Arun, Debabrata Barik, Sreejesh S.R. Chandran, Seepana Praveenkumar, Kapura Tudu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111666","url":null,"abstract":"The significance of this research depends on the fact that it thoroughly investigates the effective implementation of advanced technologies in smart buildings particularly automated systems in buildings, sensors, and data analytics, to enhance operational efficiency, occupant comfort, and sustainability associated with the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) technology into Building Management Systems (BMS). Improving the building's efficiency, sustainability, and the occupants' comfort is a prime goal of this research. However while attaining this, certain obstacles such as socioeconomic inequalities, data privacy protection, negotiating regulatory landscapes, and providing effective access to all the smart technologies make hurdles that need to be overcome and rectified. The Integrated AI-Driven Smart Buildings Framework (IAI-DSBF) is a novel strategy that has been modeled and implemented to tackle, analyze, and set out the possibilities intelligently to the user to make a necessary action and in some instant, it decides itself and makes the logical action which needs for the moment. The IAI-DSBF provides a methodical approach to managing smart buildings' monetary, societal, and regulatory components, economic growth, effective policymaking, social inclusion, and navigating regulatory complexity can all be achieved using this model with the aid of artificial intelligence. This all-encompassing method makes it easier to create smart building ecosystems that emphasize openness, responsibility, and the general welfare of society. Our simulation results show that the suggested framework effectively improves building performance measures, increases compliance with regulations, and encourages community involvement by analyzing the data from the smart-building system Kaggle dataset. Urban planning, energy management, public health, and disaster response are a few fields that have been useful for the IAI-DSBF. The proposed IAI-DSBF increases the building performance ratio of 99.1 %, community involvement ratio of 98.5 %, economic growth ratio of 99.12 %, sustainability ratio of 98.2 %, and resilience ratio of 97.5 % compared to other pre-existing models. By adopting this integrated approach, stakeholders can fully utilize smart technologies to build sustainable and resilient communities and cities.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon capture efficiency of ultrafine cementitious substituents and fine aggregate alternatives subjected to accelerated CO2 curing","authors":"Shiv Sai Trivedi, Fahim Ansari, P. Karthik Kumar Goud, Sijil Joy, B.B. Das, Salim Barbhuiya","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111655","url":null,"abstract":"This manuscript examines the quantification of CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> uptake, calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>, CH) and calcium carbonate (CaCO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>, CC) formed for processed recycled concrete fines (RCF), supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and various sustainable fine aggregate alternatives subjected to accelerated carbonation process. A thermogravimetric (TG) analyser was used to enumerate the mass loss consequential from these compounds' breakdown at particular temperature range (400–500 °C for CH, 600–800 °C for CC, and CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>). The increased areas of peaks from fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of calcite and vaterite polymorphs for carbonated RCF and SCMs at 875 cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> and 714 cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> respectively whereas the formation of calcium silicate hydrate (Ca<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2.25</ce:inf>[Si<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">7.5</ce:inf>(OH)<ce:inf loc=\"post\">1.5</ce:inf>].8H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O or CSH gel) is confirmed by the increased stretching vibrations of Si-O bond at 970 and 1030 cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) found the presence of useful compounds such as aragonite, calcium silicate hydroxide (Ca<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>Si<ce:inf loc=\"post\">5</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">13.5</ce:inf>(OH)<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>) and portlandite that further confirmed the carbonation of RCF, SCMs and various fine aggregate alternatives. The formation of these compounds in carbonated specimens resulted in a significant fall in Ca/Si atomic ratio to a maximum of 98 % that further signifies the denseness in microstructure owing to precipitation of CaCO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> and CSH gel deposition. The filled cracks and pores represented by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images in carbonated specimens demonstrates the suitability of adopted carbonation regimes. The physical performance of RCF, SCMs and various fine aggregate specimens post accelerated carbonation highlights the increase in bulk density, specific gravity and reduced water absorption levels and volume changes that is an area of grave concern for incorporating recycled materials in construction sector. In addition, the CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> uptake of various carbonated specimens is found using TG analysis demonstrates the highest uptake for RCF at 32.4 % surpassing various other utilised SCMs and fine aggregate alternatives used in the research work. It is to be noted that metakaolin and ultrafine fly ash shows minimal CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> uptake owing to the manufacturing process. The findings of this study recommend the use of processed RCF and various other SCMs and fine aggregate alternatives for potential carbon dioxide sequestration through accelerated carbonation technology.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical modeling of tensile and flexural performance of concrete reinforced with recycled FRP-fiber from wind turbine blades","authors":"Kangle Mao, Qing Liu, Teng Yu, Shaojie Zhang, Zhifei Tan, Guizhu Zhang, Feiting Shi, Peng Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111651","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing retirement of wind turbines has raised environmental concerns regarding the disposal of waste wind turbine blades. This study investigates the reuse of recycled fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) from wind turbine blades in concrete and evaluates the tensile and flexural properties of the resulting FRP-fiber reinforced concrete (FRP-FRC). Uniaxial tensile and three-point bending tests were conducted to assess the tensile and flexural strengths of concrete reinforced with various contents of recycled FRP. The results indicate that an optimal FRP content of 1%–1.5 % enhances both the deformation capacity and strength of the reinforced concrete. Additionally, a closed-form, multi-segment analytical model was developed to predict the flexural behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) under three-point bending. Model predictions were validated through comparisons with experimental data and numerical simulations, demonstrating excellent agreement and confirming the model's reliability. Parameter sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the performance of the analytical model. Findings suggest that an analytical framework employing five-segment analytical model and an incremental step of 1E-6 ensures both predictive accuracy and computational efficiency. The model also effectively captured the influence of initial crack length on the bending performance of FRC beams. This study provides a novel analytical method and theoretical framework for concrete reinforced with FRP and other fiber materials. Furthermore, it offers valuable insights into the potential reuse of recycled wind turbine blades in construction applications.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into pore tortuosity and diffusivity of cement paste via hydration model with superovoidal cement particles","authors":"Mingqi Li, Longbang Qing, Huisu Chen, Jianjun Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111654","url":null,"abstract":"Pore tortuosity, as being influenced by the pore micro-geometry, is an important physical quantity to understand the effect of sinuous transport paths on diffusivity of cement paste. This work develops a microstructure-guided model for investigating the influence of cement particle shape on the pore tortuosity and diffusivity during cement hydration process. There are three important components of the model: (1) a continuum-based hydration model with superovoidal cement particles for characterizing microstructure evolution; (2) a Dijkstra algorithm-based transport path searching model for measuring the pore tortuosity; (3) a lattice Boltzmann method for acquiring the diffusivity of cement paste. The results indicate that the pore tortuosity increases with enlarging squareness parameter <ce:italic>m</ce:italic> and tapering parameter <ce:italic>T</ce:italic> of superovoidal cement particle, which further induces the decrease of diffusivity.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientometric analysis and comprehensive performance assessment of basalt fiber modified sustainable concrete produced from waste","authors":"Wisal Ahmed, Guoyang Lu, S. Thomas Ng, Gang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111661","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental issues such as natural resource depletion and the massive production of waste and their dumping have necessitated a paradigm shift towards sustainable materials and construction practices. In this context, basalt fiber-reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (BFRAC) emerges as a promising product, offering a sustainable, green, and performance-enhanced alternative to conventional resource-intensive concrete. This review paper presents a comprehensive examination of BFRAC, integrating a detailed scientometric analysis of recent and relevant literature. Through scientometric mapping this review critically analyses the current research trends, leading publication sources, most frequently used keywords, co-authorship networks, and article citation networks and identifies the most active research regions thereby highlighting the existing knowledge gaps in this field. The review further includes a detailed assessment of the effect of volume fractions and length of basalt fibers (BFs) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) content on the physical and structural properties, microstructure, and durability performance of BFRAC. Moreover, the overall environmental impact and economic aspects of BFRAC are also covered in this study. Finally, the paper presents current challenges and future perspectives in BFRAC which will serve as a guide for future research and development in this research domain. This review paper, with its novel integration of scientometric analysis and comprehensive review, provides a valuable resource for both researchers and industry practitioners, paving the way for the broader implementation of BFRAC in sustainable buildings and structures.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct displacement-based design and seismic performance evaluation of post-tensioned steel-timber hybrid frames equipped with braces","authors":"Fei Chen, Minghao Li, Minjuan He, Zheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111660","url":null,"abstract":"Post-tensioned (PT) low-damage mass timber frames provide one of the promising lateral load resisting systems (LLRSs) for buildings to obtain both environmental benefits and seismic resilience. As an improved solution to conventional PT timber frames, PT steel-timber hybrid (PTSTH) frames equipped with braces were proposed by the authors and have been examined through experimental testing. This study further develops a seismic design method to implement this new LLRS for mass timber structures. The direct displacement-based design (DDBD) was adopted to fulfill this target. Different key aspects in the DDBD were suggested considering the characteristics of PTSTH frames. Six prototype buildings, having four, six, and eight stories and two types of braces (additional damping and stiffness (ADAS) braces and tension-only braces (TOBs)), were designed using the proposed method. Both pushover and non-linear time history analyses were conducted to examine the performance of the buildings. The results showed that all structures subjected to minor, moderate, or major earthquakes fulfilled the maximum inter-story drift (maxISD) limits for the intermediate occupancy (IO), life safety (LS), and collapse prevention (CP) levels, respectively. Using Sklar's theorem, both maxISD and residual inter-story drift (RISD) were considered when calculating the structural failure probability and reliability index. The calculated annual reliability index for PTSTH frames with braces ranged from 2.6 to 3.1 for IO, 3.3 to 3.6 for LS, and 3.6 to 3.8 for CP.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of water to binder, aggregate to binder ratio and admixtures on printability and mechanical properties of 3D printable mortar mixtures","authors":"M. Gurunandan, Hiranya Jeet Malla, Prakash Nanthagopalan","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111649","url":null,"abstract":"Formwork free technology such as 3D-printing of concrete improves the project productivity and provides higher geometric flexibility in building design. However, most 3D-printable mixtures are rich in binders which pose shrinkage, economic and sustainability issues. Hence, there is a need to develop 3D-printable mixtures with increased aggregate to binder (a/b) ratio. In this study, the effect of water to binder ratio (w/b), admixtures and increasing a/b ratio (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0) on extrudability, buildability and mechanical properties were investigated. The extrudability was assessed through flow table test and surface characteristics of printed filaments (measured through image analysis) while buildability was assessed through buildable height test, layer slope index test (based on geometrical dimensions of printed object) and unconfined compressive strength test. The increase in w/b ratio of mixtures improved extrudability but reduced buildability. The addition of fly ash was found to be beneficial in improving the extrudability. With increasing a/b ratio, the surface irregularities increased, reducing extrudability while the buildable height increased. The static yield stress of the extrudable and buildable mixtures, determined through stress growth test, was in the range of 2.1–2.6 kPa. The printed specimens had lower compressive strength than mould cast specimens. The anisotropic index of the printed specimens was less than 0.30 which infers that the printed specimens are not anisotropic in compression. Also, in the considered printing protocol, there were no weak joint formed between 2 successively printed layers. This work is likely to contribute to the development of mixture design guidelines for 3D-printable mixtures.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}