Journal of building engineering最新文献

{"title":"Experimental investigation on some influencing factors of the lateral resistant behavior of wood infill walls in traditional timber frames","authors":"Weijie Lu, Hongxing Qiu, Xin Zhan, Ting Li, Frank Lam","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112687","url":null,"abstract":"Timber frames with wood infill walls are common lateral load resisting systems in traditional timber structures. There has been much research on timber frames with different infill types, which confirmed the crucial role of infill walls on the seismic response of frames. However, the influencing factors of the lateral performance of wood infill walls are less understood. Monotonic tests were conducted on four full-scale wood-infilled frames commonly used in Chinese traditional buildings and nine panel-to-panel joints assembled with bamboo dowels. Focus was given to initial gaps between walls and frames, panel-to-panel shear connectors, out-of-plane performance of panels, and beam deformation, to investigate the influencing mechanism of these factors on the lateral response of wood infill walls. Results indicate that initial gaps between panels and beams directly affect when infill walls make actual contributions to the lateral performance of frames. Bamboo dowels connected between panels change the kinematic modes of wood infill walls, making them exhibit certain resistance in the early stage without the impact of initial gaps. Obvious out-of-plane deformation of panels was only observed after the drift ratio of 1/30 and the induced strength reduction is estimated below 8 % in this study, which is considered to have a limited weakening effect on the primary structural behaviors of wood infill walls. The beam deflection of wood infilled frame was measured up to 10.1 mm, which is estimated to cause a strength reduction of 45.8 % in the longer-span frame. It is noted that the potential coupling effect of these factors needs further research in the future.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights of ordered packing bricks-like structure in 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane modified calcium silicate hydrate systems","authors":"Zheyu Zhu, Kai Wu, Zhongping Wang, Linglin Xu, Yue Zhou, Geert De Schutter","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112684","url":null,"abstract":"The natural shell structure shows organic matter regulating nano-grain ordered orientation boosts inorganic material toughness. The potential strategy to enhance the toughness of cement involves tailoring the ordered packing of calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H). However, the mechanism to achieve ordered packing of C–S–H is still limited. Here, we report a method to modify the self-assembly pathway by utilizing high content of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) at the nanoscale, ultimately attaining the ordered packing of C-S-H nanostructures. The evolution of the crystal phase, chemical structure, morphology and nanomechanical properties was systematically analysed. The results demonstrate the particles of APTES-modified C–S–H exhibit a ‘brick-mixed’ structure similar to nanostructured shells. These brick-like C–S–H nanoparticles are aligned in the same direction, separated by a low elastic modulus binding layer between adjacent bricks. The modified brick-like C-S-H exhibited a remarkably high elastic modulus above 60.0 GPa, significantly surpassing that of classic C-S-H. The modification of the self-assembly pathway are influenced by APTES content and curing time. And hydrogen bonding plays a crucial role in shaping the packing system of C–S–H. This study provides fundamental data and insights into mechanisms for developing new cementitious materials with enhanced toughness.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexural capacity of concrete beams reinforced by different types of polypropylene fibers and FRP bars","authors":"Zhiyi Tang, Xiongjun He, Bingyan Wei, Huayi Wang, Ming Zhou, Chao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112650","url":null,"abstract":"The application of basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) reinforcements offers benefits such as high strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and eco-friendliness, making it a focal point in architectural advancements. The integration of polypropylene fiber (PPF) enhances the crack resistance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams and fiber-reinforced polymer reinforced concrete (FRPRC) beams, effectively mitigating the challenges associated with large quantities and widths of cracks in FRPRC beams. However, the performance characteristics, crack resistance, and relevant calculation methods of mesh polypropylene fiber (M-PPF) and imitation steel polypropylene fiber (IS-PPF) in relation to RC and FRPRC beams require further investigation. This study tested flexural load capacity of various types of PPF-RC beams and PPF-FRPRC beams. Utilizing concrete beam calculation methods from the three international codes, the cracking and ultimate load of both PPFRC and PPF-FRPRC beams were calculated, subsequently comparing and analyzing the results against experimental data. The integration of different types of PPF enhanced the compressive and splitting tensile strength of concrete by 9.87 % and 53.22 %, respectively. The cracking load of RC beams, BFRP-RC beams, and CFRP-RC beams increased by 17.13 %, 6.10 %, and 7.16 %, respectively, while the ultimate load increased by 6.28 %, 11.54 %, and 10.52 %, respectively. In the assessment of <mml:math altimg=\"si1.svg\"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mi>r</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mi>exp</mml:mi></mml:msubsup><mml:mo linebreak=\"goodbreak\" linebreakstyle=\"after\">/</mml:mo><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mi>r</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mi>l</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math> ratios derived from ACI (American Concrete Institute), CSA (Canadian Standards Association), and EC2 (Eurocode 2), the computational outcomes align most closely with the experimental results when following the EC2 specification. Regarding the evaluation of <mml:math altimg=\"si2.svg\"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mi>u</mml:mi><mml:mi>exp</mml:mi></mml:msubsup><mml:mo linebreak=\"goodbreak\" linebreakstyle=\"after\">/</mml:mo><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mi>u</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mi>l</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math> ratios determined from ACI, ISIS (Intelligent Sensing for Innovative Structures), and GB 50608, the calculated results from ISIS and GB 50608 exhibit the closest proximity to the experimental results. The current standard used for determining the flexural capacity of concrete beams with varying reinforcement materials applies to the corresponding capacity assessments of diverse PPF-RC beams and PPF-FRPRC beams in this study. This validation demonstrates the viability and generalizab","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial plastic shrinkage of 3D-printed concrete incorporating recycled brick fine aggregates: Insights from water transport and structural evolution","authors":"Lutao Jia ,&nbsp;Enlai Dong ,&nbsp;Kailun Xia ,&nbsp;Geng Niu ,&nbsp;Zijian Jia ,&nbsp;Hanquan Yuan ,&nbsp;Yueyi Gao ,&nbsp;Yamei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to factors such as low water-to-cement ratio, high cement content, absence of formwork, and high surface area-to-volume ratio, 3D-printed concrete (3DPC) is prone to early plastic shrinkage and cracking, posing risks to mechanical properties and long-term durability. This paper investigated the influence of substituting natural river sand with recycled brick fine aggregates (RBFA) on the performance of 3DPC during plastic phase of hydration. In this study, two different strategies for incorporating RBFA were evaluated: dry RBFA-D and water-saturated RBFA-W. The water absorption-release characteristics of RBFA impact water evaporation rate, the growth of capillary pressure and the evolution of elastic modulus, thereby influencing the plastic shrinkage of 3DPC. RBFA-W continuously releases water into the paste, offsetting water evaporation, decreasing the rise in capillary pressure, and thereby reducing plastic shrinkage. Conversely, adding RBFA-D speeds up capillary pressure growth, yet its rapid increase in elastic modulus strengthens its capacity to resist plastic shrinkage. Based on the water transport, structural development, and plastic shrinkage evolution, three clear stages were distinguished in this research. This study presents a new strategy to mitigate plastic shrinkage of 3DPC using RBFA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 112665"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disintegration characteristics and microscopic mechanism of soda residue-fly ash stabilized clay","authors":"Xiaoqing Zhao ,&nbsp;Tianfeng Yang ,&nbsp;Bo Huang ,&nbsp;Chunan Zhan ,&nbsp;Jianzhuang Xiao ,&nbsp;Qinghai Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water-induced disintegration is a critical issue in soil stabilization. In this study, soda residue (SR) and fly ash (FA) were mixed to improve the properties of high liquid limit clay (HLC), forming soda residue-fly ash stabilized clay (SRFSC), with cement and/or lime for further stabilization. The mix proportions of the SRFSC were optimized by the orthogonal method, using the compaction, unconfined compressive strength, shear, and disintegration tests. Meanwhile, microscopic tests were performed to reveal the possible mechanical mechanisms. The results showed that the SR and FA content are the primary determinants influencing the mechanical properties of SRFSC. When the base proportion is 70 % SR + 20 % FA + 10 % HLC, the strength is highest (2.45 MPa). At this proportion, the specimen with no cementitious material exhibits the best water disintegration resistance (WDR), reaching 107 min. Adding cement and lime can significantly enhance the WDR of the SRFSC, from complete disintegration at 0.28 min to remaining intact after soaking for 28 days. During field application, the cementitious materials content can be adjusted according to the actual conditions. The superior mechanical properties and WDR of SRFSC are mainly due to the good gradation and dense microstructure. The soda residue can provide abundant Ca²⁺ to enhance both the mechanical properties and WDR of SRFSC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 112676"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical success factor (CSF) framework for implementing net-positive housing in the water, energy, food, environment (WEFE) Nexus: Insights from Jordan and South Africa","authors":"Victoria Andrea Cotella, Rania Aburamadan, Ala Erekat, Ciprian Daniel Neagu, Ali Shehadeh, Alireza Moghayedi, Iqbal M. Mujtaba","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112659","url":null,"abstract":"Addressing the specific challenges faced by low-income communities, such as poor housing conditions, is crucial while simultaneously working toward global sustainability goals, including net-zero emissions and climate change mitigation. This study explores the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) influencing the Water, Energy, Food, and Environment (WEFE) nexus within the Sustainable, Innovative, Affordable Housing (SIAH) framework in Jordan and South Africa. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted to identify Net-Positive SIAH strategies, incorporating document searching, filtering, and content analysis to classify CSFs. Additionally, a semi-structured questionnaire campaign collected data from both countries, which was analysed using unsupervised Machine Learning (ML) techniques to cluster responses and establish the relative importance and interconnections of CSFs through a Gephi network. Findings highlights key priorities within the WEFE nexus, providing insights into region-specific sustainability challenges and solutions. The study contributes a novel, evidence-based approach to affordable and sustainable housing by systematically quantifying and mapping CSF interrelationships. This research advances the understanding of Net-Positive housing by integrating technological, environmental, and social dimensions, offering practical implications for policymakers, urban planners, and stakeholders in the Global South.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"219 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acid effect on permeable polymer concrete containing different resin and aggregate types","authors":"Abdurrahim Emre Özdemir ,&nbsp;Serdal Ünal ,&nbsp;Arda Büyüksungur ,&nbsp;Mehmet Canbaz","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Degradation of permeable concretes due to chemical effects under outdoor conditions is one of the most important problems affecting permeability. In this study, resin-based binders were used as an alternative solution to this problem and permeable concretes with sustainable performance were obtained. Resin-based binders offer an alternative to traditional cementitious materials in acidic and coastal environments due to their superior resistance to moisture and chemical degradation. In this study, the mechanical and microstructural performance of polymer permeable concrete (PPC) made with polyester and epoxy resins and different aggregate types (calcite and basalt) under long-term acid exposure was investigated. Specimens were exposed to 10 % hydrochloric acid solution for 90 and 180 days and flexural, compressive, and splitting tensile strengths were evaluated. The results showed that polyester-based PPC with calcite aggregates exhibited up to 90 % loss of flexural strength and 60 % loss of compressive strength, while epoxy-based PPC with basalt aggregates retained 55 % of flexural strength and 40 % of compressive strength after 180 days. Hydraulic permeability decreased by up to 25 % due to acid-induced microstructural degradation. Micro-CT and SEM-EDS analyses revealed increased microcrack formation in polyester-based samples, while epoxy-based PPC showed better structural integrity. Machine learning regression analysis successfully predicted the permeability changes. These results highlight the superior acid resistance of epoxy-based PPC, especially with basalt aggregates, and support its potential use in infrastructure exposed to aggressive environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 112668"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Force transfer mechanism and shear performance of perfobond strip connector encased in UHPC","authors":"Xia Yang, Cheng-shuo Han, Jun-jie He, Yong-jian Zhou, Jie Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112651","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the load-transfer mechanism of Perfobond Leiste (PBL) shear connectors between ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) slabs and steel beams. Twelve standard push-out specimens were designed and tested to examine the effects of the number of holes, hole spacing, steel fiber content, and perforating rebar diameter on the shear performance of PBLs. The failure modes, load-slip curves, and shear performance of the specimens were analyzed via test results. Additionally, based on a validated finite element analysis model, the load-transfer mechanism of PBL shear connectors was further investigated, and the influences of hole diameter, UHPC strength, and perforating rebar yield strength were explored. The results indicated that steel fibers and perforating rebars significantly influenced the failure modes of the specimens. As the steel fiber content increased from 0 % to 3 %, the initial shear stiffness, shear capacity, and failure slip increased by 184.9 %, 253.4 %, and 66.7 %, respectively. When the number of holes increased from 1 to 3, the average shear stiffness and shear capacity per hole decreased by 15.4 % and 7.2 %, respectively. For double-hole PBL connectors, the initial load-sharing ratio between the two holes was approximately 0.7, increasing to 0.9 at peak load. The recommended hole spacing for PBLs in UHPC was 120 mm, as it provided the best shear performance. Given that the group effect had a more significant impact on shear stiffness than shear capacity, it is essential to account for reduction factors when calculating the shear stiffness of multi-row PBL configurations. Based on experimental results and finite element analysis, improved prediction equations for the shear stiffness and shear capacity of single-row and multi-row PBLs encased in UHPC were proposed, and their accuracy and applicability were validated using an experimental database.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing microstructural insights in 3D-Printed cementitious materials via X-ray micro-computed tomography","authors":"Junli Liu ,&nbsp;Hai Hoang Khieu ,&nbsp;Mien Van Tran ,&nbsp;Phuong Tran","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work aims to provide a comprehensive review of utilising X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) to analyse 3D-printed cementitious composites and porous concrete (foamed concrete and pervious concrete), followed by recent machine learning applications in μCT analysis of cementitious materials. The X-ray μCT analysis on 3D-printed concrete primarily reveals the porosity distribution along the layer height and pore morphology, which correlate with the mechanical and durability properties of 3D-printed concrete. On the other hand, a proper phase segmentation method is considered critical to accurately differentiate the air void phase from the solid phase in porous concrete. Machine learning has been predominantly applied to develop reliable and automated models that can efficiently segment different phases in the X-ray μCT sliced images of concrete, including air voids, aggregates, cement paste and lightweight polymer fibres. Meanwhile, an in-depth understanding of the concrete failure mechanism could be achieved by segmenting crack phases from air void phases with the assistance of machine learning. X-ray μCT should be regarded as a powerful tool for visualising and characterising the pore structures of both 3D-printed and porous concrete. Furthermore, the integration of machine learning shows the promising future of moving the X-ray μCT analysis on cementitious materials towards higher efficiency and reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 112675"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating microbiologically influenced corrosion in alkali-activated materials incorporating alum sludge","authors":"Weiwei Duan ,&nbsp;Yue Liu ,&nbsp;Christopher W.K. Chow ,&nbsp;Alexandra Keegan ,&nbsp;Yan Zhuge","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) resistance of alkali-activated materials (AAMs) incorporating alum-based water treatment sludge (AWTS) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS). AAMs are developed as sustainable alternatives to conventional cement for sewage infrastructure, with the aim of addressing durability issues and reducing environmental impact. AAM mortar and paste samples were prepared with AWTS-to-GGBS ratios ranging from GGBS-only to 60/40 and exposed to sulphur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) under simulated MIC conditions. The mechanical performance, water transportability, phase compositions and microstructural transformations resulting from MIC exposure were evaluated in the study. Results indicate that AWTS reduces the availability of calcium species, thereby mitigating gypsum formation and slowing acid-induced degradation. Samples containing 20 %–40 % AWTS retained more than 50 % higher compressive strength compared to GGBS-only sample after MIC exposure. Their lower porosity effectively limited SOB penetration and acid attack. These findings highlight the potential of AWTS-based AAMs as durable, eco-friendly materials for use in corrosive wastewater environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 112682"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}