Journal of building engineering最新文献

{"title":"Structural behaviour and performance assessment of proposed concrete-filled quadruple steel tubular (CFQST) cross-sections under compressive loading: Experimental and numerical study.","authors":"Ishan Jha, Sekhar Chandra Dutta, Vikash Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113828","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demand for resilient and efficient structural systems has prompted extensive research into composite columns, notably concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) and concrete-filled double steel tubular (CFDST) columns. Extending these innovations, this study introduces and investigates a new composite column type, concrete-filled quadruple steel tubular (CFQST) columns, comprising an external steel tube and four internal steel tubes embedded in a concrete core. Structural performance of square and circular CFQST columns is rigorously assessed under axial and lateral loads using combined experimental and numerical approaches, evaluating critical parameters including outer steel confinement thickness (<ce:math altimg=\"si1.svg\"></ce:math>), hollow ratio (<ce:math altimg=\"si3.svg\"></ce:math>), internal tube shape, and radial distance factor (RDF). Results indicate CFQST columns significantly outperform traditional reinforced concrete (RC), CFST, and CFDST columns, showing enhancements up to 43% in axial load capacity, 137% in lateral load capacity, 103% in axial ductility, and 81% in lateral ductility relative to conventional RC columns. Optimal structural performance occurs at hollow ratios between 0.33 and 0.38 and an RDF of 0.50, effectively balancing concrete volume and steel confinement. Further, square internal tubes provided superior performance compared to circular tubes, resulting in higher load capacities and notably improved ductility. A modified analytical expression incorporating a confinement amplification factor (<ce:math altimg=\"si34.svg\"></ce:math>) is developed specifically to predict axial load capacities of CFQST columns, demonstrating strong agreement with experimental results (maximum prediction error of 6.36%, <ce:math altimg=\"si35.svg\"></ce:math> = 0.84, COV = 0.0457, MEAN = 0.94). These findings underscore CFQST columns' potential as an innovative, efficient, and highly ductile solutions, suitable for seismic-resistant structures.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systemic survey towards predictive maintenance in the building industry based on network analysis","authors":"Wei HU, Zhuoheng XIE, Yiyu CAI","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113889","url":null,"abstract":"The advanced maintenance paradigm has gained paramount importance in the contemporary building industry due to the increasing demands for preserving building environmental integrity and enhancing functional longevity. Driven by the rapid evolution of information and communication technology, Predictive Maintenance (PdM) promotes more proactive solutions, such as failure prediction and pre-emptive scheduling. However, a notable research gap still exists in systematically integrating and applying these technologies during the Maintenance 4.0 era, particularly in the building industry. The gap is characterised by the ill-defined role of PdM in the building industry, alongside ambiguous deployment challenges and potential directions. To bridge this gap, this research conducted a comprehensive literature review of 122 papers over the past 5 years. Firstly, four research clusters are identified and analysed through keyword network analysis to elucidate technological development trajectories. Then, a novel SixM approach and real-life case analysis are employed to provide insights into the existing methodology and application. Lastly, a detailed summary of the current research status is presented, followed by a discussion of future direction and potential challenges.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144901916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interfacial Reinforcement Behavior of Lightweight Aggregates–Binder Matrix in High-Strength Mortars Incorporating Carbon Nanotubes","authors":"Sumin Im, Peiqi Li, Junxing Liu, Seungmin Lim, Sungchul Bae","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113848","url":null,"abstract":"In lightweight high-performance concrete with low water-to-cement ratios, pre-saturated lightweight aggregates (LWA) can increase the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) porosity owing to rapid internal water release. This study investigated the feasibility of improving ITZ morphology and strengthening aggregate–binder bonding in lightweight high-strength mortars through the incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). CNTs acted as nucleation sites and formed mechanical interlocks, reducing ITZ thickness and heterogeneity, particularly near pre-saturated LWA. Well-dispersed CNT-incorporated lightweight mortars achieved up to 120% higher compressive and flexural strength than the control specimens (compressive strength: 72 MPa, flexural strength: 4.54 MPa), whereas the ITZ thickness adjacent to the LWA decreased from 35 to 15 μm. Overall, the synergistic effect of LWA internal curing and CNT reinforcement offers an effective strategy to enhance the ITZ microstructure and improve mechanical performance in lightweight high-strength mortars.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144901914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of Creep Energy and Damage Constitutive Model for Waste Tire Rubber Concrete","authors":"Zhixi Liu, Qingheng Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113877","url":null,"abstract":"As one of the largest solid wastes globally, the processing of waste tires into rubber particles for use in concrete not only addresses the disposal issue of discarded tires but also facilitates resource recycling. The application of rubberized concrete in engineering is of paramount importance; however, its creep behavior under long-term loading has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this paper conducted conventional triaxial creep experiments on concrete with varying rubber replacement ratios and confining pressures. Research indicates that: (1) The duration of creep and the amount of deformation are significantly positively correlated with the rubber replacement rate (<ce:italic>Q</ce:italic>) and confining pressure. When the replacement rate increases from 0% to 15%, the creep time increases by 199.7% when the confining pressure increases to 20MPa. (2) The elastic strain energy density (<ce:italic>u</ce:italic><ce:sup loc=\"post\">e</ce:sup>) decreases linearly with the increase of creep time, and the attenuation coefficient K is negatively correlated with the <ce:italic>Q</ce:italic>. (3) A conventional triaxial stress equilibrium unloading test was proposed, and the absence of damage under the unloading of the test was verified by the activity level of acoustic emission events. Combined with the linear attenuation law, a creep energy analysis method for concrete was proposed. (4) Both the dissipated strain energy density (<ce:italic>u</ce:italic><ce:sup loc=\"post\">d</ce:sup>) and the input strain energy density (<ce:italic>u</ce:italic>) during the creep process show a three-stage growth characteristic, with their growth rates following the laws of deceleration, constant speed, and acceleration, respectively. (5) Based on the evolution law of <ce:italic>u</ce:italic><ce:sup loc=\"post\">d</ce:sup> of rubber concrete, and a constitutive model that can describe different <ce:italic>Q</ce:italic> and confining pressures was established according to the elastic principle and superposition method.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) to develop eco-friendly grouts for shallow geothermal energy applications—a laboratory study","authors":"Jian Zhao, Zhiqiang Feng, Chathuranga Balasooriya Arachchilage, Nimila Dushyantha, Rajender Gupta, Wei Victor Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113872","url":null,"abstract":"Utilizing low-carbon, cement-based grouts is essential for promoting a more sustainable approach to harnessing shallow geothermal energy. This study aims to develop eco-friendly, cement-based grouts utilizing limestone calcined clay cement (LC<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup>) for shallow geothermal energy applications. The development of the grouts involved two steps. First, the grout composed of 90% LC<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup>, 5% CSA cement, and 5% gypsum was identified as the optimum binder system (named LC<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup>-90 in the mixture design) based on tests for density, thermal conductivity, volumetric stability, and compressive strength. Secondly, based on the optimum binder system, different contents of graphite (3, 6, 9, and 12 wt.% of binders) were incorporated into the grout to enhance its thermal performance. The results indicate that the developed grouts achieved thermal conductivity up to 1.862 W/mK in dry states and 3.184 W/mK when fully saturated, with a negligible shrinkage of -0.0091% and a high compressive strength of 26.04 MPa. Finally, a life cycle analysis (LCA) revealed that the greenhouse gas emission of the developed grouts is only around 377 kg CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> eq per 1 m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup> grout, which is up to 36% lower than traditional OPC-based grout. In conclusion, the developed grouts provide excellent heat transfer and sealing capacities, improving the overall performance of shallow geothermal systems while significantly reducing environmental impacts.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Waste Glass Powder on Printability, Hydration and Microstructure of 3D Printing Concrete","authors":"Yini Lin, Jiachuan Yan, Ming Sun, Boyang Tang, Xiaoyu Han","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113882","url":null,"abstract":"3D printing concrete (3DPC) technology plays an increasingly important role in intelligent construction, requiring improved performance and reduced environmental impact. In this study, waste glass powder (WGP) was used as a sustainable supplementary cementitious material (SCM) to partially replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC) or silica fume (SF) in 3DPC. The effects of WGP on printability, mechanical properties, hydration behavior, and pore structure were evaluated. Results showed that replacing OPC with WGP initially enhanced extrudability due to reduced friction, but excessive replacement led to reduced buildability caused by the angular shape of WGP particles. While early-age hydration was delayed, later hydration was accelerated by the filler and nucleation effects. The optimal replacement level of 10–15% WGP improved 28-day compressive strength through pozzolanic reactions. In contrast, replacing SF with WGP had limited impact on mechanical and microstructural performance. These findings provide insights into the effective use of WGP in 3DPC for enhanced performance and sustainability.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144901913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal activation study and characteristic analysis of a grouting material made with gold tailings","authors":"Changxin Huang, Lianzhen Zhang, Qingsong Zhang, Yiwei Hu, Zongjian Yang, Duan Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113845","url":null,"abstract":"Large quantities of tailings generated by mining activities have caused both environmental and safety issues, making the efficient utilization of tailings an urgent imperative. However, research on gold tailings remains significantly limited, particularly in the field of grouting materials. In this study, an attempt was made to utilize gold tailings for the preparation of grouting materials. Through calcination experiments and X-ray diffraction analysis, the influence mechanisms of calcination temperature, holding time, and cooling method on the mineral composition of the resulting clinker were investigated. Meanwhile, rheological testing, fluidity measurement, bleeding rate test, and strength test, combined with scanning electron microscopy observation and thermogravimetric analysis, were employed to analyze the performance characteristics of gold-tailings-based slurries. Results showed that 1400°C was the threshold temperature for the complete reaction of free calcium oxide, with the tricalcium silicate content increased to 61.7%. The quenching process can retain more metastable high-activity phases, increasing the strength of the stone body by 90%-150%. Rapid quenching after holding at 1400°C for 60 minutes was the optimal thermal activation process for preparing cementitious grouting materials from gold tailings. Under this optimal activation condition, compared with ordinary Portland cement slurry, the resulting slurry exhibited a 40% reduction in viscosity, a 3% improvement in fluidity, and an 11% decrease in bleeding rate. Additionally, the calcination temperature was 50°C-100°C lower. The corresponding 3-day and 28-day compressive strength of grout stones reached 128% and 110% of ordinary Portland cement stones. Microstructural characterization revealed that the grout stone developed a dense, interconnected network, with closely interwoven hydration products. In conclusion, gold tailings can be used in preparing grouting materials through appropriate thermal activation.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"198 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preferential mix proportion and material constitutive relationship of recycled concrete modified with waste steel fibers and rubber","authors":"Fujin Zhuge, Haoxiang He, Chenglong Wang, Yilong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113852","url":null,"abstract":"Given the inherent limitations of traditional recycled concrete, such as low strength and poor toughness, which prevent its direct substitution for natural concrete in practical applications, the incorporation scheme of steel fibers and rubber particles is proposed in this study to enhance its mechanical properties. Various combinations of recycled coarse aggregates (30%, 40%, 50%), steel fibers (1%, 2%) and rubber particles (5%, 10%) with differing contents are designed, and the mechanical properties, including strength and toughness, are evaluated through uniaxial compression and four-point bending tests. The results indicate that the overall performance of steel fiber rubber-modified recycled concrete is higher than that of natural concrete, with an improvement of 9.83% in the C3R5S2 group compared to the C0R0S0 group. The addition of an appropriate amount of steel fiber can significantly improve the mechanical strength and toughness of recycled concrete. However, the inclusion of rubber particles reduces both compressive and flexural strength but slightly enhances crack resistance and improves the damage pattern. Considering the trade-off between strength, toughness and economic cost, the optimal proportions of recycled coarse aggregate, steel fibers, and rubber particles are determined to be 1% steel fiber content and 5% rubber particle content for recycled coarse aggregate substitution rates below 50%. Additionally, the compressive stress-strain equations for the modified recycled concrete were established. These findings provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for the practical use of modified recycled concrete as a viable alternative to natural concrete in engineering applications, has significant potential for widespread adoption.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption performance in the S-band with reconfigurable encoding phase gradient metasurface of cementitious materials","authors":"Yaoyao Wu, Xiongfei Liu, Ying Xu, Bo Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113850","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional cementitious microwave absorbers remained concerns of extending the electromagnetic wave absorption performance (EWAP) in the S-band (2–4 GHz). In this study, an encoding phase gradient metasurface (PGM) tailored for the EWAP in the S-band was proposed and analyzed. Leveraging the generalized Snell's law, phase gradients within the pyramid-shaped metasurface unit were introduced to create a 1-bit encoding PGM consisting of two elements, “0” and “1”, with nearly 180° reflection phase difference. Various arrangements of these elements were explored, including one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and rotational arrangements, to investigate the effects on the EWAP of the encoding PGM. The results demonstrated a significant enhancement in EWAP in the S-band using the encoding PGM. Cementitious-material-based encoding PGM demonstrated a full-band effective absorption bandwidth, with the reflection loss (RL) remaining below -10 dB across a frequency range extending from 2 GHz to 18 GHz. Particularly, within the S-band, the one-dimensional encoding PGM made of cementitious materials exhibited a minimum RL amounting to -67.9 dB and an average RL of -25.1 dB. Furthermore, the effects of both microstructural and macrostructural designs for cementitious materials on EWAP at multiple scales were elucidated by CST Microwave Studio. This study effectively validated the potential application value of integrated design strategies involving cementitious materials, PGM structure, and an enhancement in the EWAP.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Durability and microstructure of bulk solid waste recycled concrete load-bearing block under freeze-thaw cycles","authors":"Yunpeng Qi, Qiusheng Wang, Zhiyi Li, Yijun Xiong, Chen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113881","url":null,"abstract":"In order to increase the utilization of solid waste resources and improve the performance of recycled concrete blocks in severe cold regions of Qinghai-Tibet, bulk solid waste recycled concrete load-bearing blocks were prepared by using recycled aggregate and industrial waste residue. The evolution of impermeability, water resistance and frost resistance of recycled concrete load-bearing blocks under freeze-thaw cycles was studied, and the microstructure was analyzed by SEM and NMR. The results show that the durability of the block is negatively correlated with the number of freeze-thaw cycles and the amount of recycled fine aggregate, and the freeze-thaw 35 times is the mutation point of the damage threshold. The active waste residue can promote secondary hydration, optimize the internal pore structure, and improve freeze-thaw damage. When the replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregate is 100 %, mixed with 30 % fly ash and 10 % slag, the compressive strength of the block is 11.77 MPa, and the flexural strength is 3.89 MPa. After 50 freeze-thaw cycles, the permeability, water absorption, mass loss, compressive strength and flexural strength loss are reduced by 2.20 %, 3.85 %, 12 %, 18.4 % and 10.32 % respectively compared with ordinary concrete load-bearing blocks, and the softening coefficient is increased by 1.11 %, which meets the requirements of load-bearing and durability in severe cold regions. The freeze-thaw damage of recycled concrete load-bearing block presents the chain reaction characteristics of 'pore water phase transition → micro crack initiation → aggregate crushing → macro spalling'. Based on the performance-cost-carbon emission analysis, the single addition of 100 % recycled coarse aggregate is not conducive to low-carbon emission reduction. The comprehensive performance of 100 % recycled coarse aggregate, 30 % fly ash and 10 % slag is the best, and the carbon emission reduction rate is 31.03 %.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}