Journal of building engineering最新文献

{"title":"Shear capacity experiment, load-bearing capacity calculation, and numerical simulation of reinforced geopolymer concrete beams","authors":"Cun Hui, Yuanqing Wang, Fei Lei, Ran Hai, Haipeng Wu, Fei Yang, Xuelei Cheng, Junxia Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113375","url":null,"abstract":"Geopolymer concrete, an innovative eco-friendly building material, effectively reduces carbon dioxide emissions while advancing green and sustainable societal development. Nine reinforced geopolymer concrete beams with varying stirrup ratios and shear span ratios were designed. Under monotonic loading, the failure processes, failure modes, load-displacement responses, critical loads, and corresponding displacements were analyzed. The experimental bearing capacities were compared with the calculated values from Chinese, American, and European design codes. A shear capacity equation for reinforced geopolymer concrete beams was proposed, incorporating stirrup ratio, shear span ratio, and other influencing factors. Additionally, a finite element model of the beams was developed using ABAQUS software. Experimental and simulated load-displacement curves and failure modes were compared. Results indicate that all specimens exhibited shear failure. Increasing the stirrup ratio enhanced shear capacity by up to 20.4%. Conversely, a higher shear span ratio reduced peak load by 39.6–43.3% while increasing peak deformation capacity by 197.8–241.5%. The proposed shear capacity equation aligns closely with experimental results, and the finite element model accurately replicates both load-displacement behavior and failure modes. These findings provide experimental and theoretical foundations for engineering applications of geopolymer concrete materials.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144578207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Cooling Method of Constructing Multiple Internal Holes Combined with Water Injection/Air Ventilation for Mass Concrete Temperature Control and Its Application to Canal Navigation Walls","authors":"Danni Luo, Jinyi Huang, Lilong Shen, Jianzhuang Xiao, Yu Hu, Haixing Mo","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113369","url":null,"abstract":"Controlling temperature and preventing cracking of mass concrete are critical research topics in hydraulic structures. A new combined temperature control technique of constructing multiple internal holes combined with water injection/air ventilation for mass concrete was introduced in this study. The efficacy of this technique was investigated by applying it to a canal navigation wall. Initially, a thermal-stress coupling finite element analysis method was employed to simulate the temperature field of multi-hole concrete placement blocks with various cooling measures. The accuracy of the numerical model and calculation method were validated using a field prototype test with a maximum temperature error of less than 5 %. Subsequently, a series of numerical case studies for an entire multi-hole navigation wall were conducted to analyze the effectiveness of various combined cooling measures during the construction phase. The mechanical behavior and the safety of the multi-hole navigation wall were also analyzed. The results indicate that the water injection (WJ) measure is the most effective combined means for temperature reduction in multi-hole structures. The application of this new technology to the overall structure of a navigation wall can reduce the maximum internal temperature (<ce:italic>T</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">max</ce:inf>) by 3-7% and surface tensile stress (<ce:italic>σ</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">S</ce:inf>) by 6-14%. This, in turn, significantly reduces the risk of cracking. During the operational phase, the safety factors against sliding (<ce:italic>K</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">s</ce:inf>), overturning (<ce:italic>K</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">o</ce:inf>), and buoyancy (<ce:italic>K</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">f</ce:inf>) of the multi-hole navigation wall satisfied the standard requirements. These results provide a scientific basis for the application of this new temperature control technology.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144578122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A turbulent flow topology optimization design method for high-efficiency diffusers in HVAC systems","authors":"Zijing Fan, Ran Gao, Xin Dong, Guozhi Qiu, Tong Li, Angui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113368","url":null,"abstract":"Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems account for 30% to 50% of total energy consumption in buildings. As terminal devices in ventilation and air-conditioning systems, circular diffusers serve as the final interface between the system and occupants, play key roles in system operation, energy consumption, and indoor environmental quality. However, traditional circular diffusers exhibit high resistance coefficients and low energy utilization efficiency, which present great challenges for building energy conservation and indoor air quality. This study adopts an improved variable density topology optimization method and proposes an optimization objective function as a jet length Euler number (JLEN) for a topology diffuser. The JLEN controls the design from outside the domain and obtains a new diffuser structure. The drag reduction rate and jet length improvement rate of the topology diffuser under different working conditions are analyzed via CFD numerical simulations, full-scale experiments and energy dissipation verification. The results show that the drag reduction rate of the topology diffuser can reach 62.3%, and the jet length improvement can reach 13.7% compared with traditional diffusers. The guide vane curvature of the topology diffuser can guide airflow adhesion well and reduce the energy dissipation caused by vortex and fluid deformation. Previous studies on local components have been limited to single-objective function control and optimization within the design domain. This study achieved control and optimization of multi-objective functions, laying a foundation for the future optimization of more complex local resistance components with high degrees of freedom.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144578120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of pore pressure in self-compacting concrete with natural fibers at high temperatures","authors":"Zishuo Fu, Yao Yao, Ye Li, Dong Zhang, Hongcun Guo, Yang Song, He Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113374","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the fact that concrete pore pressures play an important role in structural integrity in realistic fire scenarios, there are still few reports on understanding the evolution of pore pressures during all fire phases, especially during constant temperature and natural cooling. The current gap in understanding still exists due to the past focus on the heating phase. This study investigated pore pressure variations in natural fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete with varying dosages under high-temperature conditions, expanding upon previous research that focused solely on pore pressure measurements during the heating phase. Novel observations were incorporated for both constant-temperature and natural cooling stages, with particular emphasis on the emergence and dissipation mechanisms of pore pressure arising from thermal expansion mismatch between the matrix and vapor. During the heating phase, pore pressure was primarily attributed to the vapor pressure generated by the evaporation and expansion of free water in cementitious materials and decomposition water from hydration products, accompanied by in-depth analysis of vapor source identification and pore formation dynamics. Notably, a phenomenon contradicting conventional expectations emerged during the constant-temperature phase: The persistent thermal expansion discrepancy between matrix pores and vapor resulted in incomplete vapor release, thereby inducing secondary pore pressure development. Meanwhile, the maximum pore pressure decreased from 1.91 MPa to 1 MPa as the fibre volume doping increased from 0 to 0.3%. To elucidate these mechanisms, systematic validation was conducted through thermal expansion testing, mass variation, FTIR, and water vapor adsorption experiments. During the cooling phase, synchronized temperature reduction of internal moisture decreased pore pressure, while vapor adsorption from external environment by the matrix led to further mass increase.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monotonic/cyclic behavior of postfire RC beam-column joints without/with CFRP retrofitting: Experiments","authors":"Vui Van Cao, Det Van Doan, Luan Hoai Dinh, Huy Ba Vo","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113371","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, one control, four 45-min, and four 75-min fire-exposed reinforced concrete (RC) joints without/with CFRP retrofitting were tested under monotonic/cyclic loadings. In each of the four postfire joints, two joints were not retrofitted, and two joints were retrofitted with CFRP. The results showed that, under monotonic loading, the control joint formed a plastic hinge <ce:italic>l</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\"><ce:italic>p</ce:italic></ce:inf> = <ce:italic>h/2</ce:italic> from the column surface. Fires elongated the plastic hinge length to <ce:italic>l</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\"><ce:italic>p</ce:italic></ce:inf> = <ce:italic>h</ce:italic>. Cyclic loading formed a thorough crack running from one side to the other side at the beam end. CFRP retrofitting further concentrated a main crack on the beam-end section and developed toward the joint center. The combination of fire, CFRP retrofitting, and cyclic loading further shifted the damage and cracks to the joint center and prevented the damage in the retrofitted regions of beams and columns. The performance and mechanical properties of postfire RC joints were affected detrimentally by fire and/or cyclic loading, and beneficially by CFRP retrofitting. Compared with the control joint, fire decreased the stiffness of postfire RC joints by 14.2%−25.5%, ultimate load by about 11%, while it marginally reduced the yield load. The combination of fire and cyclic loading decreased the stiffness of postfire RC joints by 12.8%−27.0%, ultimate load by 21%, ductility by 82.2% (to low ductile behavior), and yield load by 4.6%−9.1%. CFRP retrofitting almost recovered the stiffness and improved the ultimate load by 15% and yield load by 0.1%−9.7% of postfire RC joints compared with the control joint. It improved the ductility to ‘highly ductile’. Cyclic loading caused a significant degradation in secant stiffness at an average value of 4.0%/cycle. It also caused minor strength degradation for small-amplitude cycles, significant strength degradation for cycles larger than critical cycles. Un-retrofitted and retrofitted joints under cyclic loading had an average pinching index of 0.75, showing a significantly high level of pinching.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation of Transport Properties in Self-Compacting Concrete Under Thermal Stress","authors":"Pavan Kumar, Dr. Umesh Kumar Sharma, Dr. A.B. Danie Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113361","url":null,"abstract":"Self-compacting concrete (SCC) has emerged as a material that enhances workability and exhibits mechanical performance comparable to conventional concrete. This aspect of SCC may help restore strength and durability, the critical parameters for effective rehabilitation and reusability, after a structure is exposed to fire. However, beyond mechanical strength, SCC must also meet durability requirements, particularly regarding its transport properties. The presented study investigates the impact of elevated temperatures on the transport properties of SCC. The study examines the changes in transport properties, such as water sorptivity, air permeability, and chloride migration, before and after exposure to high temperatures (300°C, 500°C, 800°C) for variable exposure time (60 min. and 120 min.) and cooling techniques (ambient air cooling and water spraying). In addition, the mechanical properties of SCC, such as compressive strength and mass loss, were evaluated. The results indicate significant degradation in transport properties as compared to compressive strength. Degradation in the transport properties started at 300°C. Among all transport properties, the air permeability showed the highest sensitivity, and maximum degradation occurred at this temperature. Although mechanical properties also declined, their deterioration was less pronounced than that of the transport properties; a significant degradation occurred after 300°C. Notably, extending the exposure duration from 60 to 120 minutes had a relatively minor impact, whereas the use of water quenching as a cooling method further intensified the degradation, likely due to the effects of thermal shock over normal cooling. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was also conducted to check the microstructure of the SCC after fire exposure.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of natural carbonation depths in concretes with ensemble metamodel based on artificial neural networks from time series analysis with 20 years of exposure","authors":"Tiago Ferreira Campos Neto, Oswaldo Cascudo","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113352","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the growing use of carbonation depth prediction models based on artificial neural networks, the ensemble architecture stands out due to its ability to combine different predictive models into a single metamodel, increasing the accuracy of predictions. However, applying these cybernetic models requires greater rigor on the completeness and robustness of the databases employed in the training and validation phases of neural networks. Treating the carbonation depth databases as time series can be a favorable strategy to guarantee completeness and robustness. Thus, this article aims to predict the carbonation depths of concrete structures using an AVR-SARIMA-LSTM-MLP ensemble metamodel with hybrid architecture for neural networks associated with time series analysis. The metamodel was based on several individual SARIMA-LSTM-MLP predictor models trained and validated with information from 36 concretes with different water/binder ratios (0.40, 0.55, and 0.77), types of mineral additions (rice husk ash, fly ash, blast furnace slag, metakaolin, silica fume, and reference – no mineral addition), and curing conditions (wet and dry). The concrete database was made available by the GEDur group and has 2313 depths of natural carbonation measured over 20 years of exposure in a controlled environment. The results of the AVR-SARIMA-LSTM-MLP ensemble metamodel predicted values for about 67 years after the concrete was produced, recording an average correlation coefficient of 0.93 and RMSE between 0.05 and 4.69 mm. These results demonstrate that the ensemble predictor metamodel has high predictive capacity, excellent precision, and accuracy, regardless of the characteristics and properties of the concretes, curing, and exposure conditions.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144578205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damage-rehydration synergy in strength evolution of ultra-high performance seawater sea sand concrete under marine tidal zones","authors":"Xinghao Liu, Zaixian Chen, Xueyuan Yan, Pang Chen, Yingzi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113358","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra-high performance seawater sea sand concrete (UHPSSC) is an advanced cementitious composite material with significant potential for coastal and marine infrastructure applications. Marine tidal zones represent one of the most aggressive environments for concrete structures due to coupled chemical-physical degradation mechanisms. This study aims to elucidate the long-term strength evolution mechanisms of UHPSSC under marine tidal zone exposure. Specifically, the mass loss, mechanical properties, and chemically bound water content of UHPSSC and ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) are evaluated after exposure to seawater/freshwater freeze-thaw cycles and seawater/freshwater dry-wet cycles. Microstructural characterization was employed to elucidate the underlying strength evolution mechanisms. The results demonstrate that the coupling of damage and rehydration governs the strength evolution of UHPSSC and UHPC under tidal zone conditions. Following 1000 freeze-thaw cycles and 360 dry-wet cycles, the mechanical properties and the chemically bound water content of UHPSSC and UHPC increased slightly, but the flexural strength under seawater dry-wet cycling decreased. In particular, after 360 freshwater-dry-wet cycles, the compressive strength, flexural strength, and chemically bound water content of UHPSSC increased by 18.7%, 14.2%, and 21%, respectively. For UHPC, the corresponding increases were 16.2%, 30.6%, and 20%, respectively. The effect of tidal zone erosion on the mass was negligible, with a maximum of no more than 0.9%. Remarkably, even after 1000 freeze-thaw cycles and 360 dry-wet cycles, the steel fibers within the UHPSSC matrix were uncorroded. Both UHPSSC and UHPC exhibited exceptional erosion resistance in marine tidal environments.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in the properties of industrial solid waste-based cementitious materials: a comprehensive review","authors":"Xuejiang Lan, Xiao Zhang, Yujun Yin, Zefeng Liu, Minghui Li, Jiayu Shi, Zhili Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113334","url":null,"abstract":"Leveraging industrial solid waste (ISW) in construction and road materials brings forth a multitude of advantages, encompassing resource conservation, environmental protection, and cost efficiency. Through the addition of a suitable activator, ISW can be transformed into ISW-based cementitious materials (ISWC), offering a practical alternative to traditional ordinary Portland cement-based cementitious materials (OPCC). This study systematically reviews the relevant literature, redefines key issues in the existing field, and provides a detailed summary of the physical and chemical characteristics of various common ISW. It integrates theories from different disciplines to offer a comprehensive summary of the latest advancements in the physical and mechanical properties, durability, microstructure, nanoscopic performance, environmental impact assessments, life cycle cost analyses, and related policy frameworks of ISWC. A comparative analysis of ISWC and OPCC is conducted, highlighting their respective advantages and disadvantages in various aspects. However, due to the ambiguous interactions between different ISW categories, the widespread implementation of ISWC faces significant challenges. Moreover, addressing the connection between macro and micro scales, bridging the gap between molecular dynamics simulations and experimental, and exploring the potential of ISWC as an adsorbent for heavy metals and radioactive substances are important focal points for future research. This review provides scientific foundations for ISW resource utilization, environmental pollution control, and sustainable development, thereby promoting the broad application of ISWC.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation optimization of a hybrid system combining thermosyphon and vapor compression used in 5G base stations based on a grey-box model and genetic algorithm","authors":"Fanxi Meng, Quan Zhang, Sikai Zou, John Zhai, Shuguang Liao, Yabin Guo, Jing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113367","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in communication technology have led to a significant increase in the energy consumption of 5G base stations. We previously developed a hybrid cooling system combining thermosyphon and vapor compression to reduce energy consumption, but it still needs further optimization. Establishing a model for operating parameters optimization can increase the utilization time of natural cold sources and improve energy efficiency. In this paper, a novel grey-box model is built and experimentally validated to quickly predict the cooling capacity and energy consumption of the system under different working conditions. The model uses seven characteristic parameters to describe the influence of the physical structure and fluid properties on heat transfer. Next, two basic operation strategies are proposed, and the annual energy consumption of the system under these two strategies and different climatic conditions and loads is calculated. Finally, the operating parameters are optimized to minimize energy consumption using a genetic algorithm (GA) and the results are compared with the two aforementioned basic operating strategies. The results show that the energy efficiency improvement achieved through GA optimization during the transitional seasons is significantly greater than that in winter and summer. After GA optimization, the annual energy efficiency ratio of the system implemented in Kunming increased from 8.24 to 20.61, while Guangzhou's system increased from 4.41 to 6.42, respectively. Further analysis shows that the greater the proportion of transitional seasons annually, the greater the energy savings achieved through GA optimization. The results contribute to the efficient operation of hybrid cooling systems in base stations.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}