Journal of building engineering最新文献

{"title":"Sustainable CO2-fixing hydraulic lime from high-magnesium limestone: mechanisms of strength enhancement, pore modification, and improved carbonation efficiency","authors":"Zhiyuan Xu ,&nbsp;Kairui Duan ,&nbsp;Yanbo Zhang ,&nbsp;Conghao Shao ,&nbsp;Yu Gao ,&nbsp;Beibei Wang ,&nbsp;Ze Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address environmental challenges posed by greenhouse gas emissions and the depletion of non-renewable high-grade limestone, this study investigates the use of high-magnesium limestone (HMLS) with varying MgO contents for producing CO₂-fixing hydraulic lime (CHL). The CHL consists of 0 %–15 % over-burned MgO (OM), 30 %–35 % Ca(OH)₂, and 55 %–65 % β-C₂S. The mechanical properties, phase composition, pore structure, and micromorphology of CHL were evaluated before and after accelerated carbonation (10 vol% CO₂, simulating industrial flue gas). Results demonstrate that CHL containing 5 %–15 % OM exhibited coarsened pores and higher fractal dimensions compared to OM-free CHL, facilitating CO₂ diffusion. This led to a 19.45 % increase in carbonation degree after 7 days and a 47.51 % improvement in compressive strength after 14 days. Additionally, OM altered CaCO₃ crystallization from cubic to rod-like, enhancing pore densification and strength. Accelerated carbonation consumed OM, partially converting it to magnesium carbonate and Mg-calcite. QXRD analysis revealed that 5 %–6.7 % of the OM in carbonated CHL had reacted. Autoclave expansion tests (AET) showed no volume deformation or cracking in hardened CHL, with stable compressive strength for samples containing ≤10 % OM. This confirms the feasibility of utilizing HMLS with ≤26 % dolomite content. The study highlights OM's critical role in improving carbonation efficiency and microstructure, providing a sustainable pathway for HMLS's utilization and high-performance CO₂-fixing binders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 114317"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of biochar on hydration, strength degradation, and alkali-silica reaction in sustainable waste glass sand-based mortars","authors":"Xuqun Lin ,&nbsp;Tianxing Shi ,&nbsp;Quang Dieu Nguyen ,&nbsp;Arnaud Castel ,&nbsp;Vivian W.Y. Tam","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The biochar in concrete structures has attracted a lot of attention, offering new biomass recycling strategies while improving mechanical and durability properties of the biochar-cement composites. This study investigated the alkali-silica reaction (ASR) in waste glass sand-based mortars with three biochar, including corn cob biochar (CCB), waste wood biochar (WWB), and rice husk biochar (RHB), using the accelerated mortar bar test (AMBT) up to 96 days. Due to the fine biochar size (&lt;100 μm, D90 = 34.67 μm), samples with 5 wt% CCB exhibited the lowest mortar bar expansion and mass gain up to 96-day of exposure in 1M NaOH bath at 80 °C, while experiencing the lowest strength loss. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated increased intensity of ASR gels, including tobermorite-type C-S-H and alkali-silicate-hydrates (ASH) in all groups. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) results revealed that CCB5 had the lowest mass loss of ASR gels after 96 days in the 1M NaOH bath. Biochar degradation due to ASR was observed using Backscattered Electron images. Finally, it was recommended that up to 10 wt% fine-size corn cob biochar (&lt;100 μm, D90 = 34.67 μm) could be conservatively used to partially replace cement content for sustainable concrete design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 114316"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chloride ion solidification property in functional fly ash/slag based geopolymer (F-FASG) under dry-wet cycle condition","authors":"Faping Li,&nbsp;Yiwei Zhang,&nbsp;Yiyan Lu,&nbsp;Shan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fly ash-slag geopolymer (FASG) is recognized as a sustainable high-performance repair material for marine infrastructure, owing to its low-carbon footprint, high early-age strength, and excellent durability. In this study, a functional variant (F-FASG) was synthesized by incorporating a high-performance strong-base anion-exchange resin (HP-SBAER). The performance evolution of F-FASG under dry-wet cycle conditions was systematically investigated, with emphasis on mechanical degradation mechanisms, chloride ion transport behavior, and micro-structural reorganization using TEM, XPS, and MIP analyses. Results indicate that dry-wet cycle transforms the micro-structure of FASG from lamellar to flocculent, increasing interplanar spacing and reducing crystallinity. In contrast, HP-SBAER incorporation optimizes the pore structure of F-FASG toward a predominance of harmless or less-harmful pores. Resin hydrolysis promotes secondary polycondensation, which preserves crystallinity, mitigates structural degradation, and enhances molecular polymerization via increased long-chain formation. Macroscopically, F-FASG exhibits significantly less surface exfoliation than FASG. After 60 dry-wet cycles, F-FASG with moderate resin dosages (1.5 wt% and 3.0 wt%) have retained over 90 % of the baseline performance of FASG, demonstrating long-term protective efficacy. Furthermore, HP-SBAER substantially improves chloride ion solidification capacity, with distinct solidification behaviors observed between surface and interior regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 114313"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of activator-to-precursor ratio on the mechanical and durability performance of rice husk ash-based alkali-activated concrete composites using recycled aggregates","authors":"S. Tejas,&nbsp;Dinakar Pasla","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The usage of Portland cement-based natural aggregate concrete leads to significant environmental consequences, such as the exhaustion of natural resources and CO₂ emissions associated with the production of Portland cement. The present study investigates the essential role of the activator-to-precursor ratio in the design of structural-grade alkali-activated recycled aggregate concretes incorporated with rice husk ash as one of the precursors alongside ground granulated blast furnace slag as the main precursor, to attain the required strength and durability. These concrete mixes with activator-to-precursor ratios ranging from 0.3 to 0.8 were developed, and their performance was evaluated over time to assess the influence of the activator-to-precursor ratio. The findings from this study demonstrate that by limiting the activator-to-precursor ratio to 0.5 or below, higher compressive strengths in the range of 65–70 MPa may be attained, while maintaining drying shrinkage strains of the order 500 to 700 microstrains, within the allowable limits. Also, by restricting the activator-to-precursor ratio to 0.5 or below, these concretes exhibited a volume of permeable voids below 13 % and minimal weight loss ranging from 1.12 % to 2.5 % under acidic exposure. Additionally, other durability parameters, such as water penetration depth and sorptivity, ranged from 6 to 19 mm and 1.59–2.36 mm, respectively, and remained within acceptable limits, irrespective of the activator-to-precursor ratio. However, a consistent improvement in performance was observed in mixes with lower activator-to-precursor ratios. The superior performance of mixes with lower activator-to-precursor ratios can be attributed to their denser matrix and higher Ca/Si and Al/Si ratios, as evident in SEM images and EDS analysis. The contribution of these concretes towards the CO₂ emissions is roughly three times lower than that of Portland cement-based concretes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 114332"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recyclability potential of multi-generation carbonated recycled aggregate concrete under coupling action of high stress and freeze-thaw cycles","authors":"Xudong Zhu ,&nbsp;Pinghua Zhu ,&nbsp;Hui Liu ,&nbsp;Xiancui Yan ,&nbsp;Chunhong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the growing emphasis on sustainable construction, multi-generation recycling of waste concrete has gained increasing attention due to its dual environmental and economic advantages. However, existing studies have largely underestimated the detrimental effects of real-service environments on the recyclability of recycled concrete, particularly freeze-thaw cycles. This study systematically investigates the properties of repeatedly recycled aggregates (RRA) and carbonated RRA (CRRA) after freeze-thaw-loading exposure, along with the durability of repeatedly recycled aggregate concrete (RRC) and carbonated RRC (CRRC). The results demonstrate that successive multi-generation recycling processes lead to progressive deterioration in both RRA and CRRA. Pore structure characterization reveals that carbonation treatment unexpectedly exhibits high efficacy in enhancing the properties of freeze-thaw-damaged RRA, increasing apparent density by 5.4 %, while reducing water absorption, crushing value, and mass loss by 38.0 %, 20.6 %, and 24.9 %, respectively. In concrete, third-generation CRRC (CRRC3) achieved a compressive strength of 33.0 MPa, withstanding 62.6 % more than RRC3, attributable to the enhanced cement hydration of fresh mortar induced by carbonation products. Moreover, CRRC1 and CRRC2 could withstand 300 and 250 freeze-thaw cycles without failure, respectively, with an increase of 50 cycles than RRC1 and RRC2. Notably, CRRC3 exhibited a 43.3 % improvement in chloride penetration resistance compared to RRC3, satisfying the permeability index for a 50-year design service life of structural concrete in an E-type chloride environment as stipulated in relevant standards. In general, it is feasible to apply accelerated carbonation treatment as a modification technique to enhance the properties of RRC exposed to freeze-thaw and chloride-rich environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 114333"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural collapse simulation using a hybrid FEM-rigid body dynamics approach","authors":"Kamran Ehsan ,&nbsp;Liusheng He","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compared to continuum method, the discrete collapse simulation method, particularly the Applied Element Method (AEM), is generally more effective in modeling separation. However, it still requires a significantly large number of elements to achieve the desired accuracy compared to traditional Finite Element Method (FEM). This study introduces a novel approach that combines FEM with Rigid Body Dynamics (RBD) to achieve both realistic and computationally efficient collapse simulations using fewer number of elements than AEM. The proposed technique leverages physics engines, commonly used in game development, to perform structural collapse simulations. An algorithm integrating FEM into the backend of a rigid-body simulation model has been developed. Failure criteria are employed to detect cracking, while a Depth-First Search (DFS) algorithm determines active and inactive elements during the simulation. Based on the DFS categorization, displacements are applied to active rigid bodies, whereas inactive ones are influenced by physics engine for collisions and movements under gravity. The developed algorithm is validated by comparing its results with theoretical solutions, experimental data, and simulations from the literature for structural components including beams, columns, and 2D and 3D frames. The results show that the proposed approach outperforms AEM in both accuracy and computational efficiency, even with fewer elements. Influence of the number of rigid bodies to discretize the structure on accuracy, failure pattern, debris extent and simulation time is also investigated. The findings suggest that a limited number of elements for discretization can achieve sufficiently realistic and computationally efficient results, making the approach particularly suitable for collapse simulations where reduced simulation time is critical.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 114299"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the hydration degree of cement paste using micro X-ray computed tomography (X-ray μCT)","authors":"Gui Li ,&nbsp;Wan-qian Li ,&nbsp;Jianchao Zhang ,&nbsp;Peng Dong ,&nbsp;Ying Gao ,&nbsp;Feng Xie ,&nbsp;Shuxian Hong ,&nbsp;Biqin Dong ,&nbsp;Yu Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The degree of hydration is a critical parameter for assessing cement hydration progress. In this study, X-ray μCT is employed to characterize the hydration process of cement paste. The morphological evolution of different phases in cement paste - such as anhydrous cement, pores, and hydration products - is visualized and tracked through the acquired CT images. The volume of these phases is quantified, enabling direct estimation of the degree of cement hydration. The hydration degrees obtained from μCT images closely align with those derived from both chemically bound water and Ca(OH)₂ quantification methods, with deviations generally within 10 %, demonstrating the feasibility and accuracy of X-ray μCT. Furthermore, when combined with the Powers-Brownyard model, X-ray μCT analysis can estimate the hydration degree without prior knowledge of the cement type, original cement content, and water-to-cement ratio. The deviation between this CT-model method and direct CT measurement is below 10 % after 28 days. This makes it a valuable tool for evaluating hydration states in existing concrete structures where original mix design information may be unavailable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 114310"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new composite sustainable brick for hot-buildings using phase change materials and recycled plastics for improving energy saving and thermal comfort: Experimental and simulation study","authors":"Ashraf M. Heniegal ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Saad Agwa ,&nbsp;Ahmed Saleem ,&nbsp;Mostafa Mohamed Elsied ,&nbsp;Nour Bassim Farhat","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The low thermal performance of conventional cement bricks leads to increased cooling load and inadequate indoor comfort, especially in regions with minimal enforcement of energy codes. To address this challenge, this study introduces an innovative lightweight cement brick composed of 75 % popcorn coarse aggregate (PCA) a recycled substitute for natural coarse aggregate, and 50 % phase change material (PCM) embedded within the brick core. The research methodology integrates a two-phase approach combining experimental testing and numerical simulation using EnergyPlus engine. First, two identical test rooms were constructed: one built with conventional bricks and the other with the proposed PCA–PCM composite. Indoor air and surface temperatures were monitored to assess thermal behavior. These experimental results were then used to validate a numerical model developed in EnergyPlus. The validation metrics fell within acceptable limits defined by ASHRAE standards, further confirming the reliability of the model. Following validation, a prototype residential building was developed and simulated under the extreme desert climate of Suez, Egypt, to evaluate the real-world impact of the proposed brick on thermal comfort and energy performance. The experimental results showed that the improved brick contributed to a reduction in indoor temperature of approximately 5.5 °C and a delay in peak heat load by approximately 2 h, compared to the reference room. Dynamic simulation of the residential model further revealed annual energy savings between 5 % and 10 %, with the southwest-oriented unit achieving the highest thermal performance, an improvement of 63.83 % in thermal comfort indices. These findings demonstrate that the PCA + PCM composite brick significantly enhances thermal comfort and reduces energy consumption in hot-arid climates, offering a sustainable and effective alternative for future energy-efficient construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 114318"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on splitting tensile behavior and energy dissipation of autoclaved aerated concrete under dynamic loading","authors":"Ziliang Xiong,&nbsp;Xudong Chen,&nbsp;Chenbei Fan,&nbsp;Lulu Chen,&nbsp;Zhenwei Liu,&nbsp;Kailong Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dynamic splitting tensile tests were carried out on autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) with different strength grades (A2.5, A3.5, A5.0) using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system. Crack evolution and strain field distribution were captured through high-speed photography combined with the digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The results revealed that AAC exhibits pronounced strain rate sensitivity, with the dynamic increase factor (DIF) following a logarithmic relationship with strain rate. Energy dissipation was found to increase nearly linearly, and greater dissipation was observed in higher-strength AAC owing to its denser microstructure. The failure mechanism was generally characterized by a combined tensile-shear mode, and crack propagation velocity was elevated with increasing strain rate and material strength. Moreover, a delayed energy dissipation response was identified, which contributed to the enhancement of dynamic strength. These findings not only clarify the dynamic response and damage mechanisms of AAC under high strain rates but also provide parameters for numerical simulations and theoretical support for its application in impact-resistant design and protective structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 114327"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure evolution and strengthening mechanism of nano-silica modified magnesium potassium phosphate cement","authors":"Xing An,&nbsp;Fei Liu,&nbsp;Changjun Zhou,&nbsp;Baomin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC) is the popular cementitious binder for rapid repair in concrete applications with fast hardening, early strength, and good bonding properties. However, its limitations, such as intense heat release during early hydration, high internal porosity, and brittleness, restrict its broader application. This study employs nano-silica (NS) modification and optimizes key parameters including the phosphate-to-magnesium mass ratio, water-to-binder ratio, borax content, and NS content by orthogonal experiments firstly. Secondly, the optimal mix proportion of NS-MKPC is selected by mean and range analysis. Finally, the effects of NS on the microstructural evolution and macroscopic properties of NS-MKPC are systematically investigated by various characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM/EDS, nanoindentation, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that the NS-MKPC with the optimal mix ratio achieved the compressive strength of 99.65 MPa and flexural strength of 9.92 MPa at 28 d macroscopically, representing increases of approximately 74.2 % in compressive strength and 19.2 % in flexural strength compared to pure MKPC, respectively. Microscopic test results show that the incorporation of NS can accelerate the early hydration process of MKPC through filling effect, nucleation action, and chemical bonding. It can promote the uniform growth of hydration crystals (MKP), significantly refine the pore structure, and reduce the residual unreacted MgO particles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 114320"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}