Journal of building engineering最新文献

{"title":"Influence mechanism of ultrafine iron tailings powder on hydration and properties of limestone calcined clay cement (LC3)","authors":"Yong Yu ,&nbsp;Juanhong Liu ,&nbsp;Fanghui Han ,&nbsp;Yayun Xi","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, ultrafine iron tailings powder (IOT) was used as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in limestone calcined clay cement (LC³) with low clinker factors to achieve sustainable development. The effects of IOT on the rheological properties, hydration properties, mechanical properties and durability of LC³ were investigated in detail. The results show that the rheological behavior of LC³ fitted well with the Herschel-Bulkley model, showing shear thinning. With the addition of IOT, LC³ exhibits low apparent viscosity, shear stress and yield stress. The substitution of 5 %–20 % can optimize the particle gradation of the system, promote the hydration of metakaolin (MK) and reduce the porosity. By replacing MK with IOT (i.e., provided the substitution rate does not exceed 20 %), the production cost of LC³ can be effectively reduced without sacrificing compressive strength and durability, and the resource utilization of IOT can be realized, which has good economic and environmental benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 114330"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of embedded neck designs and core geometries for enhanced low-frequency sound absorption in 3D printed micro-perforated panels","authors":"Mohamed Shafeer P.P ,&nbsp;Jeyaraj Pitchaimani ,&nbsp;Mrityunjay Doddamani","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an experimental investigation into the acoustic performance enhancement of micro-perforated panel (MPP) based liners through structural modifications involving embedded necks and engineered core geometries. All samples were produced through fused deposition modeling with polylactic acid as the filament material. Sound absorption coefficients were measured using an impedance tube method (ASTM E1050) in a 50–1600 Hz frequency range. Initially, cylindrical necks of varying lengths were analyzed to assess the impact of neck extension on sound absorption, particularly in the low-frequency range. This was followed by evaluating non-cylindrical embedded neck profiles (converging, diverging, converging-diverging, and diverging-converging) for a fixed neck length. Then the effect of engineered core topologies, including square, hexagonal, re-entrant, and hybrid geometries, is studied on broadband absorption. Finally, selected core designs were combined with embedded necks to examine the synergetic effects. Incorporation of a cylindrical embedded neck results in shifting of peak absorption to lower frequency (328 Hz for 5 mm), with a weight reduction of 37.5 % compared to the typical MPP. The peak value and the frequency are not sensitive to different types of non-cylindrical embedded necks, and there is about 20 % improvement in the bandwidth with a trade-off of approximately 100 Hz shift in peak frequency towards the higher frequency side. Structured cores enhanced peak frequency (up to 25 %) and bandwidth (up to 10 %). Combined configurations exhibited limited synergistic enhancement, likely due to resonator interference effects. This study introduces a novel geometric strategy for tuning acoustic performance via coordinated neck and core design variations, enabling compact, lightweight, and tunable acoustic liners for low-frequency absorption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 114116"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving performance of reinforced concrete connections using Sigma 8 couplers and normalized threads","authors":"Nasser Mohamed ,&nbsp;Ferrier Emmanuel ,&nbsp;Michel Laurent ,&nbsp;Gabor Aron ,&nbsp;Gardes Rémi ,&nbsp;Boisson Richard ,&nbsp;Huet Philippe ,&nbsp;Dolo Jean-Marie","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a novel mechanical splicing system for reinforced concrete (RC) structures, combining a Sigma 8 coupler with a post-threading normalization process to enhance seismic performance and reliability. While mechanical couplers increasingly replace lap splices, residual stresses from cold-forged threading are often overlooked and can reduce ductility and energy dissipation. The proposed system addresses these issues through two innovations: (1) a Sigma 8 (olive-shaped) coupler designed to reduce stress concentrations and enable smoother load transfer, and (2) a normalization process applied after threading to relieve internal stresses and restore mechanical consistency. Experimental testing on spliced bars compared normalized and non-normalized specimens, focusing on tensile strength, ductility, slippage, and failure modes. Non-normalized bars exhibited an average decrease of 12%–15% in yielding-point strength, whereas normalized specimens showed a marked reduction in residual slip. Finite element modeling of RC column-to-foundation joints assessed the structural impact of normalized threads using Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) and a tie constraint for the coupler–bar interface. The model captured how thread treatment influences global behavior, including cracking, stiffness, and load transfer. Numerical simulations matched experimental results for normalized specimens, and highlighted a reduction in capacity and yielding strength of 15%–30% in non-treated bars. Results confirm that normalization significantly improves the performance of threaded bars and that the coupler preserves structural integrity under demanding conditions. This system provides a reliable, constructible, and high-performance solution for seismic and high-load applications, offering quantifiable gains in slip control and resilience while addressing limitations in current practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 114247"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on thermal properties of foamed concrete with expanded perlite aggregate particle size and gradation","authors":"Yandong Liu ,&nbsp;Lingyonxg Ma ,&nbsp;Wei Jiang ,&nbsp;Qing Li ,&nbsp;Ming Qiao ,&nbsp;Shijie Fan ,&nbsp;Dong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to enhance the comprehensive properties of foamed concrete by using expanded perlite as the main aggregate. The study systematically examined the effects of water-cement ratio (0.6, 0.7, 0.8), single expanded perlite aggregate particle size (0.3–0.5 mm, 0.5–1 mm, 1–3 mm), and multi-particle size combinations (based on the Andreasen-Andersen equation, grading index q of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4). The effects of these factors on dry density, water absorption, compressive strength, thermal conductivity, and microstructure were evaluated against a conventional foamed concrete sample used as the control group. Experimental findings indicated that an elevated water-cement ratio notably decreased the dry density of the foamed concrete and increased water absorption, accompanied by a declining trend in compressive strength.Regarding mechanical strength, the 0.5–1 mm single expanded perlite aggregate achieved the highest compressive strength (9.12 MPa at w/c 0.6), while the 30:40:30 multi-particle size blend showed the second highest strength (8.06 MPa). For thermal performance, a low conductivity of 0.1194 W/(m-K) was obtained with a multi-particle size combination at a water-cement ratio of 0.8. This low conductivity was associated with a uniform vesicle distribution and dense pore structure.Incorporating expanded perlite aggregate significantly enhanced the dry density and compressive strength compared to control samples, while generally resulting in lower water absorption and higher thermal conductivity at the same water-cement ratio. Optimizing expanded perlite aggregate particle size and grading improves the mechanical strength of foamed concrete while maintaining its lightweight and thermal insulation properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 114338"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thallium immobilization within alkali-activated lithium slag: Structural evolution analysis and mechanistic revelations","authors":"Pangkun Zheng ,&nbsp;Gang Li ,&nbsp;Jiang Chen ,&nbsp;Rongxiang Pan ,&nbsp;Wensheng Bai ,&nbsp;Pengju Wang ,&nbsp;Huimin Yang ,&nbsp;Yiping Su ,&nbsp;Zuotai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium slag (LS), a hazardous byproduct enriched with thallium (Tl, which coexists as Tl⁺ and Tl³⁺) and generated during lithium extraction. Although alkali-activated lithium slag (AALS) geopolymers are expected to address Tl pollution and LS recycling issues, the mechanism of Tl immobilization and its stable state remain underexplored. This study synthesized geopolymers—primarily composed of calcium (aluminum) silicate hydrates (C (-A)-S-H)—from mixtures of LS, blast furnace slag, and fly ash in different ratios via alkali activation. Leaching behavior and mechanical properties were systematically evaluated. The distinct molecular mechanisms of Tl⁺ and Tl³⁺ in AALS were investigated through microscopic characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Results demonstrated outstanding Tl immobilization, with leaching concentrations below 5 ppb and efficiency up to 89 % after 28 days. The optimized mortar achieved high compressive and flexural strengths of 37.15 MPa and 7.9 MPa, respectively. The more Q⁴(1Al), Q⁴(2Al) and Q⁴(3Al) structural units in the aluminate tetrahedral structural units increase the gel pores (&lt;10 nm), reduce the larger capillary pores, form a higher degree of polymerization and a denser structure, effectively immobilize Tl and reduce its leaching. Mechanistic analysis reveals that Tl⁺ primarily substitutes Na⁺ as a charge-balancing ion within the structure through electrostatic adsorption, while Tl³⁺ forms stable Tl-O covalent bonds with the aluminosilicate framework. Additionally, Tl³⁺ reacts with residual alkali to form insoluble Tl(OH)₃ precipitates. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the efficient immobilization of Tl and the application of LS in the field of construction materials, highlighting its potential for large-scale engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 114321"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesoscale modeling of interfacial bond failure between FRP bar and concrete using a refined finite element model based on 3D scanning","authors":"Shuwei Li ,&nbsp;Zihua Zhang ,&nbsp;Ben Yang ,&nbsp;Chunheng Zhou ,&nbsp;Xuan Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenwen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interfacial bond performance between fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars and concrete is critical for their cooperative performance. This study investigated the mechanisms of interfacial bond failure by analyzing the effects of bar diameter, surface type, and concrete compressive strength. Refined finite element (FE) analyses, employing parametric and reverse modeling approaches, explored interfacial damage evolution and failure mechanisms. Parametric modeling further examined the influence of rib geometry on bond behavior. Results revealed that higher concrete strength increases the likelihood of rib peeling failure due to FRP bar properties, while surface treatments significantly impact bond performance and failure modes. The proposed numerical models effectively simulated bond-slip behavior and rib peeling failure. Compared to parametric modeling, reverse modeling more accurately captured FRP rib geometry, yielding bond-slip curves and interfacial strength predictions closely aligned with experimental data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 114270"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of seismic damage on the heating energy demand of buildings: A combined experimental study","authors":"D.A. Pohoryles,&nbsp;S. Kallioras,&nbsp;D.A. Bournas","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the yet underexplored impact of seismic damage on the energy efficiency of buildings, specifically focusing on air leakages and the resultant increases in heating energy demand. Recognising the combined need for seismic and energy retrofitting, it is important to better understand the effect of minor structural damage, such as earthquake-induced cracking, on the energy performance of existing buildings. This study presents for the first time a combined experimental study on these aspects of building performance. Novel findings from a series of consecutive earthquake and blower-door tests conducted on a full-scale, five-storey masonry-infilled reinforced concrete building are presented. Using a hybrid pseudo-dynamic testing approach that includes both physical and simulated components, the correlation between various extents of seismic damage and the corresponding air leakage rates is evaluated. Observations from earthquake tests are presented, and by means of blower door testing and thermal imaging, a connection between observed structural damage and air leakage metrics was confirmed. The experimental data was then used to conduct a detailed building energy modelling analysis, highlighting the broader implications of seismic damage on the heating energy demand of typical European mid-rise residential buildings. It was found that even low-level seismic damage can significantly affect a building's air tightness, leading to increased heating energy consumption. This research not only contributes to the understanding of seismic damage effects on the airtightness of building envelopes but also underscores the importance of integrated retrofitting strategies that consider both energy efficiency and seismic resilience to reduce environmental impact across the building life cycle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 114303"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-stage analysis of air leakage and acoustic performance on a full-scale test chamber","authors":"A. Elsaei ,&nbsp;M. Machimbarrena ,&nbsp;A. Meiss ,&nbsp;I. Poza-Casado ,&nbsp;M.A. Padilla-Marcos","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is imperative to comprehend the intricate relationship between air infiltration and sound transmission in building systems to optimise energy efficiency and acoustic comfort. This study focuses on measuring the performance of a separating wall between two spaces in terms of sound insulation and airtightness, under different air flow path configurations.</div><div>Airtightness and sound insulation measurements were made on a test sample wall mounted in an accredited sound insulation facility, while subsequently increasing the number and size of artificially drilled openings. The diameter of these apertures ranged from 0.67 to 7.09 cm, with the total area of the apertures varying up to 39.50 cm². The variation in diameter and the total number of apertures had a dual impact: it affected airtightness and the flow regime and energy dissipation within the apertures, which in turn may affect sound insulation.</div><div>The acoustic results presented an unexpected behaviour: conventional wisdom suggests that increasing the number of openings should lead to a decrease in sound insulation; however, the study observed that adding relatively small holes (0.67/1.4 cm diameter) resulted in constant or less sound transmission. The results suggest that the diameter of holes affects the flow regime, as indicated by the <span><math><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></math></span> exponent values that characterize flow behavior. Furthermore, these variations influence energy dissipation within the openings, which in turn may impact sound insulation. This observation underscores the intricate interplay between airflow and sound transmission in building systems. Further research is required so that the acoustic firm of cracks can be used to estimate the size of cracks in buildings and to provide a prioritization criterion when undertaking retrofitting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 114301"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the influence and mechanism of magnesium ionic solution on the dissolution behavior of tricalcium silicate (C3S)","authors":"Liguo Wang ,&nbsp;Mengying Yang ,&nbsp;Le Guo ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Han Wang ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Liu ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Yang ,&nbsp;Jinyang Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnesium ions (Mg²⁺) are one of the primary erosive ions in seawater, significantly affecting the hydration process and long-term durability of cement-based materials. This study systematically investigates the effects of H₂O, Mg(NO₃)₂, and MgCl₂ solutions on the dissolution behavior of tricalcium silicate (C₃S) through atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, aiming to elucidate the mechanisms by which seawater influences cement hydration. The results demonstrate that compared to pure water, the dissolution rate of C₃S matrix in Mg²⁺-containing solutions is significantly reduced, with shallower etch pits and inhibited Ca²⁺ leaching. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that Mg²⁺, Cl⁻, and NO₃⁻ form a dynamic barrier layer on the C₃S surface through bonding interactions (e.g., Mg²⁺–O, Cl⁻–H/O) and electrostatic adsorption, thereby suppressing its dissolution. Notably, Cl⁻ can also form Ca–Cl bonds with Ca²⁺, making the inhibitory effect of MgCl₂ solution on C₃S dissolution stronger than that of Mg(NO₃)₂.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 114326"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced strength and accelerated setting of CaO–activated fly ash binders induced by aluminum sulfate hydrates for cementless brick production","authors":"Hyun Ji Lyu ,&nbsp;Juan Yu ,&nbsp;Dongho Jeon ,&nbsp;Jae Eun Oh","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the beneficial effects of added aluminum sulfate hydrate (Al₂(SO₄)₃·14–18H₂O, hereafter referred to as “AS”) on the hydration behavior, mechanical properties, and microstructure of CaO-activated low-calcium fly ash-based cementless binders. The incorporation of 10 wt% AS increased the compressive strength by nearly 2.5 times compared to the control, primarily due to accelerated ettringite formation and enhanced microstructural densification. Microstructural analyses confirmed the presence of ettringite and calcium aluminate hydrate (C–A–H) as key hydration products, with ettringite contributing significantly to matrix densification and microstructural refinement. In contrast, excessive AS substitution (15 wt%) led to monosulfate formation and pore coarsening. AS also induced rapid setting and reduced workability through early sulfate reactions, thereby allowing prompt demolding and a shorter production cycle. Bricks produced with the best mixture satisfied KS F 4004 specifications and exhibited safe heavy metal leaching levels according to the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). Overall, these findings demonstrate the potential of AS-modified binders as a sustainable and high-performance alternative for cementless brick production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 114308"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}