Journal of building engineering最新文献

{"title":"Seismic performance analysis and damage evaluation of shear wall and frame shear wall structures under multi-dimensional excitations","authors":"Yang Cheng ,&nbsp;Haoxiang He ,&nbsp;Weixiao Xu ,&nbsp;Weisong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To systematically explore the seismic performance of shear walls and frame-shear wall structures under multi-directional seismic actions, three shear wall specimens and one frame-shear wall specimen are fabricated and the quasi-static loading tests are carried out. The shear wall specimens are loaded in oblique direction, in-plane direction, and out-of-plane direction, while the frame-shear wall specimen is loaded in the in-plane direction. The macroscopic damage phenomena of the specimens are analyzed to investigate the influence of the typical performance indicators such as crack propagation, hysteresis curves, skeleton curves, and stiffness degradation curves. Subsequently, the equation for calculating comprehensive damage indices, which can accurately reveal the damage evolution process and final damage severity of shear wall components, is proposed. Based on the calibrated experiments, the appropriate finite element software is used to simulate quasi-static loading from multiple angles on shear wall and frame-shear wall specimens. The time-history analysis are conducted on the frame-shear wall structural system from multiple angles to comparatively analyze the seismic performance and failure modes of the two types of structures under different loading angles. The results indicate that the bearing capacity, the energy dissipation capacity and the lateral stiffness of shear walls and frame-shear wall structures decrease as the loading angle increases. Significant changes in crack development and failure modes are observed under out-of-plane loading for both types of structures, with the structural damage degree increasing with larger angles. There is an urgent need for further analysis and enhancement of the seismic performance of these structures under multi-directional loading conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 112464"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approximating CFD simulations of natural ventilation: A deep surrogate model with spatial attention mechanism","authors":"Matthew R. Vandewiel ,&nbsp;Dagimawi D. Eneyew ,&nbsp;Anwar D. Awol ,&nbsp;Miriam A.M. Capretz ,&nbsp;Girma T. Bitsuamlak","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Building natural ventilation is a sustainable approach to reducing energy use and emissions from buildings by minimizing reliance on energy-intensive systems. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are often used to predict natural ventilation, enhance building design, and improve indoor air quality. However, CFD simulations are time-consuming and computationally resource-intensive due to the number of spatial and temporal discretization and iterations required to solve the governing Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations. Additionally, CFD simulations require specialized knowledge, limiting the number of concepts designers can test. This study proposes a UNet-based surrogate model with a spatial attention mechanism to overcome the limitation of CFD simulations by approximating RANS simulations of natural ventilation in cross-ventilated buildings. The proposed surrogate model was trained with data from CFD simulations performed on buildings with multiple opening sizes and wind from different directions. The model was then evaluated while comparing it with the commonly used UNet with channel-wise attention as a baseline. Based on the evaluation results, the Spatial Attention UNet model outperformed the baseline model in predicting velocity flow fields, achieving a mean absolute percentage error of 4.7% compared to 14.7% for the whole domain and 17.0% compared to 32.1% within the building. Furthermore, the trained model achieved a tremendous speed, reducing more than an hour of CFD simulation into orders of milliseconds. The result proved that the proposed model could save designers effort and time while allowing them to test several design concepts quickly, sacrificing only a small amount of accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 112425"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of seismic performance of novel prefabricated metro station roof-to-wall connection nodes","authors":"Zhenghao Liu ,&nbsp;Xianfeng Ma ,&nbsp;Junjie Wang ,&nbsp;Linhai Lu ,&nbsp;Haihua Zhang ,&nbsp;Han Han ,&nbsp;Dingyi Zhou ,&nbsp;Weida Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To further reduce construction time and costs, minimize construction risks, and mitigate the environmental impacts of prefabricated metro stations, this study proposes a novel connection structure for such stations. In this structure, the enclosure is utilized to participate in the load-bearing of the main structure, uniquely retaining temporary internal concrete support as part of the roof. To investigate the seismic performance of this novel node, three groups of scaled quasi-static model tests were conducted. These tests analyzed and compared the effects of three different connection methods (namely, retaining the first concrete support as part of the roof structure, using a cast-in-place roof structure, and employing a prefabricated roof structure) on the seismic performance of the node. The test results indicate that the primary failure mode of the node is localized compressive failure of the concrete at the connection points between the internal nodes. Compared to cast-in-place and prefabricated roof connections, the novel structure exhibits significant advantages in terms of seismic performance. Retaining the first concrete support and incorporating it as part of the roof enhances the overall integrity and ductility of the node area, thereby improving its seismic performance. This result provides a new perspective for the seismic design and construction of prefabricated metro stations, promoting the application of innovative prefabricated structures in such facilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 112508"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different fiber types and curing methods on the mechanical performance of seawater coral sand engineered cementitious composites","authors":"Peng Yu ,&nbsp;Jiexia Yao ,&nbsp;Sheng He ,&nbsp;Zhangzhan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The construction of island projects is crucial to accelerate the strategy of building a strong maritime nation. To address the shortage of raw materials in island projects and meet the structural requirements for high strength, toughness, and durability, Seawater Coral sand Engineered Cementitious Composites (SC-ECC) were developed. This study focuses on examining the effects of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene (PE), and hybrid fibers with basalt fiber (BF) on the mechanical properties of SC-ECC. The influence of fiber types, fiber content, and curing methods on the mechanical properties of normal-strength and high-strength SC-ECC was examined. The bridging characteristics between the fibers and matrix were analyzed using single-crack tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and digital image correlation (DIC) techniques. The results show that within reasonable dosage ranges, hybrid fibers can enhance the mechanical properties of SC-ECC. Specifically, 2.0 % PE fiber and 0.6 % BF is the optimum level for comprehensive performance. At this time, SC-ECC can produce higher tensile strength (8.6 MPa), tensile strain (7.5 %) and multiple fine cracks. Compared to humid air curing (HAC), seawater immersion curing (SIC) increases the compressive strength (7.9 %) and tensile strength (37.5 %), and decreases the tensile strain (15.4 %) of normal-strength SC-ECC; while it decreases compressive strength (8.4 %) and increases the tensile strength (28.1 %) and tensile strain capacity (12.1 %) of high-strength SC-ECC. This study provides valuable insights into the design and application of SC-ECC in island engineering materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 112450"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomy of methods for measuring life cycle carbon emission of built environment","authors":"Haoran Lei ,&nbsp;Wei Yang ,&nbsp;Kevin Zhang ,&nbsp;Chun-Qing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The built environment, e.g., buildings and infrastructures, is responsible for over 79 % of global carbon emissions, prompting an urgent need to reduce its carbon emissions. Adopting life cycle assessment for buildings and infrastructures to measure their whole life carbon emission is crucial in achieving carbon neutrality. This paper critically examines methods explicitly measuring life cycle carbon emissions of built environment. Various life cycle carbon emission assessment standards are analysed and compared and their differences are quantified in two case studies. It is found that the inconsistent system boundary definitions, biogenic carbon calculation methods and end-of-life modelling methods are obstacles to measuring and managing carbon emissions of the built environment. It is also found that the necessity of developing a unified life cycle carbon emission assessment method for buildings and infrastructure is compelling. Future directions of developing a consistent and accurate life cycle carbon emission assessment method are pointed out. These outcomes will raise the awareness of inconsistency in various methods with a view to accurately measuring carbon emissions of the built environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 112506"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Punching shear behavior of GFRP-reinforced concrete flat slabs using finite element analysis","authors":"Aroob Alateyat,&nbsp;Raghad Awad,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Metawa,&nbsp;M. Talha Junaid,&nbsp;Salah Altoubat,&nbsp;Mohamed Maalej,&nbsp;Samer Barakat","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars are an alternative to traditional steel reinforcement, which is increasingly used in flat slab applications. A better understanding of the punching shear response of such slabs is needed to promote further confidence in using GFRP bars as reinforcement for flat slabs. The current paper uses finite element analysis (FEA) software to develop a 3D model with the appropriate element type and mesh and constitutive modeling of concrete and reinforcement to investigate the punching shear behavior of interior GFRP-reinforced concrete flat slabs. The developed FEA model is calibrated and verified by ten slabs experimentally tested for punching shear, including two calibration samples tested by the authors and eight verification samples from the literature. The proposed FEA model accurately predicts the ultimate load, cracking patterns, reinforcement strains, load-deflection curves, and overall slab behavior consistent with the experimental results. The punching shear capacity predicted by the proposed FEA model is compared against three international design codes. The study found that the FEA model is a reliable tool for predicting the punching shear behavior of GFRP-reinforced flat slabs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 112507"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging-based detection and classification of corrosion damages in reinforced concrete using ultrasonic shear waves","authors":"Sai Teja Kuchipudi ,&nbsp;Debdutta Ghosh ,&nbsp;Abhijit Ganguli","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Corroded steel reinforcements in concrete members reduce the structural capacity and compromise safety. Prior detection of rebar corrosion and severity assessment of affliction helps in understanding durability and safety of Reinforced Concrete structures. An ultrasonic shear wave imaging-based approach is presented in this paper to determine the severity of rebar corrosion on a laboratory scale. The scattered wave data in the time domain is used for subsurface image reconstruction using a variant of the Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique. The rebar has been subjected to an accelerated corrosive environment, and simultaneously, the deterioration process has been monitored using ultrasonic imaging at different stages of corrosion. The image amplitudes of the rebar signatures are clustered by the k-means technique to classify the corrosion severity. The observed changes in reconstructed rebar patterns at the final stage of corrosion are corroborated by examining the condition of extracted rebars from the test specimens. The measured corrosion potential measurements at the end of each stage support the ultrasonic imaging results. The deterministic imaging-based workflow presented in this study serves as a useful technique to assess and classify the severity of corrosion in reinforced concrete structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 112490"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical models of CFT-columns frame SPSW/BRSPSW linked by double-side/four-corner bolted connections","authors":"Mohammed Amer ,&nbsp;Zhihua Chen ,&nbsp;Yansheng Du ,&nbsp;Rashad Al-Shaebi","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Concrete-filled steel tubes (CFTs)-column frame steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) and buckling-restrained steel plate shear walls (BRSPSWs) are advanced systems used in high-rise buildings to resist lateral loads. The stability of these systems comes from the CFT-column frame, while the steel plate provides the necessary load-bearing capacity. This paper proposes the modified plate-frame interaction (MPFI) method to predict the capacity and stiffness of SPSW/BRSPSW-B with partial bolted double-side/four-corner (DS/FC-B) connections. The MPFI requires identifying the failure mode of the steel plate, either due to buckling or bolted connection failure. Extensive finite elements (FE) parametric studies were conducted to analyze the sensitivity of the capacity for both DS/FC-B connections in frame SPSW/BRSPSW-B. The results show that, for DS-B connections, failure occurs from buckling of the steel plate, while in FC-B connections, failure results from shear deformation of the bolts. These findings align with previous studies. Additionally, buckling analyses were performed for SPSW/ BRSPSW-Bs with DS/FC-B connections. The FE parametric models and buckling analysis results were incorporated into the MPFI to derive correction coefficients for yield/peak bearing capacities and yield/post stiffness. The results reveal that for DS-SPSW-B, bearing capacity correction coefficients are influenced by the length-to-height ratio of the steel plate, while DS-BRSPSW-B are affected by both the length-to-height ratio and the stiffness ratio of the buckling restraint. For FC-SPSW/BRSPSW-B, bearing capacities are mainly influenced by failure modes and calculated using length-to-height and height-to-thickness ratios. The stiffness correction coefficients for DS-SPSW/BRSPSW-B are linked to the length-to-height ratio, while for FC-SPSW-B, they depend on both the length-to-height and height-to-thickness ratios. The MPFI method is validated against experimental data and numerous FE analyses, showing predictions within ±10% accuracy. The MPFI method can be practically applied by selecting suitable connection types and steel plate dimensions for SPSW/BRSPSW systems, tailored to expected load conditions. This study’s design recommendations focus on optimizing steel plate configurations and ensuring adequate buckling restraint to enhance the structural stability, performance, and safety of frame SPSW/BRSPSW systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 112495"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical properties of sustainable engineered geopolymer composites with sodium carbonate activators","authors":"Feihong Wan ,&nbsp;Yutao Guo ,&nbsp;Kang Ge ,&nbsp;Shiyu Zhuang ,&nbsp;Ahmed Y. Elghazouli","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Engineered geopolymer composites (EGC) have emerged as promising alternatives to engineered cementitious composites (ECC), largely owing to their low carbon emission potential. However, typical alkaline activators used in geopolymer often contribute to significant environmental impact. Sodium carbonate (SC), also known as natural alkali, is derived from abundant natural deposits and offers a potential greener alternative, with lower carbon emissions, and reduced energy consumption. This study introduces a novel hybrid activation approach using SC as a partial replacement for sodium hydroxide (SH), aiming to improve both the mechanical performance and sustainability of sodium carbonate-based engineered geopolymer composites (SC-EGCs). A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of SC replacement ratio (0 %, 25 %, 50 %, and 75 %) and curing age (3 days, 28 days, and long-term) on the macroscopic property, mechanism explanation, and sustainability. The results show that SC-EGCs achieve excellent mechanical performance, with compressive strength exceeding 125 MPa, ultimate tensile stress surpassing 10 MPa, and ultimate tensile strain reaching 9 %. These remarkable properties are attributed to the synergistic effects of alkaline activators. Strength development primarily occurs at early curing ages, with marginal improvements observed in long-term curing. Computer-aided crack analysis reveals that incorporating SC enhances crack distribution, improving tensile behavior of the composites. Furthermore, increasing the SC replacement ratio significantly enhances sustainability and economic benefits, reducing the embodied carbon per Strength-Ductility Index by up to 36 % compared to EGC without SC replacement. These findings open new avenues for the utilization of sustainable geopolymer in building engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 112486"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the performance of different micro-PCMs in cement brick cavities for passive cooling applications","authors":"Anfas Mukram T ,&nbsp;Joseph Daniel","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Across the globe, many state governments are insisting on following passive cooling methods for buildings to save energy and reduce emissions. Phase change materials (PCMs) are widely applied in building construction to improve energy performance. The use of micro-encapsulated PCMs is skyrocketing because of their ease of application in solid structures. This paper evaluated the performance of three different micro-PCMs in building wall applications. The performance of a brick with PCM filled holes located at 75 mm from the outer wall, with three different micro-PCMs namely MEP 29, MPCM 28D, and Micronel 28D are evaluated in the work. Various performance and energetic parameters like ATFR, TL, MTR, DF, and MHGR are evaluated in the experiment. For PCM with comparable properties, results with negligible deviations are obtained.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 112502"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}