Journal of building engineering最新文献_第3页

Cyclic load behavior of PC and CIP interior beam-column connections in moment resisting frames

IF 6.7 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112011

Min-Su Jo , Hyeong-Gook Kim , Dong-Hwan Kim , Su-A Lim , Byoung-Chan Kim , Jung-Yoon Lee , Kil-Hee Kim

{"title":"Cyclic load behavior of PC and CIP interior beam-column connections in moment resisting frames","authors":"Min-Su Jo , Hyeong-Gook Kim , Dong-Hwan Kim , Su-A Lim , Byoung-Chan Kim , Jung-Yoon Lee , Kil-Hee Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of precast concrete (PC) in construction has many benefits, including improved product quality, shorter construction periods, and lower construction costs. However, to design middle-to high-rise PC structures, seismic safety must be ensured. In particular, the structural behavior of beam-column joints, which are typical moment-resisting frames, is determined by shear and bond mechanisms under seismic loads. However, shear elements and bonds are very vulnerable to cyclic loading, so the joint must always remain within the elastic zone. It is necessary to clearly evaluate whether PC beam-column joints have the performance and usability to be applied as a monolithic structural system (CIP). In this study, eight CIP and PC specimens were fabricated with different moment resisting frames (intermediate and special) and failure modes (B, BJ) as variables. The strength, ductility, strength degradation, and energy dissipation of the PC joints were evaluated and compared to those of CIP joints. Furthermore, the structural behavior of the joints after plastic hinging of the beams was evaluated. The experimental results showed that the PC specimens exhibited the same behavior as the CIP specimens in terms of crack pattern and story shear-drift ratio. However, in terms of ductility, the S-series showed about 10–20 % improvement in ductility for PC compared to CIP, and similar trends in energy dissipation capacity. The strain inside the joint increased at the story drift ratio of 2.0 % after the plastic hinging of the beam, and the bond stress in the center of the joint panel zone tended to be higher in the PC specimen than in the CIP specimen. In addition, the shear strain in the joint panel zone tended to be higher in the special moment resisting frame than in the intermediate moment resisting frame, and an inverse relationship with the displacement ductility index was confirmed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 112011"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143359568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental study on the eccentric compressive behavior of steel reinforced concrete composite columns with stay-in-place ECC jacket

IF 6.7 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112007

Bing-Lin Lai , Xiang Zhou , Ming-Yang Zhang , Xiao-Feng Zheng , Sheng-Gang Fan

{"title":"Experimental study on the eccentric compressive behavior of steel reinforced concrete composite columns with stay-in-place ECC jacket","authors":"Bing-Lin Lai , Xiang Zhou , Ming-Yang Zhang , Xiao-Feng Zheng , Sheng-Gang Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Steel Reinforced Concrete (SRC) column with stay-in-place ECC jacket is a novel type of composite columns synergizing the merits of advanced construction materials and precast technologies. This study experimentally investigates the eccentric compressive behavior of ECC-SRC columns. The optimal fiber content and mix proportion desirable for jacket were determined prior to the specimen fabrication. The test variables include the load eccentricity, ECC jacket thickness, presence of stirrups and the jacket surface treatment. In addition, two conventional SRC columns were also tested as control specimens. The test results in terms of failure mode, deformation response, flexural stiffness, load-carrying capacity, post-peak ductility and residual capacity were evaluated in detail, and Digital Image Correction (DIC) technique was also employed for better visualization of crack distribution and strain field. Based on the test results, the interaction between profiled steel, infilled concrete and the ECC jacket was analyzed to uncover the load-carrying mechanism of ECC-SRC columns. Finally, the axial force-bending moment (N-M) interaction diagrams constructed by current design code EN 1994-1-1 are compared with tested capacity, based on which design recommendation was proposed to facilitate the design and application of ECC-SRC columns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 112007"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143359565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An experimental study of respiratory particle dispersion in an operating room under positive and negative pressurization

IF 6.7 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112009

Reza Daneshazarian , M. Rafsan Nahian , Jeffrey Siegel

{"title":"An experimental study of respiratory particle dispersion in an operating room under positive and negative pressurization","authors":"Reza Daneshazarian , M. Rafsan Nahian , Jeffrey Siegel","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hospital operating rooms (ORs) are typically maintained at positive pressure, which can increase the risk of disease transmission to healthcare workers and to spaces outside of the OR when an infected patient is present. This study investigates the influence of operating room pressurization (positive and negative) and dynamic healthcare worker (HCW) activity on respiratory particle dispersion, addressing gaps in understanding airflow dynamics and infection control. Experiments were conducted in a full-scale OR to simulate conditions with a continuous respiratory aerosol source and a cough source, analyzing particle concentration under varying pressurization scenarios and with anteroom interactions. Key findings reveal that negative pressurization effectively reduces respiratory particle concentrations across the OR, with a ventilation efficiency of 78 % compared to 59 % under positive pressurization. The use of an anteroom reduced particle concentrations by 25 % at the operating table and up to 31 % in the anteroom. Movement of healthcare workers significantly influenced aerosol dispersion, with particle concentrations increasing by 17.8 % at higher speeds (1.2 m/s) under positive pressure. Faster HCW movement increases particle spread, particularly under positive pressure. The inclusion of an anteroom further reduces particle migration to adjacent areas, emphasizing its importance in infection control strategies. The study's results highlight the effectiveness of negative pressure systems in mitigating airborne infectious disease transmission and demonstrate the value of anterooms in enhancing containment. These findings contribute to optimizing OR design and ventilation practices, providing evidence-based recommendations for safer healthcare environments, and delivers insights to inform future standards in building engineering for infection control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 112009"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of salt on thermal properties of natural stone curtain wall materials: A case study of red sandstone

IF 6.7 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2025-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.111977

Yu Zhang , Qinglin Meng , Chuanrui Li , Peng Ren , Junsong Wang

{"title":"Effect of salt on thermal properties of natural stone curtain wall materials: A case study of red sandstone","authors":"Yu Zhang , Qinglin Meng , Chuanrui Li , Peng Ren , Junsong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.111977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.111977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding and optimizing the hygrothermal performance of building enclosures in coastal areas require knowledge of the hygrothermal performance parameters of salt-containing porous building materials. In coastal regions, the presence of salt influences the thermophysical properties of porous materials, leading to alterations in the heat transfer capabilities and surface optical characteristics, which can diminish a building's energy efficiency. Current research on the thermophysical properties of porous materials under saline conditions is limited. This study compared and analyzed the thermophysical properties of red sandstone with different salt contents. The study employed a guarded hot plate apparatus, hot disk, differential scanning calorimetry, spectrophotometer, and hemisphere emissivity meter to test both the dry and moist specimens. Thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, solar spectral reflectance, and hemispherical emissivity measurements were successfully obtained. The findings indicate a significant impact of salt on the thermophysical properties of moist specimens, whereas the effect on dry specimens was negligible. Furthermore, utilizing micro-CT scanning and equilibrium sorption tests, this research elucidates the influence mechanism of salt on the thermal properties of porous materials, attributing it primarily to alterations in porosity and moisture content. The research results can provide reference for the thermal performance analysis and energy consumption optimization of the enclosure structure in the salt-containing hot and humid climate region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 111977"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143359567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"Long-term performance and phase characterization of Quaternary Blended Self-Compacting Concrete incorporating IFSS aggregates: A multidisciplinary investigation"

IF 6.7 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2025-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.111966

Shreekanth Birgonda, R. Senthilkumar, Ramesh S.T

{"title":"\"Long-term performance and phase characterization of Quaternary Blended Self-Compacting Concrete incorporating IFSS aggregates: A multidisciplinary investigation\"","authors":"Shreekanth Birgonda, R. Senthilkumar, Ramesh S.T","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.111966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.111966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the long-term performance of Quaternary Blended Self-Compacting Concrete (QBSCC) incorporating Induction Furnace Steel Slag (IFSS) as coarse and fine aggregates. The research evaluates compressive strength, chloride ion penetration resistance, drying shrinkage, natural carbonation, and accelerated corrosion in concrete, alongside comprehensive characterization through X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Two batches of SCC were prepared: one with natural aggregate and another with IFSS aggregate. Each batch included nine mixes—one reference SCC mix and eight QBSCC mixes. Compressive strength was measured at 28, 56, and 365 days; chloride ion penetration resistance at 56 and 365 days; and drying shrinkage up to 540 days. Carbonation depth was observed at 540 days, and corrosion resistance was tested using the Impressed Voltage Test (IVT) after 56 days of curing. Results showed that SCC mixes with IFSS aggregates achieved higher compressive strength than those with natural aggregates at all ages. Some QBSCC mixes outperformed the reference SCC mix in strength at 56 and 365 days when the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) replacement level with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) was below 60 %. Regardless of aggregate type, QBSCC demonstrated good resistance to chloride ion penetration, while IFSS usage reduced drying shrinkage. However, mixes with SCM replacement levels over 50 % showed increased carbonation depth, indicating lower carbonation resistance. XRD and TGA analyses provided insights into the pozzolanic reactions in QBSCC at 28, 56, and 365 days, contributing to a deeper understanding of its hydration process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 111966"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of biochar characteristics on freeze-thaw durability of biochar-cement composites

IF 6.7 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2025-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.111959

Tiefeng Chen , Ziyuan Yang , Huanhuan Liu , Linshan Li , Ling Qin , Xiaojian Gao

{"title":"Effect of biochar characteristics on freeze-thaw durability of biochar-cement composites","authors":"Tiefeng Chen , Ziyuan Yang , Huanhuan Liu , Linshan Li , Ling Qin , Xiaojian Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.111959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.111959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biochar is considered as an eco-friendly cement additive because of its carbon storage and hydration promotion potentials. However, the uncertainty of the effect of biochar on durability of cement-based materials limits its application. In particularly, there is little knowledge about the freeze-thaw degradation behavior of biochar-cement composites. In this study, the correlation between the physicochemical properties of biochar and the freeze-thaw resistance of biochar-cement composites is investigated to ensure its durability in cold regions. Biochar with different particle size, specific surface area, pore structure, and functional groups were prepared by various pyrolysis temperatures and modification methods. The finely ground biochar has a better strengthening effect on cement paste, increasing 3-d and 28-d compressive strength by 53.9 % and 16.8 %, respectively. It also improves the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete at low dosages. Modification methods of nitrogen-doping and alkali-activation brought higher surface area, water retention, and more functional groups to biochar. Addition of modified biochar increases 24-h hydration heat by 9.38 %, as well as improve the pore structure of cement paste. Generally, biochar has a positive effect on freeze-thaw resistance by improving the mechanical properties of concrete and acting as air bubbles. However, the retained moisture of biochar also leads to additional weak interfaces and freezing expansion stress. When biochar dosage is greater than 5 %, the mass loss of specimens exceeds 5 % after only 125 freeze-thaw cycles. Hence, for biochar-cement composites served in cold regions and humid environments, it is necessary to evaluate the biochar characteristics and their positive/negative effects on freeze-thaw resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 111959"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143348330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hydro-mechanical coupling characteristics and mechanism of salt intrusion freeze-thaw concrete under complex stress paths

IF 6.7 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.111994

Weipei Xue , Chao Zhou , Wenbin Zhang , Yunzhi Mao , Xuebiao Peng

{"title":"Hydro-mechanical coupling characteristics and mechanism of salt intrusion freeze-thaw concrete under complex stress paths","authors":"Weipei Xue , Chao Zhou , Wenbin Zhang , Yunzhi Mao , Xuebiao Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.111994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.111994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the hydro-mechanical coupling characteristics and mechanisms of salt intrusion freeze-thaw concrete subjected to complex stress paths. The dimensionless permeability, dimensionless permeability difference, volume strain, and the evolution of permeability are introduced to analyze the hydro-mechanical coupling characteristics of concrete, and the seepage evolution mechanism under the stress state is elucidated through an examination of the internal pore structure. The findings reveal that permeability exhibits a nonlinear development under axial pressure loading and unloading. In comparison to 10 cycles, the dimensionless permeability of concrete after 40 cycles of salt intrusion freeze-thaw decreased by 35.17 % and 34.32 %, respectively, while the dimensionless permeability difference increased by 21.36 % and 35.79 %, respectively. Under continuous loading, the minimum permeability occurs approximately 95 % before the point of maximum volumetric compaction, and permeability shows an exponential relationship with volume strain. Nuclear magnetic resonance results indicated that salt intrusion freeze-thaw cycling led to an expansion of the concrete pore structure, with the number of pores after 40 cycles increasing by 87.82 % compared to 10 cycles. Specimens with higher cycle counts exhibited significant deterioration from the combined effects of salt intrusion freeze-thaw, leading to considerable pore development, enhanced hydraulic coupling, increased permeability channels, and a rise in initial permeability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 111994"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of calcined clay reactivity on the mechanical properties and chloride diffusion resistance of alkali-activated calcined clay-GGBFS concrete

IF 6.7 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.111996

Samuel De Carvalho Gomes , Yu Pang , Quang Dieu Nguyen , Wengui Li , Kirk Vessalas , Arnaud Castel

{"title":"The effect of calcined clay reactivity on the mechanical properties and chloride diffusion resistance of alkali-activated calcined clay-GGBFS concrete","authors":"Samuel De Carvalho Gomes , Yu Pang , Quang Dieu Nguyen , Wengui Li , Kirk Vessalas , Arnaud Castel","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.111996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.111996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for sustainable and durable construction materials, particularly in aggressive environments such as those exposed to chloride ingress, necessitates the exploration of alternative binders that offer enhanced performance and lower environmental impact compared to traditional Portland cement. This study investigates the chloride resistance of calcined clay/ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) geopolymer concretes, focusing on variations in precursor proportions, alkali activator concentrations, and the amorphous content of two calcined clays. Durability tests, including standard bulk chloride diffusion, modified-rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT-10V), and NT Build 492, were conducted to evaluate the concrete performance. The compressive strength achieved ranged from 31.5 to 63.5 MPa. Notably, high-grade calcined clay with a 10% Na₂O achieved the highest compressive strength of 63.5 MPa. Electrical resistivity tests indicated that free ions in the pore solution, especially unbound alkalis, contributed to increase the conductivity. A correlation between RCPT results and chloride diffusion coefficients categorized most concretes as low performers in chloride environments, with the exception of the 50HG50S-10 sample, which was categorized as medium performance. Notably, increasing the Na<sub>2</sub>O concentration improved the chloride resistance of low-grade calcined clay, and this was further enhanced with high-grade calcined clay. Finally, exposure to NaCl resulted in no new phases except for halite in low-grade calcined clay. No Friedel's salt was detected in any sample.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 111996"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “A Multi-factor model for predicting cement setting time” [J. Build. Eng. (98) (2024), 1–22/110991]

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.111988

Weijian Zhao, Tao Zheng, Qiliang Zhao, Bochao Sun

引用次数: 0

Exploring the role of accelerated carbonation curing on chloride-induced reinforcing steel corrosion in OPC and blended cement matrix

IF 6.7 2区工程技术

Journal of building engineering Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.111965

Gebremicael Liyew , Sukhoon Pyo , Solmoi Park , Sang-Min Jeon , Hyo Kyoung Lee , Jeong Gook Jang , Hyeong-Ki Kim

{"title":"Exploring the role of accelerated carbonation curing on chloride-induced reinforcing steel corrosion in OPC and blended cement matrix","authors":"Gebremicael Liyew , Sukhoon Pyo , Solmoi Park , Sang-Min Jeon , Hyo Kyoung Lee , Jeong Gook Jang , Hyeong-Ki Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.111965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.111965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the role of accelerated carbonation curing (ACC) in chloride penetration mechanisms and the initiation of steel corrosion in cement-based mixtures. Assessment of basic properties and pore network and chemical analyses were conducted. The chloride penetration resistance and corrosion potential of reinforcing steel in the specimens were evaluated with accelerated and static tests. The results were comprehensively analyzed to discuss the effect of ACC on the durability of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and blended cement against chloride attack and steel corrosion. Results show that ACC significantly enhances OPC's chloride penetration resistance, as evidenced by reduced chloride migration coefficients and lower corrosion rates. In contrast, ACC does not substantially affect chloride resistance of blended cement. The impact of ACC on OPC was linked to reduced pore connectivity and changes in pore size distribution, while blended cements exhibit minimal pore connectivity alterations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 111965"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143359566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0