Journal of building engineering最新文献

{"title":"Numerical Analysis of Optimal Design and Operation of Solar-Assisted Geothermal Heat Pump System","authors":"Jihyun Hwang, Taewon Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113340","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to solve the problem of performance degradation in geothermal heat pump (GSHP) systems caused by a drop in ground temperature due to heating and cooling imbalances in climatic conditions with high heating loads. To this end, a solar-assisted geothermal source heat pump system (SAGHP) utilizing solar energy as an auxiliary heat source was proposed. A numerical analysis model was established based on thermodynamic equations between system components. A numerical analysis tool was developed and validated using actual measurement data. The tool was used to quantitatively analyze system performance based on design variables (solar collector area, thermal storage capacity) and operating variables (source transition temperature). The analysis revealed that excessive collector area led to performance degradation due to over-storage. When the thermal storage capacity or transition temperature was too low or too high, efficiency decreased due to repeated heat source transition or unused solar heat. When optimal conditions were applied, power consumption was reduced by an average of 25.0% compared to GSHP operation alone, and a reduction effect of 28.5% was confirmed based on a three-year average. The SAGHP specific numerical analysis tool developed in this study enables iterative analysis based on a simple input model, significantly reducing the time required for modeling and analysis. Since it was calibrated using actual measurement data, precise performance analysis is possible under conditions similar to actual operating conditions. This enables analysis considering various operating conditions and can be effectively utilized for establishing optimal design and operating strategies. This study confirmed the potential for performance improvement in hybrid regenerative heat source systems and provides practical design and operating guidelines for SAGHP to achieve zero-energy buildings.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the effect of geometric nonlinearity on uneven load distribution in multi-glazed insulating glass units","authors":"Zhiyuan Wang, Junjin Liu, Dian Li, Jianhui Li, Chao Wang, Bo Yang, Shuo Ouyang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113310","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate and efficient evaluation of the load-bearing performance of multi-glazed insulating glass units (IGUs) under uniform loads is essential for wind-resistant design and safety assessment of glass curtain wall systems (GCWS). However, existing empirical data and numerical models are insufficient for reliably capturing the mechanical behavior of these novel thin-shell components, particularly for large-deflection analysis. This paper presented and validated two different finite element (FE) modeling methods, considering geometric nonlinearity, material nonlinearity, and uneven load sharing. Simply Supported (SS) and Center Constrained (CC) boundary conditions were used to build three FE models. Their accuracy, computational efficiency, and applicability were discussed and compared with the BAM method. Based on the superior 2-CC method, the effect of cavity thickness on load sharing ratios (LSRs) of quadruple glazed IGUs (QIGUs) was analyzed. It is found that the LSRs vary with load magnitude, and for the currently used Type A product, designing based solely on the stiffness distribution method adopted by the ASTM E1300 may lead to an underestimation of the LSR for Pane 1 by over 30 %, while overestimating the LSR for Pane 4 by nearly 50 %. Furthermore, a parametric analysis was conducted to determine the LSRs for ten types of market-available QIGUs, as preliminary improvements to the stiffness distribution method. Finally, an optimized calculation formula was presented, providing a basis for conventional QIGU design and a reference for future lightweight optimization analysis of multi-glazing components.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of sustainable high-performance alkali-activated composites using industrial and agricultural wastes: A comprehensive performance evaluation","authors":"Ali Öz, F. Melih Dursun, Ahmet Benli, Gökhan Kaplan","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113319","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing environmental burden of Portland cement production has accelerated the search for sustainable alternatives in construction materials. This study investigates the development and optimization of high-performance alkali-activated composites (AACs) using industrial and agricultural waste products as binders and aggregates. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) was used as the primary precursor, partially replaced by 15% waste brick powder (BP), natural zeolite (NZ), or rice husk ash (RHA) as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), while 100% waste marble powder (WMP) was employed as fine aggregate. The aim was to assess the mechanical, durability, and microstructural properties of these eco-efficient AACs under varying sodium silicate-to-sodium hydroxide (NS/NH) ratios (1.5–3.0) and thermal curing conditions (40 °C and 80 °C), and to identify the optimal formulation for high-performance applications.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Assessment of Residual Seismic Capacity of Unconfined Slender Reinforced Concrete Walls after Constant Drift Loading Protocols","authors":"J. Colmenares, H. Santa María, M.A. Hube","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113351","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental evaluation of the residual seismic capacity of unconfined slender reinforced concrete (RC) walls is essential for making informed decisions after earthquakes, particularly in seismic-prone regions like Chile. This study addresses the gap in experimental data regarding the impact of constant drift loading cycles on the residual seismic capacity of such walls. The residual seismic capacity of walls is understood as the ability to withstand future seismic demands after prior damage, considering potential changes in stiffness, strength, deformation capacity, and energy dissipation. This capacity is essential for understanding wall behavior during successive or long-duration seismic events. Through a rigorous experimental program, four full-scale wall specimens were subjected to lateral loading cycles under constant axial load to simulate pre-earthquake damage. A comprehensive instrumentation scheme, combined with digital image correlation techniques, was employed to record deformations and loads throughout the entire testing process. Findings illustrate notable stiffness variations attributed to pre-earthquake damage, pinpointing deformation levels reached as the primary cause, rather than the repetitive nature of the loading cycles. Contrarily, the strength, deformation capacity, and energy dissipation capacity attributes of the walls remained unchanged. These results provide valuable insights into the degradation of the shear wall’s strength, deformation capacity, stiffness, and energy dissipation capacity due to cumulative damage. This study also contributes to existing literature with relevant empirical evidence, suggesting reconsideration of FEMA 306 stiffness reduction factors.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DETERMINING STRUCTURAL MODELS OF A MASONRY TOWER FROM ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH AND OPERATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS","authors":"Paolo Borlenghi, Antonella Saisi, Carmelo Gentile","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113347","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a fully non-destructive methodology, aimed at defining appropriate structural models of ancient towers by integrating Architectural Research with Operational Modal Analysis (OMA). The outlined approach includes the following steps: (i) documentary research, detailed visual inspection and geometric survey; (ii) simplified vibration testing, involving the measurement of the response to ambient excitation only at the top of the building; (iii) Finite Element (FE) modelling; (iv) definition and updating of the uncertain parameters of the model (that is performed with the possibility of iteratively integrating qualitative data from Architectural Research). The methodology is exemplified on the ancient Zuccaro tower in Mantua (Italy), where two FE models − a simplified beam model and a refined 3D solid model − were developed and updated using the dynamic characteristics extracted from output-only modal tests. Both models achieved high accuracy in representing not only the identified natural frequencies but also the available mechanical characterization of the materials (which was used only for verification purposes). Moreover, the crucial role of Architectural Research is highlighted in detecting and modelling the different masonry regions as well as the stiffening effects of timber floors.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical behavior and ductile-brittle transition in structural wood: Experimental characterization and predictive modeling for cold-climate applications","authors":"Shan Gao, Mengyao Ai, Lili Lu, Qing Wang, Jian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113333","url":null,"abstract":"Wood, as a natural engineering material, exhibits increased susceptibility to brittle fracture in humid-cold environments. Current research lacks comprehensive understanding of the mechanical behavior and ductile-brittle transition (DBT) characteristics of wood during elastic-plastic deformation across a broad sub-zero temperature range. This study systematically investigated the temperature-dependent mechanical properties of poplar (<ce:italic>Populus ussuriensis</ce:italic>) and larch (<ce:italic>Larix gmelinii</ce:italic>) wood in three moisture states (oven-dry, fiber-saturation-point, and water-saturated) from −196 °C to 20 °C. Three-point bending tests and fractographic analysis were conducted to quantify the temperature-dependent evolution of MOE, MOR, ductility, and brittleness. The results revealed that decreasing temperature led to increased MOE, MOR, and brittleness, accompanied by significant ductility reduction. A distinct ductile-to-brittle transition was identified at approximately −40 °C, serving as a critical temperature threshold for fracture mode transformation. Nonlinear surface-fitting models were developed to describe the relationships between mechanical properties and temperature/moisture content, demonstrating excellent predictive capability (<ce:italic>R</ce:italic><ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> = 0.84–0.99). Furthermore, an empirical power-law model (<ce:italic>R</ce:italic><ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> ≥ 0.94) was established between ductility and brittleness, providing a quantitative framework for assessing brittle fracture probability through ductility changes. These findings offer fundamental insights into the temperature-dependent mechanical behavior and fracture characteristics of wood in cold environments, providing scientific guidance for failure risk assessment and structural design of wooden components in frigid regions.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of courtyard roof shape on adjacent building natural ventilation and passive cooling","authors":"Hao Sun, Rafik Bensalem, Abdullah Dik, Zhu Tao, Zhe Wang, Carlos Jimenez-Bescos, John Kaiser Calautit","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113331","url":null,"abstract":"Do all courtyard shapes perform equally? This study investigates how different roof styles impact natural ventilation and passive cooling in courtyard buildings. However, this analysis often overlooks a crucial factor: the interaction between the courtyard’s outdoor environment and the adjacent indoor spaces. Previous studies have largely concentrated on the external wind and thermal conditions, overlooking the exchange of air between the indoors and the courtyard. Addressing this research gap, the study investigates the impact of different roof styles on natural ventilation and temperature regulation within single-sided ventilated courtyard buildings. Employing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations validated against wind tunnel experiments, the research investigates common roof configurations such as flat, dome, butterfly, parapet, Chinese curved, mansard, open gable, gambrel, shed, and reverse shed. Our results indicate that roof geometry significantly affects airflow patterns, pressure distribution, and thermal conditions, demonstrating that it can play a crucial role in enhancing or impeding natural ventilation. Notably, the streamlined design of the dome roof enhanced natural ventilation, providing 80 % higher indoor wind speed than the traditional flat roof and lowering the average indoor temperatures by up to 2.1°C. Importantly, these ventilation patterns remain consistent across varying wind directions, confirming the robustness of the findings. In contrast, the parapet roof exhibits the least effective ventilation, with the highest average indoor temperature of 26.4°C and the lowest average wind speed. The analysis underscores that not all courtyard shapes perform equally. The dome and shed roofs are identified as better designs for enhancing natural ventilation and achieving more uniform temperature distributions across the indoor spaces.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effect of fiber type-length-distribution on mechanical behavior of high-strength synthetic fiber reinforced engineered cementitious composites","authors":"J.T. da Silva Neto, P.R.R. Soares Junior, E.D. Reis, P.S. Maciel, P.C.C. Gomes, A.M.C. Gouveia, A.C.S. Bezerra","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113337","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for concrete has underscored its limitations, particularly in tensile stress scenarios, where ordinary concrete (OC) exhibits fragility and susceptibility to catastrophic failure. Unlike OC, engineered cementitious composite offers high ductility and damage resistance, making it a viable alternative. This study presents an overview of synthetic fibers in construction and explores the influence of incorporating two polymeric fibers, high-modulus polyethylene (HMPE) and polyethylene terephthalate, known as polyester (PES), of varying lengths into cementitious composites. The tests used two configurations of inserting the fibers: randomly distributed in the matrix or concentrated at the bottom of the specimens. The materials were characterized, and medium (MSC) and high-strength (HSC) composites were produced for testing. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to characterize the fibers and to analyze their interaction with the cementitious matrix. The following properties were evaluated: compressive strength (<ce:italic>CS</ce:italic>), static modulus of elasticity (<ce:italic>E</ce:italic>), flexural strength (<ce:italic>FT</ce:italic>), toughness (<ce:italic>T</ce:italic>), impact resistance (<ce:italic>IR</ce:italic>), and thermal conductivity (k). The addition of fibers increased CS and IR, with HMPE outperforming PES. For 38 mm, CS improvements were 23.37 % (HMPE) and 12.93 % (PES) in MSC, and 11.03 % and 2.87 % in HSC. In IR, distributed fibers increased MSC by 28.6 % (HMPE) and 10 % (PES), and HSC by about 6 %. Among concentrated fibers, the 38 mm fiber stood out in MSC, reaching increases of 125 % (HMPE) and 81 % (PES). <ce:italic>FT</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>E</ce:italic>, in turn, were not significantly influenced. However, concentrated fibers significantly enhances <ce:italic>T</ce:italic> and deflection of HSC. The concentrated fiber approach surpasses distributed fibers, especially HMPE, offering valuable insights for optimizing the mechanical properties of these materials in practical applications in structures subjected to sudden loads, intense vibrations, and unexpected external forces. Furthermore, <ce:italic>k</ce:italic> was significantly increased for HMPE composite, while PES demonstrated a reduction when fibers were distributed. These findings suggest the feasibility of reinforcing medium and high-strength cementitious composites with high-performance polymeric fibers.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transfer learning for cross-building forecasting of building energy and indoor air temperature in model predictive control applications","authors":"Hongwen Dou, Kun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113341","url":null,"abstract":"When applying Model Predictive Control (MPC) for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems in buildings, accurate forecasting of short-term energy demand and indoor air condition profiles is essential. However, new or retrofitted buildings lack sufficient operation data to develop precise data-driven models. This study investigates transfer learning techniques to enhance the forecasting performance of black-box models under limited data conditions. Specifically, we leverage synthetic data from an open-source EnergyPlus building model to pre-train three neural network models, which are then transferred to a real building and fine-tuned with limited measurements. The results indicate that incorporating synthetic data into the pre-training phase significantly enhances the forecasting accuracy for building and HVAC energy, as well as indoor air temperature profiles, over a 12-hour horizon with 15-minute intervals. The study underscores the potential of combining transfer learning with synthetic data to address data limitations, extending the applicability of learning-based MPC in real-world buildings.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization and operation of integrated air-water heat pump systems with energy storage and renewable energy based on deep learning","authors":"Daegeun Jang, Icksung Kim, Woohyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113344","url":null,"abstract":"As renewable energy becomes more widely integrated into the power grid, building energy systems are evolving toward distributed, multi-source configurations. This study develops a deep learning (DL)-based control strategy for an integrated system comprising an air-to-water heat pump (AWHP), photovoltaic (PV) solar panels, and an energy storage system (ESS). Designed for residential use, the all-in-one system enables renewable energy generation and its storage in either a battery or a water tank. For efficient operation, accurate modeling of the flexible heating and cooling load, PV generation, and AWHP power demand is essential. These predictions are utilized by transactive control and model predictive control to schedule ESS charging and discharging, thereby managing peak demand and responding to time-of-use electricity rates and equipment temperature setpoints. DL models achieved CvRMSE values below 10% across all targets, with the Transformer model reducing training time by up to 20% while maintaining high accuracy. Simulations conducted using EnergyPlus validate the proposed approach, demonstrating up to 42% energy cost savings compared to conventional methods and a 68% cost reduction during peak periods. These results underscore the effectiveness of the strategy in optimizing operational efficiency, reducing energy costs, and maintaining thermal comfort, all while leveraging renewable energy and storage systems. By integrating the AWHP, PV, and ESS into a single package, the system enables users to efficiently produce and store renewable energy for later use, providing a comfortable and sustainable means of reducing electricity bills.","PeriodicalId":15064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of building engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}