Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials最新文献

{"title":"Multi-layered electrospun grafts for surgical repair: Biomimicking physiological ascending aortic compliance.","authors":"Julia Krammer, Maximilian Pichlmaier, Jan Stana, Christian Hagl, Sven Peterss, Maximilian Grab, Linda Grefen","doi":"10.1177/22808000251316728","DOIUrl":"10.1177/22808000251316728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Commercially available Dacron (woven polyester) grafts are used for routine open surgical repair of thoracic aortic aneurysms. Despite durable and biocompatible, these grafts do not reproduce the natural mechanical properties of the aorta. Therefore, the aim of this project was to develop an innovative graft that additionally exhibits physiological aortic compliance. To achieve this result, multi-layered tubular aortic grafts were created by electrospinning of a thermoplastic polyurethane. To reduce permeability, a gelatin-coating was added. Three groups (G_1-3; <i>n</i> = 5) with varying layer designs were evaluated regarding the main mechanical properties of vascular grafts such as suture retention strength, permeability and static and dynamic compliance. G₃, which combined electrospinning with a stable silicone-coated inlay was chosen for the fabrication of medical grade thermoplastic polyurethane grafts (G_m; <i>n</i> = 6). Dynamic compliance values of 19.68 ± 11.5%/100 mmHg (50-90 mmHg), 15.18 ± 8.7%/100 mmHg (80-120 mmHg) and 14.56 ± 7.4%/100 mmHg (110-150 mmHg) were achieved. The compliance was higher than for Dacron and ePTFE grafts and comparable to the normal sized ascending aorta of around 16%/100 mmHg in a healthy human and porcine aortic compliance of 14.3%/100 mmHg. Static compliance was successfully tested up to 350 mmHg. No significant changes in graft diameter or delaminations of the graft layers were detected after compliance testing. Therefore, by combining electrospinning with a durable inlay, both elasticity and recoverability are obtained, resulting in a promising alternative to the gold-standard in open-surgical treatment of thoracic aortic pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"23 ","pages":"22808000251316728"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amniotic membrane hydrogel as novel injectable platform in combination with metformin for treatment of sciatic nerve injury.","authors":"Zahra Rabiei Dolatabadi, Mona Saheli, Somayeh Solhjoo, Mehran Hosseini, Elahe Mousanejad, Mandana Jafari, Vahid Sheibani, Seyed Noureddin Nematollahi-Mahani","doi":"10.1177/22808000251322865","DOIUrl":"10.1177/22808000251322865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peripheral nerve tissue engineering is a field that uses cells, growth factors and biological scaffold material to provide a nutritional and physical support in the repair of nerve injuries. The specific properties of injectable human amniotic membrane-derived hydrogel including growth factors as well as anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agents make it an ideal tool for nerve tissue repair, and metformin may also aid in nerve regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hydrogel derived from amniotic membrane (AM) along with metformin (MET) administration in the repair of sciatic nerve injury in male rats. We randomly divided 60 male rats into five groups. A control and four sciatic nerve compression groups including model; hydrogel; metformin and mix which received hydrogel and metformin. The recovery rate was assessed by Sciatic Functional Index (SFI), Static Sciatic Index (SSI) and von-frey test. Conduction velocity of the sciatic nerve was measured by Electrophysiological studies, and histological evaluations were performed 14 days after injury. SFI, SSI, latency time, remyelination rate and the expression of NF-200 and S-100β improved in hydrogel group. Response to mechanical stimulus, myelin density, axonal regeneration, and myelin sheath reconstruction improved in the mix group. The gastrocnemius muscle index was significantly reduced in the experimental groups while collagen fibers increased in these groups. These findings suggest that injection of hydrogel derived from decellularized amniotic membrane into the epineurium can be promoted reconstruction of peripheral nerve injury and improved functional nerve recovery. Also, metformin administration can reinforce the therapeutic effect of the hydrogel.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"23 ","pages":"22808000251322865"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of nano-chitosan and <i>Saussurea costus</i> as mouthwash and denture cleanser: In vitro study.","authors":"Sabreen Waleed Ibrahim, Farah Nabeel Mohammed Tahir AlKhayyat, Maha Jamal Abbas","doi":"10.1177/22808000251337545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000251337545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Besides mechanical cleaning, mouthwashes, and denture cleansers are typical supplements for oral care. Many chemical mouthwashes and denture cleansers provide positive effects, but finding safe and natural alternatives should be the priority.</p><p><strong>Aim of study: </strong>This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of natural materials as mouthwash and denture cleansers.</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>In examining the antimicrobial efficacy of mouthwashes, the minimum inhibitory concentration values were determined for five groups: distilled water (negative control), 0.2% chlorhexidine, chitosan solution, <i>Saussurea costus</i> solution, and chitosan-Saussurea solution. As for denture cleansers, the efficacy was evaluated after immersing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) disks in the previous solutions. The cell viability of Human Gingival Fibroblast (hGFs) after treatment with tested solutions was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Data was analyzed using ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc tests.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The prepared solutions showed comparable antimicrobial efficacy and cell viability as chlorohexidine. The chitosan-<i>Saussurea costus</i> solution demonstrated a higher antimicrobial effect and better prevention of microorganisms' adherence to PMMA disks and cell viability. It also did not affect the roughness of PMMA in the short term.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The new denture cleaning and mouthwash agent, which contains the natural constituents of chitosan and <i>Saussurea costus</i>, demonstrates significant antibacterial effectiveness and serves as a viable eco-friendly alternative to commercial mouthwash, as well as exerting minimal influence on denture roughness.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>Chitosan and <i>Saussurea costus</i> have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties that can potentially enhance oral health. These materials present a viable path toward the production of safe, efficient, and sustainable oral care products due to their natural and biocompatible substitutes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"23 ","pages":"22808000251337545"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antitumor and antibiofilm effect of a hydrogel loaded with octenidine hydrochloride (OCTH) for topical treatment of cancer.","authors":"Gustavo Martínez-González, Rene Hernández-Delgadillo, Claudia María García-Cuellar, Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez, Samantha Flores-Treviño, María Argelia Akemi Nakagoshi-Cepeda, Irene Meester, Juan Manuel Solis-Soto, Sergio Eduardo Nakagoshi-Cepeda, Claudio Cabral-Romero","doi":"10.1177/22808000251367864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000251367864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine and characterize the antitumor activity of a hydrogel loaded with octenidine hydrochloride (OCTH) and its action mechanism on human tumor cells.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The antibiofilm property of OCTH against a clinical methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolate (MRSA-CI) was evaluated by disk diffusion assays and a human bone-biofilm model in combination with the BacLight™ staining. The antitumor activity of soluble OCTH and OCTH-loaded biodegradable hydrogels was assessed in human tumor cell lines (MCF-7, CAL-27, FaDu, and A549) under different experimental conditions. Cell viability was measured with the MTT assay, and membrane permeability after OCTH-loaded hydrogel exposure was evaluated with the Calcein AM assay. Genotoxicity was evaluated with comet assay and fluorescence microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A stable, transparent, and biodegradable OCTH hydrogel with a pH of 7.2 was successfully developed. Biofilms exposed to 50 μm OCTH for 24 h exhibited only dead bacteria (red fluorescence), comparable to the effect of 100 μm vancomycin. Soluble OCTH demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of tumor cell growth in all tested cell lines, with significant effects observed from 1 μm. The LD₅₀ values for soluble OCTH across the tumor cell lines ranged from 2.32 to 5.1 µm. Notably, hydrogel loaded with 50 μm OCTH significantly reduced cell growth by 44% after a 15-min exposure and by 97% after 120 min. The Calcein AM assay revealed that OCTH's antitumor mechanism involves the disruption of tumor cell plasma membrane permeability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is the first that describes the antitumor activity of octenidine hydrochloride on different human tumor cell lines. A biodegradable hydrogel loaded with octenidine hydrochloride constitutes an innovative, low-cost alternative for the topical treatment of cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"23 ","pages":"22808000251367864"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication, characterization, and evaluation of a novel nano-ATP/chitosan membranes scaffold for bone regeneration.","authors":"Linxiang Zhang, Ting Dai, Xiaoyu Wu, Bin Yi, Hongbin Zhao","doi":"10.1177/22808000251345903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000251345903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Guided tissue regeneration/guided bone regeneration membranes (GTR/GBR) are widely used to repair damaged bone, manufactured using various materials, including synthetic polymers, natural polymers, metals, and inorganic compounds. Our previous study showed that nano-attapulgite (nano-ATP) composite membranes could significantly increase bone regeneration. Here, the porous nano-ATP-incorporated CH membranes were fabricated via the technique of freeze gelation (FG). The property and thermal stability of membranes were tested by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Cell proliferation and morphology on the membranes were also studied. In vivo Micro-CT and histological analyses were used to evaluate new bone formation in rat cranium defect models. The results indicated that with increasing ATP content, the water absorption, porosity, swelling rate, and degradation rate of chitosan membranes significantly decreased; conversely, the thermal weight loss and mechanical strength exhibited a marked increase. Culture of mouse mesenchymal cells (D1) showed that ATP-incorporated membranes increased cell proliferation and matrix deposition. Furthermore, the results from Micro-CT and histological staining demonstrated that ATP-incorporated membranes could increase new bone formation. These results suggest that this novel nano-ATP incorporated membrane has great potential for bone tissue engineering applications and may lead to effective bone regeneration and repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"23 ","pages":"22808000251345903"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in biomaterials and scaffold design for tendon repair and regeneration.","authors":"Ahmad Alhaskawi, Yanzhao Dong, Xiaodi Zou, Weijie Zhou, Sohaib Hasan Abdullah Ezzi, Vishnu Goutham Kota, Mohamed Hasan Abdulla Hasan Abdulla, Sahar Abdalbary, Hui Lu","doi":"10.1177/22808000241310684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000241310684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tendon injuries present a significant clinical challenge due to their limited natural healing capacity and the mechanical demands placed on these tissues. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the current strategies and advancements in tendon repair and regeneration, focusing on biomaterial innovations and scaffold design. Through a systematic literature search of databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, key studies were analyzed to assess the efficacy of biocompatible materials like hydrogels, synthetic polymers, and fiber-reinforced scaffolds in promoting tendon healing. Emphasis is placed on the role of collagen fiber architecture, including fiber diameter, alignment, and crimping, in restoring the mechanical strength and functional properties of tendons. Additionally, the review highlights emerging techniques such as electrospinning, melt electrowriting, and hybrid textile methods that allow for precise scaffold designs mimicking native tendon structures. Cutting-edge approaches in regenerative medicine, including stem cell therapies, bioelectronic devices, and bioactive molecules, are also explored for their potential to enhance tendon repair. The findings underscore the transformative impact of these technologies on improving tendon biomechanics and functional recovery. Future research directions are outlined, aiming to overcome the current limitations in scaffold mechanical properties and integration at tendon-bone and tendon-muscle junctions. This review contributes to the development of more effective strategies for tendon regeneration, advancing both clinical outcomes and the field of orthopedic tissue engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"23 ","pages":"22808000241310684"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REFIX layer in children with MIH: Thickness, color, and hypersensitivity, a preliminary longitudinal study using an intraoral scanner.","authors":"Ana Carolina Cheron Gentile, Giovanna Bueno Marinho, Bruna Cordeiro Amarante, Ana Clara Moronte Dias de Souza, Vanessa Silva da Costa, Fabiano Vieira Vilhena, Marcelo Bönecker","doi":"10.1177/22808000251349931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000251349931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Teeth with molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) present demarcated opacities, which are structural alterations in the enamel, making them more porous and often resulting in dentin hypersensitivity (DH). New technologies have been developed for the management of MIH-affected teeth, including bioactive silicon materials, which could form new silicon-enriched hydroxyapatite crystals, reinforcing the structure, and acting as an obliterating agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the formation of a mineral layer and changes in the demarcated opacities' color employing an intraoral Trios 4 scanner after using a new silicon-based bioactive clinical system plus calcium in 11 children with MIH. DH was assessed with the VAS and SCASS scales at baseline, 15, and 30 days. Intraoral scanning revealed the formation of a mineral layer after 30 days, and significant DH reduction was observed (mean reductions: VAS 65% at 15 days and 83% at 30 days; SCASS 76% at 15 days and 94% at 30 days). Moreover, Cox regression analysis identified baseline pain severity as an independent predictor of a faster reduction in DH (adjusted HR = 0.06, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Color analysis suggested a lightening of the demarcated opacities. These results indicate that the new silicon-based bioactive clinical system plus calcium may effectively reduce DH and modify both enamel structure and opacity coloration in MIH-affected teeth. Longitudinal studies with larger samples are needed to assess the long-term effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"23 ","pages":"22808000251349931"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of polymeric nanoparticles and traditional agents in dental implant decontamination.","authors":"Håvard J Haugen, Jaime Bueno, Badra Hussain, Raquel Osorio, Mariano Sanz","doi":"10.1177/22808000251313948","DOIUrl":"10.1177/22808000251313948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peri-implant diseases, such as peri-implantitis, affect up to 47% of dental implant recipients, primarily due to biofilm formation. Current decontamination methods vary in efficacy, prompting interest in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) for their antimicrobial and protein-specific cleaning properties. This study evaluated the efficacy of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) in decontaminating titanium dental implants by removing proteinaceous pellicle layers and resisting recontamination. Titanium discs were treated with saline water, PrefGel^®, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), GUM^® Paroex^®, or polymeric NPs, and analysed using SEM, EDX, XPS, and contact angle measurements to assess changes in surface composition, morphology, and hydrophilicity. Polymeric NPs significantly reduced nitrogen levels compared to PrefGel® (mean reduction: 2.6%, <i>p</i> < 0.05), indicating effective protein removal. However, their carbon reduction efficacy was similar to that of other agents. SEM images revealed that polymeric NPs disaggregated larger protein aggregates but did not fully decontaminate the surface. Contact angle analysis showed changes in hydrophilicity consistent with other treatments. Hydrogen peroxide performed best overall, achieving the lowest carbon levels post-recontamination (mean reduction: 13%, <i>p</i> < 0.01). While polymeric NPs exhibited unique protein-specific cleaning potential, their overall performance was comparable to traditional agents. Residual contaminants, including carbon and oxygen, persisted on all treated surfaces, indicating enhanced cleaning strategies were needed. These findings highlight the potential of polymeric NPs as an innovative approach to implant decontamination, particularly for protein-specific biofilm control. However, their efficacy in broader applications remains like that of conventional methods. This research contributes to developing targeted decontamination protocols to manage peri-implant diseases and improve long-term implant outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"23 ","pages":"22808000251313948"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicate-substituted bovine-derived hydroxyapatite as a bone substitute in regenerative dentistry.","authors":"Jithendra Ratnayake, Niranjan Ramesh, Maree L Gould, Michael R Mucalo, George J Dias","doi":"10.1177/22808000251314302","DOIUrl":"10.1177/22808000251314302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydroxyapatite, renowned for its biocompatibility and osteoconductive properties, plays a fundamental role in bone regeneration owing to its resemblance to natural bone mineral, thus offering considerable potential for advancing tissue engineering strategies. In this article, the innovative integration of silicon ions into biogenic (bovine-derived) hydroxyapatite (SiBHA) via a tailored sol-gel process is reported. The resultant SiBHA scaffolds exhibited an interconnected microporous structure with a total porosity of 70% and pore dimensions ranging from 120 to 650 µm. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies validated the effective incorporation of silicon ions into the BHA lattice, with energy-dispersive X-ray and inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry further confirming a Ca/P molar ratio for SiBHA between 1.63 and 1.74. Moreover, SiBHA scaffolds demonstrated commendable chemical and thermal stability. Of note, SiBHA scaffolds were found to display significantly enhanced mechanical properties, including compressive strength and Young's modulus, compared to the control BHA scaffolds. In vitro assessments highlighted the capacity of SiBHA scaffolds to foster cell viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of Saos-2 cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant increase in osteonectin expression, a key bone matrix protein, after 14 days of incubation under osteogenic conditions. These findings highlight the biocompatibility and therapeutic potential of SiBHA scaffolds, suggesting their suitability as biomaterials for dental bone regeneration applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"23 ","pages":"22808000251314302"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotics for caries prevention: A narrative review.","authors":"Mohammed Zahedul Islam Nizami, Stephanie Chu, Samantha Chu, Chun Hung Chu","doi":"10.1177/22808000251376427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000251376427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dental caries, a widespread global health problem, results from oral microbiome dysbiosis dominated by acidogenic pathogens like <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>. Conventional preventive methods, such as fluoride and antimicrobial rinses, often lack specificity and can disrupt beneficial microbes. Probiotics are live, health-promoting bacteria or yeasts commonly found in foods such as yogurt or in dietary supplements. They help restore microbial balance and have emerged as a promising strategy for caries management. This review explores the mechanisms, efficacy, and clinical applications of probiotics in caries prevention. Specific strains such as <i>Lactobacillus reuteri</i>, <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i>, and <i>Streptococcus salivarius</i> inhibit cariogenic bacteria through competitive exclusion, acidity modulation via arginine metabolism, and production of antimicrobial compounds like reuterin and bacteriocins. Clinical trials show that probiotic lozenges, gums, and dairy products reduce <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> counts and caries incidence in both children and adults. Challenges remain in optimizing strain selection, delivery methods, and ensuring long-term efficacy. Innovations include engineered probiotics with enhanced antimicrobial activity and synbiotics that combine probiotics with prebiotic fibers to improve colonization. While probiotics provide a safe, non-invasive adjunct to traditional approaches, further large-scale, well-designed longitudinal studies are essential to standardize protocols and understand their ecological effects on the oral microbiome. In summary, integrating probiotics into personalized oral care has the potential to revolutionize caries prevention by addressing microbial dysbiosis directly, shifting the focus from pathogen elimination to promoting a balanced microbiome. This highlights the significance of probiotics in supporting oral and dental health and potentially reducing the prevalence of caries worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"23 ","pages":"22808000251376427"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}