Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials最新文献

{"title":"Effect of titanium dioxide on <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> biofilm.","authors":"Molly K Sanders,&nbsp;Simone Duarte,&nbsp;Hadeel M Ayoub,&nbsp;Allison C Scully,&nbsp;LaQuia A Vinson,&nbsp;Richard L Gregory","doi":"10.1177/22808000221131892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000221131892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (<i>S. mutan</i>s) participates in the dental caries process. Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles produce reactive oxygen species capable of disrupting bacterial DNA synthesis by creating pores in cell walls and membranes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to determine the effect of TiO₂ on the disruption of <i>S. mutans</i> biofilm.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted in four phases involving a TiO₂-containing toothbrush and TiO₂ nanoparticles. Each phase was completed using 24 h established <i>S. mutans</i> biofilm growth. Phase one data was collected through a bacterial plating study, assessing biofilm viability. Biofilm mass was evaluated in phase two of the study by measuring <i>S. mutans</i> biofilm grown on microtiter plates following crystal violet staining. The third phase of the study involved a generalized oxygen radical assay to determine the relative amount of oxygen radicals released intracellularly. Phase four of the study included the measurement of insoluble glucan/extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis using a phenol-sulfuric acid assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both exposure time and time intervals had a significant effect on bacterial viability counts (<i>p</i> = 0.0323 and <i>p</i> = 0.0014, respectively). Bacterial counts after 6 min of exposure were significantly lower than after 2 min (<i>p</i> = 0.034), compared to the no treatment control (<i>p</i> = 0.0056). As exposure time increased, the amount of remaining biofilm mass was statistically lower than the no treatment control. Exposure time had a significant effect on oxygen radical production. Both the 30 and 100 nm TiO₂ nanoparticles had a significant effect on bacterial mass. The silver nanoparticles and the 30 and 100 nm TiO₂ nanoparticles significantly inhibited EPS production.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The TiO₂-containing toothbrush kills, disrupts, and produces oxygen radicals that disrupt established <i>S. mutans</i> biofilm. TiO₂ and silver nanoparticles inhibit EPS production and reduce biofilm mass. The addition of TiO₂ to dental products may be effective in reducing cariogenic dental biofilm.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"21 ","pages":"22808000221131892"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9662905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of EGCG composite hydrogel for the treatment of radiation-induced skin injuries.","authors":"Jingying Wang, Lin Gao, Jianbo Song, Sijin Li","doi":"10.1177/22808000231218996","DOIUrl":"10.1177/22808000231218996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the rising incidence of cancer, radiotherapy has become an increasingly popular treatment modality. However, radiation-induced skin injuries (RSIs) have emerged as a commonly reported side effect of radiotherapy, thereby presenting a significant challenge in the field of radiotherapy. In this study, we report the successful synthesis of a photosensitive hydrogel via amide reaction for grafting the photosensitive group, methacrylate anhydride (MA), onto chitosan (CHI) and gelatin (GEL), with subsequent physical incorporation of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). The resulting composite photosensitive hydrogels exhibited favorable swelling properties, rheological properties, and biocompatibility, which promote angiogenesis and demonstrate notable therapeutic efficacy against RSIs. These findings provide valuable insights into the clinical utility of EGCG composite hydrogels for the effective management of RSIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"21 ","pages":"22808000231218996"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138829770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cumulative antitumor effect of bismuth lipophilic nanoparticles and cetylpyridinium chloride in inhibiting the growth of lung cancer.","authors":"Claudia María García-Cuellar,&nbsp;Rene Hernández-Delgadillo,&nbsp;Jesús Alejandro Torres-Betancourt,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Solis-Soto,&nbsp;Irene Meester,&nbsp;Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez,&nbsp;Nayely Pineda-Aguilar,&nbsp;Sergio Eduardo Nakagoshi-Cepeda,&nbsp;Rosa Isela Sánchez-Nájera,&nbsp;María Argelia Akemi Nakagoshi-Cepeda,&nbsp;Shankararaman Chellam,&nbsp;Claudio Cabral-Romero","doi":"10.1177/22808000231161177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000231161177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the combined antitumor effect of bismuth lipophilic nanoparticles (BisBAL NP) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) on human lung tumor cells.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The human lung tumor cells A549 were exposed to 1-100 µM BisBAL NP or CPC, either separately or in a 1:1 combination. Cell viability was measured with the PrestoBlue assay, the LIVE/DEAD assay, and fluorescence microscopy. The integrity and morphology of cellular microtubules were analyzed by immunofluorescence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 24-h exposure to 1 µM solutions reduced A549 growth with 21.5% for BisBAL NP, 70.5% for CPC, and 92.4% for the combination (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), while a 50 µM BisBAL NP/CPC mixture inhibited cell growth with 99% (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). BisBAL NP-curcumin conjugates were internalized within 30 min of exposure and could be traced within the nucleus of tumor cells within 2 h. BisBAL NP, but not CPC, interfered with microtubule organization, thus interrupting cell replication, similar to the action mechanism of docetaxel.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The growth inhibition of A549 human tumor cells by BisBAL NP and CPC was cumulative as of 1 µM. The BisBAL NP/CPC combination may constitute an innovative and cost-effective alternative for treating human lung cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"21 ","pages":"22808000231161177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9154408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-fungal efficacy of Miswak Extract (Salvadora Persica) and commercial cleaner against Candida albicans on heat cured polymethylmethacrylate denture base.","authors":"Nadia Wajdan, Kashif Aslam, Rafat Amin, Sadaf Khan, Naseer Ahmed, Abhishek Lal, Eman M AlHamdan, Fahim Vohra, Tariq Abduljabbar, Artak Heboyan","doi":"10.1177/22808000231165666","DOIUrl":"10.1177/22808000231165666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the study was to compare the antifungal efficacy between commercial cleaner (Corega) and Miswak extract (<i>Salvadora persica</i>) against <i>Candida albicans</i> on heat cured Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) acrylic denture base resin.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty-eight samples of heat cured PMMA acrylic denture base resin were fabircated in the study. The sterile acrylic resin specimens were immersed in standardized cell suspension of <i>Candida albicans</i> and incubated for 60 min at 370°C for cell adhesion and 2 h at 370°C for biofilm formation. After 24 h biofilm was evaluated by cell viability (CFUs) on SDA and cell counting of <i>Candida albicans</i> under light microscope at 400× magnification. The fungicidal effect of commercial cleaner and Miswak extract on <i>Candida albicans</i> biofilm was then evaluated by colony-forming units on SDA and cell counting under light microscope at 400× magnification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Screening test agar disk-diffusion assay showed mean inhibitory zone of 3 mm for commercial cleaner as compared to Miswak extract, which showed mean inhibitory zone of 2 and 1 mm for different concentrations. Broth microdilution method showed 31 mg/ml MIC and 62.5 mg/ml Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) values for commercial cleaner as compared to Miswak extract that showed 125 mg/ml MIC and 250 mg/ml MFC values against <i>Candida albicans</i>. A significant difference (<i>p</i> < 0.05) was observed between pre and post treatment of both commercial cleaner and Miswak extract, for CFUs and cell count for <i>Candida albicans</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Commercial denture cleaner (Corega) showed better antifungal (<i>C albicans</i>) activity than Miswak extract (<i>Salvadora persica</i>) on heat cured PMMA acrylic denture base resin.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"21 ","pages":"22808000231165666"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9752770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of carbon and graphene oxide nanoparticle on the adhesive properties of dentin bonding polymer: A SEM, EDX, FTIR study.","authors":"Hanan Alsunbul, Yasser F Alfawaz, Eman M Alhamdan, Imran Farooq, Fahim Vohra, Tariq Abduljabbar","doi":"10.1177/22808000231159238","DOIUrl":"10.1177/22808000231159238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was aimed at including 2.5 wt.% of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) and graphene oxide NPs (GNPs) in a control adhesive (CA) and then investigate the effect of this inclusion on their mechanical properties and its adhesion to root dentin.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) mapping were conducted to investigate the structural features and elemental distribution of CNPs and GNPs, respectively. These NPs were further characterized by Raman spectroscopy. The adhesives were characterized by evaluating their push-out bond strength (PBS), rheological properties, degree of conversion (DC) investigation, and failure type analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SEM micrographs revealed that the CNPs were irregular and hexagonal, whereas the GNPs were flake-shaped. EDX analysis showed that carbon (C), oxygen (O), and zirconia (Zr) were found in the CNPs, while the GNPs were composed of C and O. The Raman spectra for CNPs and GNPs revealed their characteristic bands (CNPs-D band: 1334 cm^-1, GNPs-D band: 1341 cm^-1, CNPs-G band: 1650 cm^-1, and GNPs-G band: 1607 cm^-1). The testing verified that the highest bond strength to root dentin were detected for GNP-reinforced adhesive (33.20 ± 3.55 MPa), trailed closely by CNP-reinforced adhesive (30.48 ± 3.10 MPa), while, the CA displayed lowest values (25.11 ± 3.60 MPa). The inter-group comparisons of the NP-reinforced adhesives with the CA revealed statistically significant results (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Failures of adhesive nature were most common in within the adhesives and root dentin. The rheological assessment results demonstrated a reduced viscosity for all the adhesives observed at advanced angular frequencies. All the adhesives verified suitable dentin interaction shown by hybrid layer and appropriate resin tag development. A reduced DC was perceived for both NP-reinforced adhesives, compared to the CA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study's findings have demonstrated that 2.5% GNP adhesive revealed the highest, suitable root dentin interaction, and acceptable rheological properties. Nevertheless, a reduced DC was observed (matched with the CA). Prospective studies probing the influence of diverse concentrations of filler NPs on the adhesive's mechanical properties to root dentin are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"21 ","pages":"22808000231159238"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9453234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bovine hydroxyapatite-based scaffold accelerated the inflammatory phase and bone growth in rats with bone defect.","authors":"Maria Apriliani Gani,&nbsp;Aniek Setiya Budiatin,&nbsp;Dewi Wara Shinta,&nbsp;Chrismawan Ardianto,&nbsp;Junaidi Khotib","doi":"10.1177/22808000221149193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000221149193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a biomaterial widely used to treat bone defect, such as due to traffic accident. The HA scaffold is obtained from synthetic HA or natural sources, such as bovine hydroxyapatite (BHA). This study aims to compare the characteristics and in vivo performance of BHA-based and HA-based scaffolds. For this purpose, the scaffold was formulated with gelatin (GEL) and characterised by SEM-EDX, FTIR and mini autograph. The defect model was carried out on the femur area of Wistar rats classified into three animal groups: defect, HA-GEL and BHA-GEL. Postoperatively (7, 14 and 28 days), the bone was radiologically evaluated, and stained with haematoxylin-eosin, anti-CD80 and anti-CD163. The BHA-GEL scaffold showed a regular surface and spherical particle shape, whereas the HA-GEL scaffold exhibited irregular surface. The BHA-GEL scaffold had higher pore size and compressive strength and lower calcium-to-phosphorus ratio than the HA-GEL scaffold. In vivo study showed that the expression of CD80 in the three experimental groups was not significantly different. However, the expression of CD163 differed significantly between the groups. The BHA-GEL group showed robust expression of CD163 on day 7, which rapidly decreased over time. It also showed increased osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes cell count that contributed to the integrity of the defect area. In conclusion, the BHA-based scaffold exhibited the desired physical and chemical characteristics that benefit in vivo performance versus the HA-based scaffold. Thus, the BHA-based scaffold may be used as a bone graft.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"21 ","pages":"22808000221149193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10588897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the biocompatibility of fish skin collagen with the mesenchymal stem cells in <i>in vitro</i> cultures.","authors":"Kinga Rusinek, Anna Słysz, Tomasz Dębski, Katarzyna Siennicka, Aleksandra Zołocińska, Justyna Miszkiewicz-Jasińska, Anna Aleksandrowicz, Zygmunt Pojda","doi":"10.1177/22808000231211423","DOIUrl":"10.1177/22808000231211423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are scarce published data suggesting, that collagen extracted from fish skin may be an attractive alternative to mammalian-derived collagen for the <i>in vitro</i> cell cultures. In this study, we investigated proliferation potential and differentiation capability into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages of rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) and human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) cultured on collagen extracted from silver carp and African sharptooth catfish skins, compared with commercially available mammalian collagen and collagen-free culture dishes. Our results revealed no significant differences between fish collagen and mammalian collagen in supporting cell viability and proliferation capacity. Fish-derived collagen is a cheap material derived from production waste, does not contain transmissible pathogens of mammalian origin, supports human cell cultures at comparable level to conventional collagen sources, and may be considered as the product of choice for the <i>in vitro</i> cell cultures.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"21 ","pages":"22808000231211423"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138829855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spin-coating of Graphene Oxide as Counter Electrode for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells in Various Dispersing Solvents","authors":"T. Wu, Wei-Ming Huang, Yu-Chi Tsao, J. Tsai","doi":"10.35745/afm2022v02.04.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35745/afm2022v02.04.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Platinum (Pt) is the most commonly used counter electrode material for DSSCs. However, as Pt is a noble metal and expensive, researchers have tried to replace the Pt counter electrode with a variety of materials. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) powders were added to solvents of different polarities as precursor solutions for the counter electrode. The solvents were deionized water, dimethylformamide, isopropanol, and chlorobenzene in descending order of polarity. The prepared GO precursor solutions were coated on the Florine doped Tin Oxide (FTO) glass substrate via spin coating, then coated substrate subjected to thermal reduction reaction to obtain reduced graphene oxide, which was used as the counter electrode of the DSSC. The photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of DSSC using deionized water as the dispersing solvent was 2.70%, which was five times higher than that of DSSC using chlorobenzene.","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75141108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular-Dynamical Investigation of Thermomechanical Properties of Spherical Solid and Hollow Nickel Nanopowder during Laser Additive Manufacturing Process","authors":"Ling-Feng Lai, Yu-Chen Su, Chun-Ming Chang, Kuei-Shu Hsu, D. Lu, Jian-Ming Lu","doi":"10.35745/afm2022v02.04.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35745/afm2022v02.04.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation with the embedded-atom method (EAM)/alloy potential is used to investigate the property of the nanoscale hollow spherical Nickel (Ni) powder during the laser additive manufacturing (AM) process. The thermomechanical properties of the Ni nanopowder is also explored (1) at room temperature and (2) from room temperature to the melting temperature during laser AM of powder bed fusion. As a result, the optimum parameters for the laser AM process are proposed. The optimal coalescence temperature of the nanoscale hollow spherical Ni powder is in the range between 980 and 1421K, while the melting temperature is in the range between 1320 and 1470 K. The coalescence and melting temperatures are lower than the melting point of Ni (1728 K).","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73016146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct Visualization of Si and Ge Atoms by Shifting Electron Picoscopy","authors":"O. Kucherov","doi":"10.35745/afm2022v02.04.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35745/afm2022v02.04.0002","url":null,"abstract":"The picoscopy images of the Si/Ge(100) system were analyzed, and electron cloud densitometry of silicon is presented in this study. The picoscopy is used to distinguish Ge, Si, and other chemical elements because different atoms have different densities of electron clouds. This result is in full accordance with Kucherov's law which states that the current passed through an electron cloud is proportional to the density of the cloud. The picoscopy image has shown Si crystals, Si/Ge solid solution, and their interface as the single crystal without defects. Local deformations in crystals were investigated using methods of direct visualization of individual atoms and measuring the distance of the center of atoms from the node of the crystal lattice. Visual сrystallography becomes a new way to study applied functional materials. This is the first publication on the real structure of a silicon atom.","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72476983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}