Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal最新文献_第6页

Earnings Risk and Heterogeneous Expected Earnings Profiles 盈余风险与异质预期盈余概况

Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal Pub Date : 2020-06-18 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3630330

Scott Drewianka, P. Oberg

引用次数: 0

Italian Families in the 21st Century: Gender Gaps in Time Use and their Evolution 21世纪的意大利家庭:时间使用的性别差异及其演变

Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal Pub Date : 2020-06-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3627007

F. Barigozzi, Cesare Di Timoteo, C. Monfardini

{"title":"Italian Families in the 21st Century: Gender Gaps in Time Use and their Evolution","authors":"F. Barigozzi, Cesare Di Timoteo, C. Monfardini","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3627007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3627007","url":null,"abstract":"We provide novel estimates of gender differences in the allocation of time by Italian adults and document their trends over the span 2002-2014, pooling three time-use surveys run by the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT). The positive gap (females-males) in time devoted to Household work and the negative gap in Market work and Leisure are found to have narrowed over the observed period, mainly due to changes in women’s time allocation, while the positive gap in time devoted to Child care remained substantially constant. In 2014, the sharing of family duties appears still heavily unbalanced even when we look at the subsample of full-time working parents. Full-time working mothers devote to Market work about 4 hours per week less than their partners, but they devote 14 hours per week more to Household work and 3 hours and a half more to Basic child care. This translates in 13 hours per week more total (paid and unpaid) work and 11 hours per week less Leisure. On the positive side, the gender gap in time devoted to Quality child care exhibits a reversed sign in 2014. The change is driven by weekend days, when partners of full-time working mothers become the main provider of this type of care.","PeriodicalId":149805,"journal":{"name":"Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132859065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Native-Immigrant Differences in the Effect of Children on the Gender Pay Gap 本土移民子女对性别收入差距影响的差异

Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal Pub Date : 2020-06-10 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3624746

Adrian Nieto Castro

引用次数: 6

The Psychological Effects of Poverty on Investments in Children’s Human Capital 贫困对儿童人力资本投资的心理影响

Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3633815

Guilherme Lichand, E. Bettinger, Nina Cunha, Ricardo A. Madeira

{"title":"The Psychological Effects of Poverty on Investments in Children’s Human Capital","authors":"Guilherme Lichand, E. Bettinger, Nina Cunha, Ricardo A. Madeira","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3633815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3633815","url":null,"abstract":"Poverty focuses attention on present needs. Does that mean that poor parents respond inefficiently to future returns on investments in their children's human capital - even when they would have the financial means to invest optimally? We study this question in the context of an educational program in Brazil whose predicted child-specific returns are known to the researchers, allowing us to compute optimal decisions. Using a lab-in-the-field experiment to make some parents worry more than others about pressing financial needs, we find that those in the treatment condition offered the opportunity to invest in that program misallocate resources relative to the control group: they not only invest significantly less when the program has high returns, but also, significantly more when predicted returns are low. We show that such inefficient responses are driven by poverty-induced attention misa/Jocation, since (1) parents in the treatment condition perform better in cognitive tests that yield small but immediate returns, and (2) increasing the salience of returns before the experiment eliminates differential responses by those parents. Our results suggest that poiicy instruments to boost human capital investments among the poor, such as credit lines earmarked for education, may be insufficient to spark such investments when returns are high, and even lead to over-investment by those not expected to benefit from it.","PeriodicalId":149805,"journal":{"name":"Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133207237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Understanding the Education Polygenic Score and Its Interactions with SES in Determining Health in Young Adulthood 了解教育多基因评分及其与社会经济地位在决定青年成年健康中的相互作用

Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3397735

A. Bolyard, P. Savelyev

引用次数: 8

Дифференциация молодежных групп: экономическая активность, демографическое поведение, социальные практики (Differentiation of Youth Groups: Economic Activity, Demographic Behavior, Social Practices) Дифференциациямолодежныхгрупп:экономическаяактивность,демографическоеповедени,есоциальныепрактики(青年组织的分化:经济活动人口的行为,社会实践)

Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal Pub Date : 2020-05-25 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3710497

E. Avraamova, Anastasia V. Karavay, Dmitriy Loginov, V. Titov

{"title":"Дифференциация молодежных групп: экономическая активность, демографическое поведение, социальные практики (Differentiation of Youth Groups: Economic Activity, Demographic Behavior, Social Practices)","authors":"E. Avraamova, Anastasia V. Karavay, Dmitriy Loginov, V. Titov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3710497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3710497","url":null,"abstract":"Russian Abstract: Целью исследования является выявление, с одной стороны, основных и наиболее распространенных типов социально-экономического и демографического поведения российской молодежи, а, с другой – новых типов поведения, которые зарождаются в молодежной среде, с тем, чтобы впоследствии тиражироваться в других возрастных когортах. Информационной базой исследования является анкетный опрос молодежных групп (в возрасте 18-35 лет), проведенный по общероссийской репрезентативной выборке. Анализ эмпирических данных позволил выявить модели экономической активности миллениалов. Исследованы традиционные и новые модели трудового и финансового поведения. Выявлены базовые и новые модели демографического поведения. Проанализированы социальные практики, распространенные в молодежной среде, а также формы солидарности поколений. English Abstract: The aim of the study is, on the one hand, to identify the main and the most widespread types of socio-economic and demographic behavior of the Russian youth and, on the other hand, to find out new types of behavior that appear in the youth environment that will consequently spread among other age cohorts. The informational base of the study is the survey among groups of young people (in the age from 18 to 35) conducted basing on the representative sample all over Russia. The analysis of empirical data allowed to reveal the models of ’Millennials’ economic activity. The new and traditional models of labor and financial behavior are studied. The basic and new models of demographic behavior are found out. The social practices common for young people as well as the forms of solidarity among generations are analyzed.","PeriodicalId":149805,"journal":{"name":"Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114168595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding the Rising Trend in Female Labour Force Participation 了解女性劳动参与率上升的趋势

Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal Pub Date : 2020-05-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3636580

N. Hérault, G. Kalb

引用次数: 4

The Educational and Fertility Effects of Sibling Deaths 兄弟姐妹死亡对教育和生育的影响

Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal Pub Date : 2020-05-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3172537

Dhanushka Thamarapani, Marc Rockmore, Willa Friedman

{"title":"The Educational and Fertility Effects of Sibling Deaths","authors":"Dhanushka Thamarapani, Marc Rockmore, Willa Friedman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3172537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3172537","url":null,"abstract":"An emerging literature finds that childhood exposure to adverse events determines adult outcomes and behavior. We extend this research to understand the influence of witnessing a sibling death as a child on subsequent educational and fertility outcomes in Indonesia. Using panel data and a sibling fixed effects model, we identify this relationship based on variation in the age of surviving children within the same family. Our findings strongly support the importance and persistence of adverse childhood experiences. In particular, for surviving sisters, witnessing a sibling death reduces the years of completed education and the likelihood of completing secondary schooling. The effect on surviving brothers is more muted. A potential channel for this result is that women respond by changing their fertility behavior. While surviving the death of a sibling has little effect on desired fertility levels, we find evidence that surviving sisters start a family about 3-4 years earlier. This suggests that interventions targeted at early-life outcomes may have important ripple effects and that the full impact of health interventions may not be visible until decades afterwards","PeriodicalId":149805,"journal":{"name":"Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131630648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Migration, Housing Constraints, and Inequality: A Quantitative Analysis of China 移民、住房约束与不平等：中国的定量分析

Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal Pub Date : 2020-04-27 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3572838

Min Fang, Zibin Huang

{"title":"Migration, Housing Constraints, and Inequality: A Quantitative Analysis of China","authors":"Min Fang, Zibin Huang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3572838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3572838","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the role of migration and housing constraints in determining income inequality within and across Chinese cities. Combining microdata and a spatial equilibrium model, we quantify the impact of the massive spatial reallocation of workers and the rapid growth of housing costs on the national income distribution. We first show several stylized facts detailing the strong positive correlation between migration inflows, housing costs, and imputed income inequality among Chinese cities. We then build a spatial equilibrium model featuring workers with heterogeneous skills, housing constraints, and heterogeneous returns from housing ownership to explain these facts. Our quantitative results indicate that the reductions in migration costs and the disproportionate growth in productivity across cities and skills result in the observed massive migration flows. Combining with the tight land supply policy in big cities, the expansion of the housing demand causes the rapid growth of housing costs and enlarges the inequality between local housing owners and migrants. The counterfactual analysis shows that if we redistribute land supply increment by migrant flow and increase land supply toward cities with more migrants, we could lower the within-city income inequality by 14% and the national income inequality by 18%. Meanwhile, we can simultaneously encourage more migration into higher productivity cities.","PeriodicalId":149805,"journal":{"name":"Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141209790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Corporate Social Responsibility, Pension Liability, and Dividend Policy 企业社会责任、养老金责任与股利政策

Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal Pub Date : 2020-04-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3583901

Ken Y. Chen

引用次数: 0