21世纪的意大利家庭:时间使用的性别差异及其演变

F. Barigozzi, Cesare Di Timoteo, C. Monfardini
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引用次数: 7

摘要

我们对意大利成年人在时间分配方面的性别差异进行了新颖的估计,并汇集了意大利国家统计局(ISTAT)开展的三次时间使用调查,记录了2002年至2014年期间的趋势。在观察期间,用于家务劳动的时间的正差距(女性-男性)和市场工作和休闲的负差距已经缩小,主要是由于女性时间分配的变化,而用于儿童保育的时间的正差距基本保持不变。2014年,即使我们看一下全职工作父母的子样本,家庭责任的分担似乎仍然严重不平衡。全职工作的母亲每周花在市场工作上的时间比她们的伴侣少4个小时,但她们每周花在家务上的时间多14个小时,花在基本儿童保育上的时间多3个半小时。这意味着每周总共多工作13个小时(有薪和无薪),每周少11个小时的休闲时间。从积极的方面来看,2014年,用于高质量儿童保育的时间的性别差距呈现出相反的迹象。这一变化是由周末推动的,在周末,全职工作母亲的伴侣成为这种照顾的主要提供者。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Italian Families in the 21st Century: Gender Gaps in Time Use and their Evolution
We provide novel estimates of gender differences in the allocation of time by Italian adults and document their trends over the span 2002-2014, pooling three time-use surveys run by the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT). The positive gap (females-males) in time devoted to Household work and the negative gap in Market work and Leisure are found to have narrowed over the observed period, mainly due to changes in women’s time allocation, while the positive gap in time devoted to Child care remained substantially constant. In 2014, the sharing of family duties appears still heavily unbalanced even when we look at the subsample of full-time working parents. Full-time working mothers devote to Market work about 4 hours per week less than their partners, but they devote 14 hours per week more to Household work and 3 hours and a half more to Basic child care. This translates in 13 hours per week more total (paid and unpaid) work and 11 hours per week less Leisure. On the positive side, the gender gap in time devoted to Quality child care exhibits a reversed sign in 2014. The change is driven by weekend days, when partners of full-time working mothers become the main provider of this type of care.
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