Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal最新文献_第10页

Demand for Older Workers: What Do Economists Think? What are Firms Doing? 对老年工人的需求:经济学家怎么看?公司在做什么?

Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.3386/w26597

S. G. Allen

{"title":"Demand for Older Workers: What Do Economists Think? What are Firms Doing?","authors":"S. G. Allen","doi":"10.3386/w26597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w26597","url":null,"abstract":"The employment rate for workers 55 and over has been increasing across the world for the last decade. This creates opportunities for employers to diversify their workforce and retain valuable knowledge and skills, while at the same time posing the challenge of rising labor costs and blocked opportunities for younger workers. This study summarizes in layperson’s terms the economic tradeoffs facing organizations as they design the optimal age structure of employees, as well as surveying recent research on how older workers fit into organizations. Empirical studies show that whereas wage and benefit costs increase with age, there is no conclusive evidence that productivity increases as well. Studies using macroeconomic data find no evidence that older workers block opportunities for the young, but two recent papers using a more disaggregated approach show that firms treat older and younger workers as substitutes. A key challenge facing older workers is the decline over the last 20 years in the odds of becoming a new hire. Although the turnover rate for older workers is much lower than for other age groups, employers have concerns about accommodating their work environment and work schedule preferences. Resume studies show age discrimination also plays a factor, especially for women. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research, including interindustry and international comparisons of microeconomic data on employment by age group and studies that take a close look within organizations that have engaged in innovative activities to hire or retain more older workers.","PeriodicalId":149805,"journal":{"name":"Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129331342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Social Assistance Receipt among Young Adults Grown Up in Different Neighbourhoods of Metropolitan Sweden 在瑞典大都市不同社区长大的年轻人接受社会援助的情况

Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/pop4.264

B. Gustafsson, K. Katz, Torun Osterberg

{"title":"Social Assistance Receipt among Young Adults Grown Up in Different Neighbourhoods of Metropolitan Sweden","authors":"B. Gustafsson, K. Katz, Torun Osterberg","doi":"10.1002/pop4.264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pop4.264","url":null,"abstract":"Using large samples of persons born in 1985 we investigate the relationship between characteristics of the neighbourhood where young people lived as adolescents and the probability that they will receive social assistance when aged 19, 20, and 21, for the three Swedish metropolitan regions - Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmo. We estimated logistic regressions separately for the majority population and \"visible immigrants\" and included several characteristics of the neighbourhood and of the parental home in the specification. The probability of social assistance receipt as a young adult is strongly positively linked to social assistance receipt in the parental home and to several other factors. The major result is that the association with social assistance receipt in the neighbourhood where a person lived at age 16 remains strong when parental receipt and a number of other neighbourhood characteristics are controlled for. We conclude that measures to increase the education qualifications and various efforts to create jobs for young adults have a potential of decrease social assistance receipt among young adults. In addition there is also room for spatially focused measures aiming to reduce residential segregation and the demand for social assistance in locations with a comparably high rate of social assistance receipt.","PeriodicalId":149805,"journal":{"name":"Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130602858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Who Does Not Have a Bank Account in Hungary Today? 今天在匈牙利谁没有银行账户?

Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3509811

Dániel Horn, H. J. Kiss

引用次数: 3

The Relationship between Social Identities, Acculturation Strategies and the Psychological Well-Being of Young Russians in Latvia and Crimean Tatars in Crimea 拉脱维亚俄罗斯青年和克里米亚鞑靼青年的社会认同、文化适应策略与心理健康的关系

Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal Pub Date : 2019-11-28 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3495090

E. Kodja, T. Ryabichenko

引用次数: 4

The Earned Income Tax Credit and Infant Health Revisited 重新审视劳动所得税抵免和婴儿健康

Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.3386/w26476

Daniel Dench, T. Joyce

引用次数: 7

Subjective Parental Beliefs. Their Measurement and Role 父母的主观信念。它们的度量和作用

Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.3386/w26516

O. Attanasio, Flávio Cunha, Pamela Jervis

{"title":"Subjective Parental Beliefs. Their Measurement and Role","authors":"O. Attanasio, Flávio Cunha, Pamela Jervis","doi":"10.3386/w26516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w26516","url":null,"abstract":"We study the importance of maternal subjective beliefs about the technology of skill formation in determining parental investments on child development. We describe our framework in three steps. First, we discuss the construction of the survey instrument we used to elicit maternal subjective beliefs. Second, we show how to convert the answers to the survey instrument into estimates of maternal subjective beliefs. Finally, we correlate maternal subjective beliefs with maternal investments of child development. We apply our framework to a unique dataset collected as part of an 18-month-long parenting stimulation program in Colombia, whose target population were low-income households with children aged 12 to 24 months at baseline and lasted 18 months. In this program, home visitors paid weekly visits to randomly chosen households to improve mother-child interactions and other maternal behaviors that foster the development of children's cognitive and non-cognitive skills. We show that the vast majority of mothers believe that the technology of skill formation follows a Cobb-Douglas parameterization, but there is significant heterogeneity in coefficients of investments across mothers. In particular, mothers hold low subjective expectations, which means that mothers underestimate the returns to their investments. We also find that maternal subjective beliefs predict investments, but that the program did not affect maternal subjective beliefs.","PeriodicalId":149805,"journal":{"name":"Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116038457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 28

Defined Benefit Pensions and Homeownership in the Post-Great Recession Era 后大衰退时代的固定收益养老金和房屋所有权

Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal Pub Date : 2019-10-25 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.3420215

T. Murray

{"title":"Defined Benefit Pensions and Homeownership in the Post-Great Recession Era","authors":"T. Murray","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3420215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3420215","url":null,"abstract":"While housing equity accounts for a large portion of many retiree’s savings portfolios, they are not using their equity to increase consumption in retirement as suggested by the Life-Cycle Hypothesis. Defined benefit plans provide a guaranteed source of income in retirement where the household bears no risk, whereas households with a defined contribution plan are subject to potential risk depending on their asset allocation. This paper examines whether having a defined benefit plan mitigated some of the effects of the Great Recession. Using a difference-in-difference analysis, I examine the impact of the Great Recession on homeownership between households with a defined benefit plan compared to those with a defined contribution plan. I find that households with a defined contribution plan were 2.1-2.9 percent less likely to own a home after the Great Recession compared to households with a defined contribution plan. It is possible that households with defined contribution plans were willing to forgo homeownership to offset some of the losses experienced from the Great Recession. Future retirees face a potentially riskier housing market and are less likely to have a defined benefit plan. As a result, future retirees may be more willing to use their housing equity to increase consumption in retirement than was observed in past generations.","PeriodicalId":149805,"journal":{"name":"Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128831608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Local Modeling of U.S. Mortality Rates: A Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression Approach 美国死亡率的局部建模:多尺度地理加权回归方法

Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal Pub Date : 2019-10-21 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3472830

Kyran Cupido, A. Fotheringham, Petar Jevtic

{"title":"Local Modeling of U.S. Mortality Rates: A Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression Approach","authors":"Kyran Cupido, A. Fotheringham, Petar Jevtic","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3472830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3472830","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of work in mortality modeling involves factor-based approaches, with little use of information on the determinants and interpretable risk factors of mortality. At the same time, in the demographic community, there has been a lack of research attention towards the study of mortality from a spatial perspective. This work is a step towards addressing this, by providing an investigation of the presence of spatial variability in the determinants of mortality rates. Speci�?cally, by using the age-adjusted mortality rates of the counties of the contiguous United States, this research applies a multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) approach to examine the spatial variations in the relationships between mortality rates and a diverse group of associated determinants. The results of this study demonstrate that the MGWR approach produces an interpretable and accurate account of the global, regional and local eﬀects acting on the mortality rates of the United States. Thus, this work lays the groundwork for the consideration of spatial varying eﬀects on mortality rates which operate at diﬀerent spatial scales.","PeriodicalId":149805,"journal":{"name":"Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130920816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

How Can Preferences for Same-Trait Marriage Increase Investment in Education? 同性婚姻偏好如何增加教育投资?

Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal Pub Date : 2019-10-20 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3472702

Lorena Hakak

引用次数: 0

Quality of Work Life and Generation Y: How Gender and Organizational Type Moderate Job Satisfaction 工作生活质量与Y世代:性别和组织类型如何调节工作满意度

Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal Pub Date : 2019-10-16 DOI: 10.1108/pr-11-2018-0448

Birgit Muskat, Bernd Frederik Reitsamer

{"title":"Quality of Work Life and Generation Y: How Gender and Organizational Type Moderate Job Satisfaction","authors":"Birgit Muskat, Bernd Frederik Reitsamer","doi":"10.1108/pr-11-2018-0448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/pr-11-2018-0448","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to examine how quality of work life (QWL) influences job satisfaction and to test if gender and organizational type moderate this relationship for Generation Y (Gen-Y).\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Questionnaire data were collected from 328 Gen-Y employees in European hospitality businesses. Drawing on generational theory, social role theory and person–environment (P–E) fit theory, the authors discuss how gender and organizational types (i.e. independent vs corporate structures) moderate Gen-Y’s QWL–job satisfaction relationship.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The findings of the paper are as follows: first, gender and organizational type influence the QWL–job satisfaction relationship for Gen-Y. Second, job security does not change job satisfaction levels for female employees while high levels of job security negatively influence job satisfaction for male employees. Third, receiving appreciation at work increases job satisfaction for both women and men but, when receiving little appreciation at work, women remain more satisfied. Fourth, having opportunities to contribute to decisions positively affects Gen-Y’s job satisfaction. Fifth, having the right to say is more important in independent organizations, while the opportunity to realize an employee’s own potential leads to higher job satisfaction in corporate organizations.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The study contributes to the limited empirical scholarly research, adding to a deeper understanding of influencing factors of Gen-Y’s QWL–job satisfaction relationship.\u0000","PeriodicalId":149805,"journal":{"name":"Labor: Demographics & Economics of the Family eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131376671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22