Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Dioxin/Furan and Elements in Poultry from Zarqa Governorate, Jordan.","authors":"Mohanad Masad,&nbsp;Samer Alawaideh,&nbsp;Basheer Nusairat,&nbsp;Ali Alnawaiseh,&nbsp;Ahmad Al Shra'ah","doi":"10.1155/2023/8458678","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/8458678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study is the first to determine the concentration for 17 congeners of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and element contamination in poultry that is close to petroleum refinery at Al-Hashemiya Municipality, Zarqa Governorate, Jordan. Ten different samples (chicken) were collected to cover ten different locations of poultry farms in Al-Hashemiya Municipality. These locations are considered polluted areas as a result of exhaust gases produced from the refinery. The 17 PCDD/Fs congeners and elements of Pb, Cd, As, Zn, Cu, Se, Hg, Cr, and Ni were determined for three parts of each sample (liver, muscle, and gizzard). All samples were analyzed for PCDD/Fs after a Soxhlet extraction procedure and cleanup by column chromatography; then, all compounds were identified and determined using GC-MS techniques. The elements were analyzed after digestion and measured using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) and validated with the Lab Mix24 RM NCS ZC73016 reference material. The highest total sum concentration of PCDD/Fs was found in liver samples to be 214.07 ng/kg (dry weight), while the highest sum of toxicity equivalent to PCDD/Fs of 22.54 ng TEQ/kg was found in gizzard samples. For element concentrations, the highest total sum of 16.89 mg/kg (dry weight) was found in liver samples. The concentration level of the elements of Se, Hg, Cr, and Ni for all parts of the chicken was within an acceptable range according to Jordanian standards and therefore the measured level of heavy and trace elements in the poultry samples (chicken) does not pose a danger to public health. The chickens found in poultry farms near the refinery are more likely to contain a higher concentration of PCDD/Fs congeners due to exhaust gas exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":14974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry","volume":"2023 ","pages":"8458678"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10589071/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49690633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Enantioseparation of Three Chiral Antifungal Pesticides by Hydroxypropyl-<i>γ</i>-CD-Modified Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography.","authors":"Xiaoyu Yang","doi":"10.1155/2023/9993526","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/9993526","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Simultaneous enantioseparation of three commonly used chiral antifungal pesticides (diniconazole, hexaconazole, and imazalil) was first studied based on micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with hydroxypropyl-<i>γ</i>-CD (HP-<i>γ</i>-CD) as chiral selector. In this study, the importance of experimental parameters such as chiral selector type and concentration, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) concentration, the ratio of methanol, and separation voltage in optimizing were investigated. The simultaneous enantioseparation of diniconazole, hexaconazole, and imazalil was successfully achieved in 30 mM borate buffer (pH 9.0) containing 10 mM HP-<i>γ</i>-CD and 20 mM SDS with methanol (8%) added as organic modifiers. The resolution of diniconazole, hexaconazole, and imazalil was 15.2, 2.12, and 2.78, respectively, and the peak efficiency (N) was over 566,825 plates/m. This study provides an alternative way to systematically separate chiral antifungal pesticides with high efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":14974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9993526"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10578974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41235545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Relook into the Flavonoid Chemical Space of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Lam. Leaves through a Combination of LC-MS and Molecular Networking.","authors":"Dakalo Lorraine Ndou,&nbsp;Ashwell Rungano Ndhlala,&nbsp;Nikita Tawanda Tavengwa,&nbsp;Ntakadzeni Edwin Madala","doi":"10.1155/2023/1327886","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/1327886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Moringa oleifera</i> Lam. is a functional tree that is known to produce a variety of metabolites with purported pharmacological activities. It is frequently called the \"miracle tree\" due to its utilization in numerous nutraceutical and pharmacological contexts. This study was aimed at studying the chemical space of <i>M. oleifera</i> leaf extracts through molecular networking (MN), a tool that identifies metabolites by classifying them based on their MS-based fragmentation pattern similarities and signals. In this case, a special emphasis was placed on the flavonoid composition. The MN unraveled different molecular families such as flavonoids, carboxylic acids and derivatives, lignin glycosides, fatty acyls, and macrolactams that are found within the plant. In silico annotation tools such as network annotation propagation (NAP) and DEREPLICATOR, an unsupervised substructure identification tool (MS2LDA), and MolNet enhancer were also explored to further compliment the classic molecular networking output within the Global Natural Product Social (GNPS) site. In this study, common flavonoids found within <i>Moringa oleifera</i> were further annotated using MS2LDA. Utilizing computational tools allowed for the discovery of a wide range of structurally diverse flavonoid molecules within <i>M. oleifera</i> leaf extracts. The expansion of the flavonoid chemical repertoire in this plant arises from intricate glycosylation modifications, leading to the creation of structural isomers that manifest as isobaric ions during mass spectrometry (MS) analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":14974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry","volume":"2023 ","pages":"1327886"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10545469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41128589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Modified Magnetic Graphene Oxide with Mesoporous Silica for Extraction of the Pharmaceutical Compound Quercetin.","authors":"Delnia Heidari,&nbsp;Soleiman Bahar","doi":"10.1155/2023/8581986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8581986","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, magnetic mesoporous silica-Fe₃O₄-graphene oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄@GO@mSiO₂) were synthesized and used as sorbents for magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of trace amounts of quercetin in natural samples (spinach, green pepper, dill, and red onion). The sorbent produced was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effects of various experimental factors on the percent recovery of quercetin, including extraction time, desorption time, sample solution pH, and adsorbent amount were investigated. The Fe₃O₄@GO@mSiO₂ strategy showed excellent stability and sensitivity for the determination of quercetin, with a suitable linear range of 20-800 <i>µ</i>g L^-1 and a detection limit of 5.2 <i>µ</i>g L^-1. The data indicate that Fe₃O₄@GO@mSiO₂ has a specific surface area and suitable adsorption capacity for the determination of quercetin.</p>","PeriodicalId":14974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry","volume":"2023 ","pages":"8581986"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10522443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41144291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicomponent Analysis of Liuwei Dihuang Pills by a Single Marker Quantification Method and Chemometric Discrimination of Fingerprints.","authors":"Lin Yang,&nbsp;Yan Li,&nbsp;Yuanfang Hou,&nbsp;Yongfu Wu,&nbsp;Lihong Tan,&nbsp;Zhenqiang Mu,&nbsp;Zhaojing Zhu,&nbsp;Dan He","doi":"10.1155/2023/6648668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6648668","url":null,"abstract":"An effective and comprehensive quality evaluation method for Liuwei Dihuang pills (LDP) was established by the simultaneous determination of 8 active components in LDP by the quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single marker (QAMS) method and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint combined with chemometrics. These 8 active components were determined by QAMS and the external standard method (ESM), and the quantitative results of the two methods were compared to validate the accuracy and feasibility of the QAMS method. 8 active components showed good linear relationships within their ranges, whose average recoveries were 99.7∼102.3%. No significant difference was found (P > 0.05) in the quantitative results determined by QAMS and ESM. Furthermore, the fingerprint of LDP was also established, with 11 common peaks identified, and the similarity of the fingerprints of 21 batches of LDP was greater than 0.95. The 21 batches of LDP were basically divided into 3 groups by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), and 3 differential markers were screened out by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The established QAMS method is accurate, economical, fast, and convenient and can simultaneously determine the content of 8 active components in LDP. HPLC fingerprint combined with chemometric analysis more comprehensively evaluated the quality consistency of different batches of LDP and analyzed the markers that cause quality differences between batches. It can provide a scientific basis and reference of quality consistency evaluation for the manufacturers and drug regulatory departments of the preparation.","PeriodicalId":14974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6648668"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10516694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41144816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Separation and Determination of Nine Active Ingredients in Sanyetangzhiqing by Cyclodextrin-Modified Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Electrophoresis-Diode Array Detector.","authors":"Shanshan Wang, Rui Zhou, Kunze Du, Ye Shang, Jun He, Jin Li, Yaqi Yao, Yan-Xu Chang","doi":"10.1155/2023/4840457","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/4840457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A simple and sensitive strategy using cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography with diode array detector was developed and applied for the simultaneous separation and determination of nine components in Sanyetangzhiqing (SYTZQ), a hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic agent. Several important parameters affecting separation performance were evaluated and optimized using single variable methods. Under the optimal conditions, baseline separation of the nine components, including four flavonoids (hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercetin-3-<i>O</i>-glucuronoside, and astragalin), four phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, and lithospermic acid), and a monoterpenoids (paeoniflorin), were achieved in less than 16 min. The correlation coefficients of the calibration curves were over 0.9996 for all the analytes. Intraday and interday precisions ranged from 0.4% to 4.8% and 1.7% to 5.0%, respectively. Recoveries of analytes varied from 95.3% to 105%. Validation results as well as the application to analyse SYTZQ samples demonstrated the applicability of the proposed method and thus provided an effective tool for the quality control of SYTZQ. Moreover, with the advantages of short time consuming, low energy consumption, high efficiency, and low cost, this method has laid a foundation for the determination and quality evaluation of multicomponents in Chinese herbal compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":14974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry","volume":"2023 ","pages":"4840457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10356514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9904864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Fingerprint Spectrum and the Spectrum-Effect Relationship of Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Aqueous Extract from <i>Dalbergia hancai</i> Benth.","authors":"Qin Qiu, Xiaofang Liu, Chunying Huang, Yanling Guo, Dandan Zhen, Junhao Shi, Baojun Gu, Hanshen Zhen, Miao Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2023/1242756","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/1242756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Dalbergia hancai</i> Benth. (<i>D. hancai</i>) is one of the most frequently utilized traditional Chinese medicine in Zhuang medicine. Simultaneously, it has been included in the \"Quality Standard of Zhuang medicine in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Vol. 2)\" and possessed outstanding pharmacological effects. However, the pharmacodynamic material basis of <i>D. hancai</i> still remains unclear. In this study, the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method had been employed to establish the fingerprint of 10 batches of aqueous extract of <i>D. hancai</i> originated from different parts of China. At the same time, similarity evaluation, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) had also been conducted to evaluate the common peaks. The acetic acid-induced writhing in mice had been employed as an analgesic model, and the carrageenan-induced toe swelling in mice was utilized as an anti-inflammatory model for pharmacodynamic experiments. The gray relational analysis (GRA) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) were applied to correlate the fingerprint and pharmacodynamic data to thoroughly examine its spectrum-effect relationship, whereby its analgesic and anti-inflammatory material basis had been comprehensively explored. The results revealed that the HPLC fingerprint of the aqueous extract of <i>D. hancai</i> had successfully identified 12 common peaks whereby two of which were further identified as protocatechuic acid and vitexin. Subsequently, through the analysis of GRA and PLSR, the chromatographic peaks that possess a critical correlation degree with the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of <i>D. hancai</i> had also been successfully discovered. Ultimately, the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the 10 batches of <i>D. hancai</i> aqueous extract had been conclusively proved, and it was evidently indicated that these effects were attributable to the synergistic interactions between various components. Therefore, this study aims to serve as an effective analytical method for screening and predicting the effective substances of traditional Chinese medicine on the basis of the spectrum-effect relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":14974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry","volume":"2023 ","pages":"1242756"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10313466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9747053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly Sensitive Immunosensing of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Based on Gold Nanoparticles Dotted PB@PANI Core-Shell Nanocubes as a Signal Probe.","authors":"Dexiang Feng, Lingzhi Chen, Ke Zhang, Shuangshuang Zhu, Meichen Ying, Peng Jiang, Menglan Fu, Yan Wei, Lihua Li","doi":"10.1155/2023/7009624","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/7009624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herein, a method was developed for the sensitive monitoring of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by gold nanoparticles dotted prussian blue@polyaniline core-shell nanocubes (Au NPs/PB@PANI). First, a facile low-temperature method was used to prepare the uniform PB@PANI core-shell nanocubes with the assistance of PVP, where PB acted as the electron transfer mediator to provide electrochemical signals, and the PANI with excellent conductivity and desirable chemical stability not only played the role of a protective layer to prevent etching of PB in basic media but also effectively improved electron transfer. Importantly, to further enhance the electrical conductivity and biocompatibility of PB@PANI and to further enhance the electrochemical signal and capture a large amount of Ab₂, Au NPs were doped on the surface of PB@PANI to form Au NPs/PB@PANI nanocomposites. Subsequently, benefiting from the advantages of core-shell structure nanoprobes and gold-platinum bimetallic nanoflower (AuPt NF), a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor for CEA detection was constructed, which provided a wide linear detection range from 1.0 pg·mL^-1 to 100.0 ng·mL^-1 and a low detection limit of 0.35 pg·mL^-1 via DPV (at 3<i>σ</i>). Moreover, it displayed a satisfactory result when the core-shell structure nanoprobe-based immunosensor was applied to determine CEA in real human serum samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":14974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry","volume":"2023 ","pages":"7009624"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10104734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9309025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Analysis of Silicon Tetrachloride, Carbon Disulfide, and Dichloroethane Concentration by Raman Spectroscopy","authors":"X. Xiang, Yufeng Shao, Yanfang Wei, Wen-tang Xia, Xiaoli Yuan","doi":"10.1155/2023/1894505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1894505","url":null,"abstract":"Quantitative analysis of silicon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, and dichloroethane concentrations to obtain vapor-liquid equilibrium data of the SiCl4-CS2 and SiCl4-C2H4Cl2 binary systems was established by Raman spectroscopy. The cheap glass sampling pipe was used as a carrier for Raman spectroscopy measurements. The Raman peak height of the internal standard was used to remove interference factors such as sampling pipe diameter, temperature, laser power, and other effects from the instrument. The peak height ratio between the Raman characteristic peak of the analyte and that of the internal standard was proportional to the analyte concentration. During the measuring process of vapor-liquid equilibrium data for the SiCl4-C2H4Cl2 binary system, the linear equation of y = 0.0068 + 0.75x with R2 of 0.9939 was used for the determination of SiCl4 concentration at the 422 cm−1 band. The linear equation of y = 0.0019 + 0.2266x with R2 of 0.9966 was used for the determination of C2H4Cl2 concentration at the 754 cm−1 band. For the SiCl4-CS2 binary system, the linear equation of y = 0.0494 + 4.7535x with R2 of 0.9962 was used for the determination of SiCl4 concentration at the 422 cm−1 band. The linear equation of y = 0.8139 + 8.7366x with R2 of 0.9973 was used for the determination of CS2 concentration at the 654 cm−1 band. The concentration of standard samples calculated by these standard curves was compared with the actual value to verify the accuracy of this method. The reproducibility is good when determining silicon tetrachloride and dichloroethane concentrations for the SiCl4-C2H4Cl2 binary system, with RSEP values of 2.81% and 2.17%, respectively. Meanwhile, the RSEP values are 3.55% and 4.16%, respectively, when determining silicon tetrachloride and carbon disulfide concentrations for the SiCl4-CS2 binary system.","PeriodicalId":14974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81211047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of NAD+-Dependent Electrochemical Dehydrogenase Biosensors in Human Physiological Fluids: Opportunities and Challenges","authors":"Xinrui Jin, M. Zhong, Zixin Zhu, Jingling Xie, J. Feng, Yusen Liu, Jinglan Guo, Baolin Li, Jinbo Liu","doi":"10.1155/2023/3401001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3401001","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical enzymatic biosensors represent a promising, low-cost technology for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics that allows fast response and simple sample processing procedures. In this review, we summarize up-to-date literature on NAD+/NADH (β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)-dependent electrochemical dehydrogenase biosensors and highlight their applications in human physiological fluids. A brief comparison of various enzyme immobilization procedures is first presented, discussing preparation processes and principal analytical performance characteristics. In the following section, we briefly discuss classes of biosensors based on redox mediators-mediated electron transfer systems (METs). Finally, the conclusion section summarizes the ongoing challenges in the fabrication of NAD+-dependent electrochemical dehydrogenase biosensors and gives an outlook on future research studies.","PeriodicalId":14974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84437233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}