Journal of Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Variability and clinical anatomy of the superior gluteal nerve—A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Jonasz Tempski,&nbsp;Aneta Kotlarek,&nbsp;Jakub Pękala,&nbsp;Grzegorz Fibiger,&nbsp;Eirik Krager,&nbsp;Dominik Łazarz,&nbsp;Mateusz Rosa,&nbsp;Kinga Glądys,&nbsp;Jerzy A. Walocha,&nbsp;Przemysław Pękala","doi":"10.1111/joa.14174","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.14174","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The superior gluteal nerve (SGN) is a mixed nerve of the sacral plexus that arises from the posterior divisions of the L4, L5, and S1 nerve roots. Its motor branch plays a crucial role in innervation of hip muscles, which allows for physiological gait or walk-pattern. As for its sensory branch, it provides innervation for the hip joint capsule, especially its superior part. The understanding of this nerve is crucial as it may be injured during many operations involving mostly pelvic surgery, both arthroscopic and open procedures. The risk of injury is especially high during total hip arthroplasty (THA). These lesions often result in the presentation of major walk-pattern abnormalities. The most classical and commonly known would be the Trendelenburg sign, which presents with pelvic instability characterized by having the patient standing on one leg whereby the pelvis on the contralateral side will be dropping, resulting in a positive sign. The aim of this meta-analysis was to obtain all relevant data on SGN and its variations, in order to emphasize its anatomical, physiological, as well as clinical implications. A large-scale search was conducted in all major databases (PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) in order to determine and pool all available and relevant SGN data. No restrictions were applied to date or language. The data collection was categorized by prevalence, branching, patterns, course, origin, and distance from anatomical landmarks. A total of 41 studies (<i>n</i> = 869 hemipelves) were included in our analysis. The most common branching pattern of SGN was a spray pattern, 70.4% (95% CI: 54.4–96.8; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) of the general population. We found that the closest branch to the greater trochanter of the femur and concurrently the most at risk during surgery was a muscular branch to gluteus minimus muscle. As the trend of pelvic surgeries, especially THA continues to rise, SGN lesions are now more than ever at risk. Yet to the authors' knowledge, this does not seem to be reflected in the current literature thereby making this the first meta-analysis concerning this important anatomical structure. The authors believe it is paramount for surgeons, especially in the orthopedic specialty, to thoroughly understand the SGN with its anatomical variability and clinical tie-ins.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"246 4","pages":"467-478"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joa.14174","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic silencing of subsets of cortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons has a long-term influence on the laminar distribution of parvalbumin interneurons and the perineuronal nets","authors":"Florina P. Szabó,&nbsp;Veronika Sigutova,&nbsp;Anna M. Schneider,&nbsp;Anna Hoerder-Suabedissen,&nbsp;Zoltán Molnár","doi":"10.1111/joa.14181","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.14181","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Neural networks are established throughout cortical development, which require the right ratios of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. Developmental disturbances in pyramidal neuron number and function can impede the development of GABAergic neurons, which can have long-lasting consequences on inhibitory networks. However, the role of deep-layer pyramidal neurons in instructing the development and distribution of GABAergic neurons is still unclear. To unravel the role of deep-layer pyramidal neuron activity in orchestrating the spatial and laminar distribution of parvalbumin neurons, we selectively manipulated subsets of layer 5 projection neurons. By deleting <i>Snap25</i> selectively from Rbp4-Cre + pyramidal neurons, we abolished regulated vesicle release from subsets of cortical layer 5 projection neurons. Our findings revealed that chronically silencing subsets of layer 5 projection neurons did not change the number and distribution of parvalbumin neurons in the developing brain. However, it did have a long-term impact on the laminar distribution of parvalbumin neurons and their perineuronal nets in the adult primary motor and somatosensory cortices. The laminar positioning of parvalbumin neurons was altered in layer 4 of the primary somatosensory cortex in the adult <i>Snap25</i> cKO mice. We discovered that the absence of layer 5 activity only had a transient effect on the soma morphology of striatal PV neurons during the third week of postnatal development. We also showed that the relationship between parvalbumin neurons and the perineuronal nets varied across different cortical layers and regions; therefore, their relationship is far more complex than previously described. The current study will help us better understand the bidirectional interaction between deep-layer pyramidal cells and GABAergic neurons, as well as the long-term impact of interrupting pyramidal neuron activity on inhibitory network formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"246 4","pages":"479-504"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joa.14181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteohistological signal from the smallest known phytosaur femur reveals slow growth and new insights into the evolution of growth in Archosauria.","authors":"Erika R Goldsmith, Daniel E Barta, Ben T Kligman, Sterling J Nesbitt, Adam D Marsh, William G Parker, Michelle R Stocker","doi":"10.1111/joa.14185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fossils of embryonic and hatchling individuals can provide invaluable insight into the evolution of prenatal morphologies, heterochronies, and allometric trajectories within Archosauria but are exceptionally rare in the Triassic fossil record, obscuring a critical aspect of archosaurian biology during their evolutionary origins. Microvertebrate sampling at a single bonebed in the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation within Petrified Forest National Park has yielded diminutive archosauriform femora (PEFO 45274, PEFO 45199) with estimated and measured femoral lengths of ~31 mm and ~ 37 mm, respectively. These new specimens provide the unique opportunity to assess the preservation, body size, and growth dynamics of skeletally immature archosauriforms in North America and compare the growth dynamics of archosauromorphs within an evolutionary and ontogenetic context. We assign PEFO 45199 and PEFO 45274 to Phytosauria (Archosauriformes) based on their strongly sigmoidal shape in lateral view, the presence of proximal anterolateral and posteromedial tubera, the absence of an anteromedial tuber of the proximal end, a teardrop-shaped proximal outline, and a fourth trochanter that is not confluent with the proximal head. Osteohistological analyses of PEFO 45274 reveal a cortex comprising low vascularity, parallel-fibered bone composed of primary osteons that lacks a hatching line and any lines of arrested growth. We interpret PEFO 45274 as a slow-growing, post-hatching individual of less than 1 year of age. Surprisingly, osteohistology of some larger phytosaur femora implies faster growth rates in comparison to PEFO 45274 based on the occasional presence of woven bone and overall higher degrees of vascular density, suggesting the ontogenetic shift from rapid-to-slow growth rates might not occur simply or uniformly as expected in Phytosauria and that non-archosaurian archosauriforms may exhibit size-dependent histological characteristics. This study highlights the importance of including osteohistology from multiple body sizes to investigate non-archosaurian archosauriform ancestral growth rates given the phylogenetic position of phytosaurs near the divergence of Archosauria.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in whale (Cetacea) inner ear anatomy reveals the early evolution of “specialized” high-frequency hearing sensitivity","authors":"Rachel A. Racicot,&nbsp;Mickaël J. Mourlam,&nbsp;Eric G. Ekdale,&nbsp;Abigail Glass,&nbsp;Lori Marino,&nbsp;Mark D. Uhen","doi":"10.1111/joa.14176","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.14176","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As fully aquatic mammals, hearing is arguably the most important sensory component of cetaceans. Increasingly, researchers have been harnessing computed tomography (CT) to investigate the details of the inner ear as they can provide clues to the hearing abilities of whales. We use microCT scans of a broad sampling of the ear bones (periotics) of primarily toothed whales (Odontoceti) to investigate the inner ear bony labyrinth shape and reconstruct hearing sensitivities among these cetaceans, including several taxa about which little is currently known. We find support for sensitivity to the lower frequency spectrum in the archaeocete <i>Zygorhiza kochii</i> and an early toothed mysticete cf. <i>Aetiocetus</i>. Oligocene odontocetes (including one from our novel dataset), stem delphinidans, and two additional species of the long-snouted eurhinodelphinids are found to have been able to hear within the narrow-band high-frequency spectrum (NBHF), which is thought to be a specialized form of hearing that evolved convergently multiple different times in extant groups to avoid predation by macroraptorial predators. Our results thus indicate that NBHF evolved as early as the Oligocene and certainly in stem delphinidans by the early Miocene, and thus may be an ancestral characteristic rather than a more recent innovation in select groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"246 3","pages":"363-375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joa.14176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower density of calretinin-immunopositive neurons in the putamen of subjects with schizophrenia","authors":"Paz Kelmer,&nbsp;Paulina Hoppa,&nbsp;Erzsébet Frank,&nbsp;Teadora Tyler,&nbsp;Istvan Adorjan","doi":"10.1111/joa.14180","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.14180","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Schizophrenia (SCH) is a chronic and serious mental illness which puts an enormous burden on the individual, families, and society. It is well established that altered dopamine signaling and excitatory-inhibitory imbalance contributes to the symptoms of schizophrenia. Recent neuroimaging and histological studies suggest that the striatum is a key area involved in SCH, however, our knowledge of how specific cell neuronal subtypes of certain subcortical structures may be impaired is incomplete. To this date, no detailed investigation of the putamen has ever been published regarding neuroanatomical changes in SCH. Here we tested whether the density of calretinin immunopositive (CR+) neurons and DARPP32+ neurons is altered in the putamen of patients with SCH. We used immunohistochemistry to reveal CR+ and DARPP32+ neurons in six samples from patients with SCH and six age- and gender-matched control subjects. In line with previous studies, we detected small, medium, and large CR+ neurons. The density of small CR+ neurons was significantly lower in SCH (<i>p</i> = 0.0076). Medium and large CR+ and DARPP32+ neuronal density was not significantly different between groups. The present study substantiates previous results showing significantly lower density of small CR+ interneurons in the caudate nucleus in samples from patients with schizophrenia, highlighting the involvement of the striatum in the disorder. Our results warrant further studies focusing on the role of CR+ interneurons in the regulation of information processing in the fronto-striatal networks, evidently key structures in schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"246 4","pages":"505-516"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joa.14180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are spinal cord and medulla samples from embalmed donors suitable for histological examination? A pilot study.","authors":"Marcello Trucas, Adrian Dervan, Fabio Quondamatteo","doi":"10.1111/joa.14188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A general belief exists that tissue from anatomical donors, especially from the central nervous system (CNS), may not be suitable for histological investigation. This is based on the idea that fixation routinely used in embalming whilst optimal for enabling dissection, insufficiently preserves tissue architecture at the cellular level. However, anatomical donors represent a precious resource for microscopical investigation, provided that preservation is sufficient to enable recognition of structures at the histological level. This could considerably extend the biomedical knowledge currently gained from donations. In this study, we addressed this question and examined histologically, samples of medulla and spinal cord from donors from the Anatomical Gift Programme of RCSI in Dublin. Samples of medulla and spinal cord in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions were obtained with appropriate permissions from four different donors that had been previously embalmed for routine anatomical examination. The tissue obtained was processed for paraffin embedding and routine histology. Analysis revealed that several features were identifiable with good histological detail. A scoring system was applied to evaluate the level of histological preservation in the various samples by assessing the following parameters: tissue integrity, presence of leptomeninges along the entire section surface, distinction/adherence grey/white matter, identification of neurons, other cell nuclei, neuropil pattern, capillaries and other intraneural vessels. Lumbar spinal cord and to a lesser extent medulla and cervical spinal cord showed on average good quality of preservation. Conversely, thoracic spinal cord tended, in general, to be less well preserved. We can conclude that spinal cord and medulla samples from embalmed donors can be suitable for histological examination. These findings open new avenues of study of spinal cord and brain stem anatomy on cadaveric tissue from donors already existing in anatomy donation programmes. These results also pave the way for the potential development of new human models of study useful to spinal cord and brain stem researchers. Finally, this expands considerably the impact of the generosity of anatomical donors for the advancement of biomedical knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CELS-3D-Cutting edge light source for exciting fluorescence in microtome-based 3D microscopy and targeted correlative microscopy.","authors":"Vladyslav Denyshchenko, Christopher Evans, Tiina O'Neill, Jakub Krstev, Emilia Filipczak, Silas O'Toole, Vladimir Lobaskin, Dimitri Scholz","doi":"10.1111/joa.14164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We discovered that the light entering a triangular ultramicrotome glass knife from the bottom exits the knife through its cutting edge, forming an oblique light sheet illumination suitable for imaging. We adopted this light sheet for side illumination of the sample blocks during sectioning on the ultramicrotome, for 3D imaging, and for targeting fluorescent features for confocal-, electron- and correlative microscopy. In this paper, we present a working prototype named CELS-3D (Cutting Edge Light Source, Three-Dimensional), a microscope mounted on an ultramicrotome. We characterised CELS-3D and applied it for 3D imaging of human liver spheroids with a diameter of approximately 500 μm. The structure of nuclei and tight junctions has been successfully reconstructed over the full spheroid volume. In contrast, a confocal microscope was unable to image spheroids to a depth of greater than 50 μm. CELS-3D shows fluorescence during serial sectioning in an online mode; therefore, it can apply for targeting fluorescence structures for correlative microscopy. We successfully applied CELS-3D for targeted correlative microscopy of human liver spheroids and C. elegans. The CELS-3D can be utilised for less- and non-transparent samples, which encompasses a range of applications, including operation biopsies, experimental organoids/spheroids, artificial cartilage, and bone, among others. The CELS-3D can be effortlessly mounted on the top of any commercially available ultramicrotome, and its operation is straightforward and intuitive.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QuPath Edu and OpenMicroanatomy: Open-source virtual microscopy tools for medical education.","authors":"Aaron Yli-Hallila, Peter Bankhead, Mark J Arends, Petri Lehenkari, Sanna Palosaari","doi":"10.1111/joa.14172","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.14172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Virtual microscopy is becoming increasingly common in both medical education and routine clinical practice. Virtual microscopy software is typically designed either for (1) training students in anatomy, histology, and histopathology, or (2) quantitative analysis-but not both simultaneously. QuPath is one of the most widely used software applications for histopathology image analysis in research and provides a comprehensive set of computational tools to evaluate histology slides. We have enhanced QuPath by developing a new extension, QuPath Edu, which adapts the software to function as an intuitive microanatomy learning environment. Additionally, we have created an entirely new, complementary software platform called OpenMicroanatomy, which provides an alternative way to access QuPath Edu teaching content through a web interface. These tools have been used in teaching of first year medical and dentistry students at the University of Oulu Medical Faculty, and we conducted a user survey for the Class of 2023 to assess the usability and student experience. In general, the introduced annotation and quiz features were appreciated by the students and the system usability of OpenMicroanatomy was considered excellent (SUS score 84.8). Together, these freely available tools enable teachers to develop and deploy innovative training material for anatomy, histopathology, quantitative analysis, and artificial intelligence in a wide range of contexts. This unique combination can provide the next generation of students with essential multidisciplinary skills.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The overlooked first intercostal ligament: Does it help to stabilize the Weberian apparatus?","authors":"Jake Leyhr,&nbsp;Tatjana Haitina,&nbsp;Nathan C. Bird","doi":"10.1111/joa.14168","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.14168","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Weberian apparatus is a novel hearing adaptation that facilitates increased hearing sensitivity in otophysan fishes. The apparatus is a complex system composed of modifications to anterior vertebral elements, the inner ear, and the swim bladder. A critical piece of the system that often receives minor attention are the various ligaments that bridge these three regions. The most famous of the ligaments is the interossicular ligament, which connects the Weberian ossicle chain (scaphium–intercalarium–tripus). Several other ligaments are present, including the suspensor (tripus to parapophysis 4) and the triple ligament (tripus–os suspensorium–tunica externa). Here, by combining diffusible iodine-based contrast enhancement (DICE) and propagation phase-contrast synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (PPC-SRμCT) with classic histological methods, we shine new light on the first intercostal ligament (ICL1) and discuss its potential function in relation to the Weberian apparatus. ICL1 is nearly absent from the cypriniform literature, typically only mentioned in a general discussion together with other intercostal ligaments. This study examines the development and structure of ICL1 comparatively with the other definitive Weberian ligaments in the zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>). We provide a comprehensive view of three-dimensional shape, development, and composition to generate hypotheses regarding potential functions of ICL1 within the greater Weberian apparatus. Given new detail presented herein regarding the structure of ICL1, modifications to rib 5 and parapophysis 4 for ICL1 attachment, and the alignment of ICL1 with the os suspensorium, we propose a supportive (anchoring) role of ICL1 to aid in minimizing non-optimal movement of the structures of the fourth vertebra. This addition would focus vibrations anteriorly through the ossicle chain with minimal signal loss in zebrafish and other species with similar Weberian apparatus morphologies. We conclude that ICL1 should be included in future analyses of Weberian apparatus function where ligaments are addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"246 2","pages":"288-298"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11737303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical constraints on the positions and dimensions of the zebrafish swim bladder by surrounding bones","authors":"Koumi Satoh,&nbsp;Akiteru Maeno,&nbsp;Urara Adachi,&nbsp;Mizuki Ishizaka,&nbsp;Kazuya Yamada,&nbsp;Rina Koita,&nbsp;Hidemichi Nakazawa,&nbsp;Sae Oikawa,&nbsp;Renka Fujii,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Furudate,&nbsp;Akinori Kawamura","doi":"10.1111/joa.14179","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.14179","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Precise regulation of organ size and position is crucial for optimal organ function. Since the swim bladder is primarily responsible for buoyancy in teleosts, early development and subsequent inflation of the swim bladder should be appropriately controlled with the body growth. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we show that the size and position of the swim bladder are physically constrained by the surrounding bones in zebrafish. Non-invasive micro-CT scanning revealed that the anterior edge of the swim bladder is largely attached to the os suspensorium, which is an ossicle extending medioventrally from the 4th centrum. Additionally, we observed that <i>hoxc6a</i> mutants, which lack the os suspensorium, exhibited an anterior projection of the swim bladder beyond the 4th vertebra. During the swim bladder development, we found that the counterclockwise rotation of the os suspensorium correlates with posterior regression of the swim bladder, suggesting that the os suspensorium pushes the swim bladder posteriorly into its proper position. Furthermore, our results revealed a close association between the posterior region of the swim bladder and the pleural ribs. In <i>hoxaa</i> cluster mutants with additional ribs, the swim bladder expanded posteriorly, accompanied by an enlarged body cavity. Taken together, our results demonstrate the importance of the surrounding bones in the robust regulation of swim bladder size and position in zebrafish.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"246 4","pages":"534-543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}