Journal of Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Correction to \"The olfactory striae: A historical perspective on the inconsistent anatomy of the bulbar projections\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/joa.70210","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.70210","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13398608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148436753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skeletons of swiftly swimming sharks: Three-dimensional analysis of lamniform vertebral morphology and mineral architecture.","authors":"Jamie L Knaub, Madisan Biordi, Emma Pawlik, Michelle Passerotti, Lisa J Natanson, Tricia Meredith, Marianne Porter","doi":"10.1111/joa.70209","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.70209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Order Lamniformes consists of 15 extant shark species that are ecologically diverse and utilize different swimming modes and speeds. Family Lamnidae includes the shortfin mako, porbeagle, and white shark which are fast, athletic sharks that swim using oscillations confined to the caudal body and fin. Other lamniforms, like the common thresher shark (Alopiidae), sand tiger (Carchariidae), and basking shark (Cetorhinidae), swim via oscillations that begin anteriorly, impacting a greater proportion of the axial body. Swimming oscillations subject the body to repeated bending cycles, including the cartilaginous vertebral column, the main longitudinal axis of the body. Vertebrae are mineralized with the amount and arrangement varying among species. We investigated morphological variation in lamniform shark vertebrae to understand adaptations to locomotive demands among species. We examined vertebral morphology and mineral architecture of lamniform centra across three body regions (anterior, middle, and posterior) and among six species (shortfin mako, porbeagle, sand tiger, white, common thresher, and basking shark) through micro-computed tomography scans. We analyzed morphology and structure of 139 vertebrae from 24 sharks using meristics, principal component analyses, and 3D landmark-based geometric morphometrics. Through 3D quantification, we identified regional patterns in centrum size and mineral amount which also varied across shark families. In the lamnids, centra morphometrics are largest in the mid-body and decrease posteriorly simultaneous with increased counts of lamellae. Together, these trends suggest the middle body region is stabilized while allowing for rapid lateral oscillations at the precaudal pit. Cranio-caudally compressed centra with high quantities of lamellae were characteristic for common thresher shark centra, likely to support loading in multiple planes from extreme axial bending during tail-whipping behaviors. In the sand tiger and basking shark, we quantified opposing trends-large anterior centra decreased in size along the column with reduced mineralization for slow swimming. We calculated scaling relationships of mineral volume with shark size and identified a negative allometric relationship, suggesting adult sharks may adapt internal architecture rather than contributing to overall centrum size. This comprehensive analysis of calcified structure in lamniform shark centra provides a greater understanding of skeletal tissues and the adaptation of mineralized cartilage to support swimming and ecological needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13398450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148446748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 3D atlas of the trigeminal nerve and its relevance for comparative studies of the masticatory apparatus in rodents.","authors":"Lionel Hautier, Marcos Angelo Alves, Léa Da Cunha, Benoit Moison, Ludovic Besson, Pierre-Henri Fabre","doi":"10.1111/joa.70212","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.70212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The trigeminal nerve (CN V) is a key cranial nerve responsible for sensory input from the face and motor control of the masticatory muscles, playing a central role in mandibular movement and oral cavity function across tetrapods. Despite its importance and its link with the masticatory musculature, no comprehensive comparative study of the trigeminal nerve across rodent groups has yet been conducted. This is partly due to the difficulty of visualizing nerves using conventional dissection techniques, and partly due to the complex, three-dimensional organization of the nervous system. Here, we combined diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced CT imaging (diceCT) with traditional dissection to characterize the trigeminal nerve and its relationship to masticatory muscles in three representative rodents: the rat, the red squirrel, and the Guinea pig. Our findings demonstrate that the broad architecture of the nervous system is highly constrained but exhibits fine-scale plasticity in nerve branching and muscle innervation. While the gross nerve organization is largely conserved, we identified species-specific differences, particularly in Guinea pigs, linked to skeletal and muscular modifications. The study underscores the value of integrating 3D imaging with dissection to accurately capture nerve morphology and discuss muscle homologies, with implications for comparative anatomy, functional morphology, and paleontological reconstruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13398523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148430474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postcranial osteology of Boverisuchus vorax from the middle Eocene of Wyoming, USA: Implications for terrestrial adaptation in eusuchian crocodyliforms.","authors":"Masaya Iijima, Susumu Tomiya","doi":"10.1111/joa.70206","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.70206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Boverisuchus, a mid-sized eusuchian crocodyliform from the middle Eocene of Europe and North America, has long been regarded as more terrestrial than extant crocodylians and is often portrayed as one of the apex predators in Laurasian terrestrial ecosystems during the middle Eocene. Although Boverisuchus has been studied extensively since the nineteenth century, its skeletal osteology warranted re-examination based on three-dimensionally preserved materials to better understand its anatomy, function, and ecology. Our revised description of the North American Boverisuchus vorax provides new insights into previously poorly known aspects of the postcranium, including the configuration of the manus and pes. Comparative analyses of skeletal proportions incorporating phylogenetically informed allometric corrections indicate that B. vorax possesses elongated fore- and hindlimbs, elongated proximal carpals, and shortened metacarpals and digits-features that enhance the stance phase support and propulsive capacities, increase stride lengths, and reduce the cost of leg swing. The short, hoof-like terminal phalanges are integral to the overall shortening of the manual and pedal phalanges, reducing distal limb mass and improving swing phase energetics at the expense of stability. Additionally, the diagonal accessory keels and ridges on the paravertebral osteoderms likely functioned to resist torsional stresses on the trunk while trotting. Taken together, these skeletal proportions and postcranial specializations suggest increased terrestriality and improved locomotor capabilities in B. vorax.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13398887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148421234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional lumbar alignment, physiological variation, and pelvic incidence in healthy adults: Emphasis on the lumbosacral junction.","authors":"Kazuhiro Hasegawa, Kei Watanabe, Masahiro Suzuki, Shun Hatsushikano, Haruka Shimoda, Masayuki Ohashi","doi":"10.1111/joa.70202","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.70202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The acquisition of habitual bipedal posture required substantial reorganization of the human spine and pelvis, including the development of lumbar lordosis. While global lumbar alignment has been extensively studied, the anatomical relationship between regional lumbar lordosis and pelvic incidence in healthy adults remains incompletely understood. In this cross-sectional study, 154 rigorously screened healthy adults aged 20-76 years underwent standing whole-body EOS imaging, simultaneous force plate balance assessment, and body composition analysis. Sagittal alignment parameters, including segmental lumbar lordosis, pelvic incidence, balance metrics, and body composition variables, were analyzed for distributional characteristics and age- and sex-related associations. Segmental lumbar lordosis parameters, including lower lumbar lordosis (LL4-S1), demonstrated approximately normal and unimodal distributions with preserved central tendencies across adulthood. Pelvic incidence showed a consistent positive association with upper lumbar lordosis (LL1-4), whereas its relationship with lower lumbar lordosis (LL4-S1) was weak or absent in pooled analyses and emerged only in sex-stratified analyses, particularly among males. In contrast to sagittal alignment parameters, balance and body composition variables demonstrated greater variability and clearer age- and sex-related modulation. These findings support the concept that the lumbar spine is regionally differentiated rather than functionally uniform. Lower lumbar alignment demonstrated weaker and, in pooled analyses, often absent associations with pelvic incidence than the upper lumbar spine, suggesting differential biomechanical regulation of the lumbosacral junction. Although broader evolutionary implications remain speculative, the present findings provide an anatomical and biomechanical framework for future investigations of human upright posture and lumbosacral disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13398771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148421220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From sagittal to sprawled: Clavicular co-option and the evolution of forelimb mechanics in talpines.","authors":"Shin-Ichi Fujiwara, Hiroaki Saito","doi":"10.1111/joa.70205","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.70205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The members of Eulipotyphla exhibit substantial ecological and locomotor diversity, yet forelimb skeletal correlates of these adaptations are not consistently shared across lineages. In particular, highly fossorial moles (Talpini and Scalopini) employ a distinctive lateral-thrust digging mechanism unlike that of most other fossorial mammals. We tested whether such differences are associated with variation in forelimb posture and its functional consequences. Using 31 extant specimens representing 22 species, we quantified the orientations of the scapula, clavicle, and humerus, and estimated the compressive strengths of the clavicle and first true rib based on three-dimensional models derived from computed tomography. Eulipotyphlans were divided into two groups based on humeral orientation: a \"sagittal group\" and a \"sprawled group.\" While the first true rib strength scaled consistently with body mass (BM) across taxa, clavicular strength differed markedly between groups, being substantially greater in the \"sprawled group.\" These results suggest that the first true rib plays a conserved role in transmitting vertical ground reaction forces, whereas the clavicle in talpines functions as a strut resisting medially directed forces under a sprawled posture. We further propose that increased clavicular strength preceded this postural transition and was subsequently co-opted (exaptation) to support lateral-thrust digging, functionally replacing the coracoid as a medial strut, as seen in monotremes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13398729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148421201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of alignment strategy on the calculation of cross-sectional properties from high-resolution CT scans of the non-adult clavicle","authors":"Julia Muñoz-Guarinos,&nbsp;Laura Rodríguez,&nbsp;José Miguel Carretero,&nbsp;Rebeca García-González","doi":"10.1111/joa.70097","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.70097","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent advances in the study of cross-sectional geometry have highlighted the value of ontogenetic data for understanding skeletal function, development, and biomechanics. While multiple protocols for extracting bone cross-sections have been validated in limb long bones, the clavicle (despite its unique curvature and developmental trajectory) has received little methodological scrutiny. Critically, two main alignment strategies can be used to extract clavicular midshaft cross-sections from 3D data, yet their comparability remains untested. This lack of standardization compromises the reproducibility and interpretability of clavicular cross-sectional property (CSP) data, particularly in developmental studies. This study evaluates two published alignment protocols for clavicular CSP extraction in non-adults: one that follows the natural curvature of the bone and one based on a standardized transverse plane. We analyzed high-resolution computed tomography scans of 81 individuals (ages 0.5–20 years) from a medieval osteological collection. Midshaft cross-sections were generated using both methods for each clavicle, and CSP variables were calculated. Comparative analysis involved linear regressions, Bland–Altman plots, and percent prediction error (%PE) to assess both systematic bias and the magnitude and direction of error between methods. While total area showed a significant proportional bias and %PE values exceeding the 5% acceptable error threshold, cortical subperiosteal area exhibited a consistent but non-proportional bias, indicating uniform overestimation across specimens. <i>Z</i>_<i>p</i> and <i>J</i> showed the largest directional errors, reflecting greater sensitivity to alignment differences. These discrepancies are not merely numerical but reflect fundamental geometric divergences introduced by the alignment strategy. As a result, CSP values obtained from these two protocols are not directly interchangeable. Together, Bland–Altman and %PE analyses provide a robust framework for evaluating agreement and highlight where pooling data across alignment strategies may be justified and where it is not. Our findings underscore the importance of methodological consistency in clavicular cross-sectional analyses. Given the anatomical complexity of the clavicle and its developmental plasticity, alignment strategy exerts a significant influence on derived CSP values. We recommend that future studies clearly report alignment criteria and avoid direct comparisons between datasets processed with different protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"249 2","pages":"401-416"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145863165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Cover (August 2026)","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/joa.70192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.70192","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cover image: see C. Pluchot et al, ‘Cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture of the sheep auditory cortex’, this issue. Image by Elsa Maury.</p><p>\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"249 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joa.70192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148395103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Newly identified intervertebral fat pad degenerates after intervertebral disc injury in a rat model of degeneration","authors":"Niklas H. Koehne,&nbsp;Irina Heggli,&nbsp;Agnieszka A. Karol,&nbsp;Alon Lai,&nbsp;Svenja Illien-Jünger,&nbsp;Andrew C. Hecht,&nbsp;Nilsson Holguin,&nbsp;James C. Iatridis","doi":"10.1111/joa.70092","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chronic low back pain due to intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) is a major global health burden. Interactions between IVD tissues and surrounding structures are important for spinal health and pathology, yet many studies focus on structures within the IVD and neglect a deeper investigation of adjacent tissues. This study describes a newly identified intervertebral fat pad (IVFP) in rat lumbar spines, its changes following IVD injury, and similar structures in mice and humans. IVFPs were analyzed histologically using naive and injured IVDs from a rat model of IVDD, in which 5-month-old rats underwent a triple-puncture annulus fibrosus (AF) injury of L3-4, L4-5, and L5-6 IVDs. Sagittal and coronal histologic samples were stained with safranin O/fast green and analyzed at 3, 7, 14, and 56 days post-injury. Naive and sham IVDs demonstrated the consistent presence of an IVFP between the anterior AF and anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) in anterior and anterolateral regions of the IVD, without presence at posterior or postero-lateral IVD regions. The IVFP gradually disappeared in injured IVDs, and became largely absent by 56 days post-injury. Post-injury changes to the IVFP also included adipocyte shrinkage, fibrous tissue infiltration, and gradual IVFP disappearance, together suggesting progressive degeneration. IVFP-like structures were identified histologically in mouse and human IVDs, providing evidence of its presence across species. Fat pads studied in other musculoskeletal joints play roles in health and disease, suggesting a need for further study investigating the potential role of the IVFP in IVDD pathomechanisms and therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"249 2","pages":"435-444"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joa.70092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145756794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does ulnar curvature covary with locomotion and substrate use in cercopithecids?","authors":"Nicolas Pappalardo,&nbsp;Laurent Pallas,&nbsp;Julian Karoui-Canedo,&nbsp;Franck Guy,&nbsp;Guillaume Daver","doi":"10.1111/joa.70091","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ulnar curvature has long been recognized as an indicator of locomotor behavior in mammals, although its relevance has yet to be thoroughly tested in a phylogenetically restricted and functionally diverse group. Extant cercopithecids exhibit a wide range of quadrupedal locomotor behaviors and substrate use, making them an ideal benchmark to test form-function relationships between ulnar curvature and locomotion. While their ulnar curvature has been partly investigated through its anteroposterior curvature, the mediolateral curvature remains largely unexplored. We hypothesized that ulnar curvature covary with habitual substrate use (i.e., terrestrial versus arboreal) and locomotor behaviors (e.g., suspension versus climbing) in both sagittal and coronal planes. In this study, we provide a comprehensive assessment of ulnar curvature in extant cercopithecids, based on an extensive and taxonomically diverse sample of 23 species and 167 individuals, to assess inter- and intraspecific morphological variation. As expected, our analyses confirm previous findings regarding anteroposterior curvature, with terrestrial quadrupeds exhibiting an anteriorly convex ulna, and arboreal taxa showing an anteriorly concave ulna. Regarding mediolateral curvature, arboreal taxa exhibit a lateral convexity, while terrestrial quadrupeds show a more complex sigmoid curvature, possibly reflecting resistance to the various mediolateral constraints generated by hand postures. Although the two curvatures seem to distinguish arboreal and terrestrial locomotor behaviors, their moderate covariation (~55%) suggests that curvature responds to partially distinct biomechanical factors. Suspensory taxa, previously thought to possess relatively straight ulnae, are revealed to have noticeable anteriorly concave bones, consistent with notable brachialis contraction during suspension. Unexpectedly, climbers show intermediate morphologies between arboreal and terrestrial quadrupeds, supporting the idea that ulnar curvature does not allow their distinction, implying that this behavior is difficult to infer through ulnar curvatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"249 2","pages":"383-400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joa.70091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145762834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}