Journal of Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Continuity of interstitial spaces within and outside the human lung","authors":"Jeffrey Ordner,&nbsp;Navneet Narula,&nbsp;Luis Chiriboga,&nbsp;Briana Zeck,&nbsp;Mariam Majd,&nbsp;Kapish Gupta,&nbsp;Rebecca Gaglia,&nbsp;Fang Zhou,&nbsp;Andre Moreira,&nbsp;Rami Iman,&nbsp;Jane P. Ko,&nbsp;Linda Le,&nbsp;Rebecca G. Wells,&nbsp;Neil D. Theise","doi":"10.1111/joa.14280","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.14280","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is a body-wide network of interstitial spaces that includes three components: a large-scale fascial network made up of fluid-filled spaces containing collagens and other extracellular matrix components like hyaluronic acid (HA), the peri-vascular/capillary interstitium, and intercellular interstitial spaces. Staining for HA within the colon, skin, and liver has demonstrated spatial continuity of the fascial interstitium across tissue layers and between organs, while continuity of HA staining between perineurial and adventitial sheathes beyond organ boundaries confirmed that they also participate in this body-wide network. We asked whether the pulmonary interstitium comprises a continuous organ-wide network that also connects to the body-wide interstitium via routes along nerves and the vasculature. We studied archival lung lobectomy specimens containing normal tissues inclusive of all lung anatomical units from six females and three males (mean age 53+/− 16.5 years). For comparison, we also studied normal mouse lung. Multiplex immunohistochemical cocktails were used to identify: (1) HA, CD34, and vimentin – highlighting interstitium; (2) HA, CD34, and podoplanin (D2-40) – highlighting relationships between the interstitium, vasculature, and lymphatics. Sizes of extracellular APP were measured. Tissues from nine patients (six females, three males, mean age 53+/− 16.5 years) were studied. HA staining was continuous throughout the five major anatomic compartments of the lung: alveolar walls, subpleural connective tissue, centrilobular peribronchovascular compartment, interlobular septal compartment, and axial peribronchovascular of the hilum, with similar findings in murine lung tissue. Continuity with interstitial spaces of the perineurium and adventitia was confirmed. The distribution of APP corresponded to known routes of lymphatic drainage, superficial and deep. APP within perineurium and perivascular adventitia further demonstrated continuity between intra- and extrapulmonary interstitium. To conclude, all segments of the lung interstitium are connected and are linked along nerves and the vascular tree to a body-wide communication network. These findings have significant implications for understanding lung physiology and pathobiology, suggesting routes of passage for inflammatory cells and mediators, malignant cells, and infectious agents. Interstitial spaces may be important in microbiome signaling within and beyond the lung and may be a component of the lung–brain axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"247 5","pages":"1059-1068"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological features of serosa-associated lymphoid clusters of the rat parietal pleura: Exploring a relatively unexplored system.","authors":"Rosa E Lagerwerf, Claire Mackaaij, Frieke Kuper, Ronald L A W Bleys, Cindy G J Cleypool","doi":"10.1111/joa.14286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Serosal membranes contain secondary lymphoid structures that monitor body cavity fluid and can initiate immune responses. While serosa-associated lymphoid clusters (SALCs) of the omental peritoneum (also known as milky spots) are well studied, research on pleural (p)SALCs is limited. This study aimed to examine the distribution, 3D in situ morphology, and cellular composition of SALCs in the parietal pleura in rats. By providing detailed anatomical data, this research may guide future studies on their presence in humans and for potential extrapolation of functional characteristics from rats to humans, if morphological similarities exist. The thorax of fixed Wild type Long Evans female rat cadavers was opened, followed by in toto staining with hematoxylin to improve in situ SALC visibility. Pleural segments, as previously described for rats, were allocated and subsequently stereomicroscopically studied for the presence of pSALCs to gain insight into their topographical distribution and in situ 3D morphological characteristics. To confirm that these structures indeed represent SALCs, tissue sections of each morphological subtype were microscopically studied for the presence of lymphocytes and macrophages, the primary constituents of SALCs. SALCs were observed in decreasing order in the retropericardial pleural folds (RPF), the adipose streak, pulmonary ligaments, and the ventral mediastinal pleura (VMP), whereas no SALCs were observed in pericardial, paravertebral, costal, and diaphragmatic pleura. In situ, pSALCs could be divided into four 3D morphological categories: flat, vascular, adipose, and protruding. Microscopic investigation showed that all pSALC subtypes contained T cells, B cells, and macrophages, confirming the lymphoid nature of these structures. Data provided by this study forms the basis for future morphological comparisons with humans and the potential to extrapolate functional characteristics of pSALCs from previous experimental studies in rats to humans. Our study shows that some SALC containing pleural segments are unique to rats and these interspecies differences should be considered carefully when designing future studies in humans. Furthermore, the phenomenon of distinct 3D SALC morphological subtypes requires further investigation to determine their functional implications, including any relationship between three-dimensional structures and e.g. immune activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Under the surface: Correlates with maxillary sinus shape","authors":"Ellen E. I. Fricano,&nbsp;Joseph Nguyen,&nbsp;Ryan Hallal,&nbsp;Catherine J. Llera Martín","doi":"10.1111/joa.14283","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.14283","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite the central role that the maxillary sinus plays in facial architecture, its shape has never been robustly analyzed in part due to its amorphous morphology and the lack of repeatable landmarks. While previous research has examined correlations between sinus volume and two-dimensional measurements with factors like sex, age, and environmental influences, less is known about finer structural variations, such as trabeculation and surface complexity, in relation to these variables. This study aimed to explore how maxillary sinus size and shape correlate with factors such as age, sex, tobacco, and drug use. The left and right maxillary sinuses of 109 adult individuals were segmented from CT scans. A novel application of spherical harmonic analysis was conducted to quantify maxillary sinus shape. Statistical analyses, including principal component analysis, <i>t</i>-tests, and Mann–Whitney <i>U</i> tests, were employed to assess differences in sinus shape due to sex, age, tobacco use, and drug use. Results showed significant differences in sinus shape due to sex, tobacco, and drug use. The areas of highest variation between groups were at the lateral-most apex and the anterior wall at the superior and inferior corners. Males have larger sinuses, but no other significant differences in sinus size or asymmetry were identified among the groups tested. Previously identified patterns in maxillary volume across age groups were not supported. This study illustrates the areas of highest variability in relation to each variable and has important implications for future studies seeking to understand sinus structure and drainage across groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"247 5","pages":"897-909"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Change in diameters of the small intestine according to embryonic and early fetal growth","authors":"Nanase Ishida,&nbsp;Toru Kanahashi,&nbsp;Jun Matsubayashi,&nbsp;Hirohiko Imai,&nbsp;Joerg Männer,&nbsp;Shigehito Yamada,&nbsp;Tetsuya Takakuwa","doi":"10.1111/joa.14285","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.14285","url":null,"abstract":"<p>No previous studies have examined the diameter of the small intestine successively from the oral to the anal side of the small intestine. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the successive intestinal diameters from the oral to the anal side (proximal to the distal) of the intestine, evaluate changes in diameter associated with growth, examine the effects of positional variation along the intestinal tract, investigate dynamic positional change from the extraembryonic coelom to the abdominal cavity, and assess the impact of complex tertiary intestinal loop formation. To this end, 14 human embryonic and fetal specimens with crown-rump lengths (CRLs) ranging from 25.6 to 69.0 mm were selected for high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging acquisition. The small intestines of the specimens were located in the extraembryonic coelom (herniation phase), transitioning phase, or abdominal cavity (return phase). The small intestine and mesentery were reconstructed in three dimensions, and the resulting morphological changes were observed and analyzed. Successive intestinal diameters from the oral to anal side of the small intestine were determined. Specifically, we observed the following: (1) gradual changes in the diameter of the position from the oral to the anal side in the jejunum–ileum, (2) the difference between the duodenum and jejunum–ileum, and (3) the difference between the superior part of the duodenum derived from the foregut and the remaining parts derived from the midgut. (4) Notably, the dynamic positional change from the extraembryonic coelom to the abdominal cavity, along with the rapid elongation and complex intestinal loop formation—a conspicuous phenomenon in the embryonic and early fetal periods—had little effect on the changes in diameter. This study indicates that increased diameter may serve as a useful indicator of intestinal development and differentiation, independent of tertiary intestinal loop formation and positional changes into and out of the abdominal cavity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"247 5","pages":"1091-1102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative embryology of the squamate pancreas: Structural and 3D studies on the sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) and brown anole (Anolis sagrei)","authors":"Weronika Rupik,&nbsp;Magdalena Kowalska,&nbsp;Paweł Kaczmarek","doi":"10.1111/joa.14284","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.14284","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the developmental processes of the pancreas in two squamate species: the sand lizard (<i>Lacerta agilis</i>, Laterata) and the brown anole (<i>Anolis sagrei</i>, Iguania). Utilizing histological serial sections, we generated 3D reconstructions of the pancreas and its associated structures. Through a comparative analysis, we identified shared developmental events, including the emergence of specific structures and the initiation of distinct processes, to elucidate patterns of pancreatic differentiation and morphology. The pancreas of the sand lizard originates from three buds, while that of the brown anole originates from only two. In the sand lizard, the adult-like pancreas has an elongated Y-shape, while in the brown anole, the pancreas resembles the letter T on its side. Despite the differences in shape, in both species, the pancreas consists of four parts: the splenic lobe, the head of the pancreas, and the upper and lower lobes. The distal end of the splenic lobe in both species forms a thickened region called the juxtasplenic body. In the brown anole, endocrine islets are found only in the splenic lobe, and there are no islets in the other parts of the embryonic pancreas. In contrast, two clusters were identified in the pancreas of the sand lizard: one within the juxtasplenic body and the smaller one located where the splenic lobe emerges from the head of the pancreas. Both species differ in the topology of the ducts. In the sand lizard, the cystic and hepatic ducts enter the upper lobe of the pancreas, pass into the head of the pancreas, and form the common bile duct, which drains into the duodenum. In the brown anole, the cystic and hepatic ducts run along the upper lobe of the pancreas, then enter the head of the pancreas and form the common bile duct, which drains into the duodenum. Based on similarities between the brown anole, varanid lizards, and snakes, we propose that there is a common developmental sequence in toxicoferans and the adult pancreas of the brown anole represents an intermediate condition between “typical,” elongated three-lobed lizard morphology and the shortened and partially compact pancreas of varanid lizards. This adds another grade of variation within the evolutionary pathway leading to the compact pancreas of snakes. On the other hand, the development and the adult-like morphology of the sand lizard pancreas strongly resemble the “typical”, plesiomorphic, lizard condition. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of squamate anatomy and may shed light on the evolution of the pancreas in this clade.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"247 5","pages":"1069-1090"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteohistology of the Maastrichtian, small-bodied elasmosaurid Kawanectes lafquenianum (Sauropterygia; Plesiosauria)","authors":"M. E. Pereyra,&nbsp;J. O'Gorman,&nbsp;A. Chinsamy","doi":"10.1111/joa.14273","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.14273","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plesiosauria is a clade of marine reptiles that thrived from the Late Triassic to the end of the Cretaceous. Among plesiosaurs, the elasmosaurids are particularly notable for their diverse body sizes. Small-sized specimens of <i>Kawanectes lafquenianum</i> exhibit fully closed neuro-central sutures indicating skeletal maturity. To independently assess whether they are indeed small-bodied adults, we analysed the paleohistology of long bones of three differently sized <i>Kawanectes lafquenianum</i> specimens recovered from the La Colonia Formation, Chubut Province, Argentina. The microanatomy of the bones revealed differences in the architectural organization of the hindlimbs and forelimbs, with the humerus being highly remodelled as compared to the femur. Extensive secondary reconstruction in the propodials and ribs suggests a high rate of calcium mobilization, perhaps related to biomechanical stresses. Despite the extensive secondary reconstruction in all the bones studied, primary bone tissue comprising parallel-fibred bone and lamellar bone was identified at the outermost cortex, along with an external fundamental system in the propodial bones of one of the specimens. Overall osteohistology features indicate an adult stage for all the specimens, although it appears that our sample represents individuals at different levels of maturity. Lines of arrested growth were also registered, giving a minimum age of 11 and 14 years for the specimens MPEF-PV 1155 and MPEF-PV 11545, respectively. These results indicated that <i>K. lafquenianum</i> is a small-bodied elasmosaurid (3.8 m–4.2 m in body length). Additionally, the bone microstructure of the postcranial elements reflects interelemental variability. Further research involving additional specimens is needed to explore other palaeobiological aspects of <i>Kawanectes lafquenianum</i>, such as growth dynamics, sexual dimorphisms, locomotion, among others.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"247 3-4","pages":"466-487"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joa.14273","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The elephant backbone: Morphological differences, dorsostability, and vertebral fusions","authors":"Ruslan I. Belyaev,&nbsp;Natalya E. Prilepskaya","doi":"10.1111/joa.14270","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.14270","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The vertebral column of elephants has several unique features that distinguish them from all other modern-day mammals. In this study, we examine various aspects of the functional morphology and intervertebral mobility of the elephant backbone, comparing it to that of other large herbivorous mammals, as well as to extinct <i>Mammuthus primigenius</i>, <i>M. trogontherii</i>, and <i>Mammut americanum</i>. The elephant vertebral column is characterized by a high degree of dorsostability. All three directions of intervertebral mobility (sagittal and lateral bending, and axial rotation), in all backbone modules, demonstrate the lowest amplitudes of motion known for mammals. In elephants, neck mobility is largely replaced by the mobility of the proboscis; the axial rotation in the thoracic region is not used for maneuvering, and the sagittal flexibility of the lumbar region is practically absent during locomotion. The mobility of the elephant cervical region in the sagittal and frontal planes is low; however, it is still responsible for movements that require significant force, such as tournament fights and breaking tree branches. The lumbosacral joint characterized by sagittal hypermobility in most terrestrial mammals is even less mobile than the intralumbar joints in elephantids. The thoracic-lumbo-sacral region of proboscideans is arch-shaped in lateral view, resulting from the ventral-ward tapering of the vertebral centra (the length along the spinal canal is longer than the length at the ventral side of the centrum). This tapering is most pronounced in the posterior thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. In contrast, the vertebral centra in the middle part of the trunk (T8–T14) are almost rectangular in lateral view. This arch-shaped structure provides static support to the vertebral column, preventing sagging. The absolute length of the spinous processes in proboscideans is comparable to those of the largest bovines and exceeds the lengths of extant rhinoceroses. However, relative to the height of the vertebral centrum, the spinous processes in the withers area of elephants are 2–4 times shorter than those in bovines and rhinoceroses. The profile and inclination angle of the spinous processes differ drastically among different taxa. Despite these differences, we found no significant variations in the sagittal flexibility of the backbone among the different elephantids. We hypothesize that the observed differences may relate to how the arch shape of the backbone is maintained in the posterior part of the thoracolumbar region. In modern-day elephants, dorsostability is primarily supported by a strong supraspinous ligament with short intersegmental portions. In mammoths, this is probably maintained by the linea alba and the abdominal muscles.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"247 5","pages":"988-1012"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related morphometry, typology and spatial distribution of anterior latissimus dorsi muscle fibre in broiler chicken.","authors":"A Achouri, A Azizi, O Bennoune, H Aidoudi, H Belbedj","doi":"10.1111/joa.14276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The acquisition and processing of muscle tissue images through optical microscopy, along with manual and semi-automatic software techniques, present significant constraints on comprehensive research of a muscle's entire cross-sectional area. To address this limitation, we focused on the anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) muscle, enabling us to analyse its complete cross-section on a single slide throughout all study stages. This allowed for a detailed assessment, incorporating age-related variations, of histoenzymatic activity across the entire cross-sectional area, along with fibre typology and spatial distribution, and to encourage comparative research across vertebrates to examine species-specific, genetic, ecological and functional influences on histo-enzymomorphometric changes. Leveraging advancements in image acquisition and processing technologies, including slide scanning and automated software, we conducted a comprehensive study on broiler chickens (Gallus gallus Domesticus) at post-hatch ages (D0, D7, D14, D21, D28, D35, D42, D49 and D56), with 10 subjects per age group. The myofibrillar network was visualized using Azorubin staining, while identification of different fibre types in the ALD muscle was achieved through co-revelation of ATPase activity at acidic pH (4.10). Our investigation revealed a progressive decline in the total number of muscle fibres with age. The ALD muscle demonstrated variability in intramuscular distribution, with type IIIa fibres dispersed across the entire muscle surface, showing a consistent increase in percentage with age. Conversely, type IIIb fibres were initially well distributed across the muscle surface during early growth stages but exhibited a gradual decrease with age, particularly in the caudal half of the muscle, reaching minimal values in adulthood. Type IIa fibres were scarce in early ages but appeared in later stages, with percentages not exceeding 5%. The coefficient of variability of type IIa fibres was notably high, indicating the presence of multiple fibre types sharing a common negative reaction to ATPase revelation at acidic pH. This phenomenon suggests a potential conversion of type IIIb fibres into type IIa and IIb fibres. In conclusion, our histoenzymatic study of the entire cross-sectional area of the ALD muscle has provided novel insights into fibre typology and spatial distribution within muscle bundles. Further research to unravel the mechanisms of fibre-type distribution leading to explore the genetic effects of domestication and ecological pressures across species.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144101907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Cover (June 2025)","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/joa.14281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14281","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cover image: Ochronosis 6 ways. Ochronotic pigmentation within the perichondrium surrounding hyaline cartilage from the secondary bronchus of an individual with alkaptonuria. Top row: Schmorl's, Safranin-O, fast green. Middle row: Haematoxylin &amp; eosin and Masson's trichrome. Bottom row: Picrosirius red (light microscopy left and polarised light right). See J. Hughes et al., ‘An anatomical investigation of alkaptonuria: Novel insights into ochronosis of cartilage and bone’, this issue.</p><p>\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"246 6","pages":"i"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joa.14281","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint function in marmosets and tamarins: Insights from computational modeling of hip extensor muscles","authors":"Patricia Berles,&nbsp;Jan Wölfer,&nbsp;John. A. Nyakatura","doi":"10.1111/joa.14268","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.14268","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Analyses of the musculoskeletal system of callitrichid primates contribute to the understanding of the specializations of an apparently highly conserved body plan exhibited by this radiation of New World primates. This pilot study provides data from computational modeling of muscle function of five hip extensor muscles in four species of Callitrichidae to identify potential adaptations to previously documented differential leaping behaviors. Based on microCT scans of fresh cadavers, we reconstructed the muscle topology to inform the modeling of instantaneous muscle moment arms (MMAs) contributing to hip extension and accompanying muscle strains. Generally, muscle properties of the four species were surprisingly similar despite documented differences in leaping behavior. However, all extensors of Goeldi's marmoset (except for the semimembranosus) had the longest instantaneous MMAs. This may result in a greater capacity to generate hip torques in these marmosets (assuming identical force provided by the muscles), beneficial to their specialization in long-distance trunk-to-trunk leaps. The shorter instantaneous MMAs of the extensors of the three other studied species indicate specialization toward more rapid hip extension. Strain analysis showed that, in all four species, the two glutei optimally generate force during the entire extension of the hip from a strongly crouched leg position to take off with an almost entirely extended leg. For the other three muscles (biceps femoris, semimembranosus and semitendinosus), we found optimal strains for force generation only at 50°–140° hip extension. We tentatively conclude that a relatively generalized musculoskeletal system for hip extension, coupled with moderate biomechanical adaptations favoring either joint torque or rotational speed, enables callitrichids to achieve remarkable locomotor versatility within highly intricate arboreal environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"247 5","pages":"1028-1037"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joa.14268","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}