Journal of Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Disparate and parallel craniofacial climatic adaptations in native populations of Asia, North America, and South America","authors":"Andrej Evteev,&nbsp;Taisiya Syutkina,&nbsp;Alexandra Grosheva,&nbsp;Patrícia Santos,&nbsp;Silvia Ghirotto,&nbsp;Tsunehiko Hanihara,&nbsp;Mark Hubbe,&nbsp;Lumila Paula Menéndez","doi":"10.1111/joa.14115","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.14115","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the impact that climate had in shaping cranial variation is critical for inferring the evolutionary mechanisms that played a role in human diversification. Here, we provide a comprehensive study aiming to analyze the association between climate and cranial variation of high latitude populations living in temperate to cold environments of Asia, North America, and South America. For this, we compiled a large morphometric dataset (<i>N</i> = 2633), which was combined with climatic and genomic data. We tested the influence of climate on the facial skeleton, nasal protrusion, and cranial vault and through multiple statistical tests at two geographical scales: intracontinental and intercontinental. We show that populations living in cold areas share a morphological pattern characterized by an increase in nasal height, facial and orbital heights and widths, a decrease in facial protrusion, and larger, longer, and lower cranial vaults. There are also distinctive features; populations from north Asia present the tallest noses, largest faces, and cranial vaults of the whole sample. Nasal breadth dimensions show small values in Asians, large values in South Americans, and non-significant changes in arctic North America. The morphological pattern in populations living at high latitude may be the result of parallel adaptation, as supported by physiological, morphometric, ecological, and genetic explanations, while the differences in magnitude and phenotypic expression could be due to the diverse population histories, severity of climate, and cultural strategies. Overall, our study shows that climate is a relevant factor shaping modern human morphology and it should be considered when studying modern human evolution and diversification.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"245 5","pages":"699-724"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joa.14115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142055666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth and life history of freshwater chelydrid turtles (Testudines: Cryptodira): A bone histological approach.","authors":"Mohd Shafi Bhat, Thomas M Cullen","doi":"10.1111/joa.14130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study examines the growth pattern and lifestyle habits of the freshwater snapping turtles Chelydra and Macrochelys based on limb bone histology. Femora, humeri, and tibiae of 25 individuals selected from a range of ontogenetic stages were assessed to determine inter-element and intraskeletal histological variation. Osteohistological assessment of multiple elements is consistent with overall moderate growth rates as revealed by the dominance of parallel-fibered bone. However, the growth was cyclical as shown by deposition of multiple lines of arrested growths in the compacta. It appears that the bone tissue of C. serpentina is more variable through ontogeny with intermittent higher growth rates. M. temminckii appears to grow more slowly than C. serpentina possessing compact and thick cortices in accordance with their larger size. Overall, vascularization decreases through ontogeny with humeri and femora being well-vascularized in both species. Contrarily, epipodials are poorly vascularized, though simple longitudinal and radial canals are present, suggesting differences in growth patterns when compared with associated diaphyseal sections. The tibiae were found to be the least remodeled of the limb bones and therefore better suited for skeletochronology for snapping turtles. Intra-elementally, femora and humeri preserved higher cortical vascularity ventrally, suggestive of faster relative growth. We hypothesize that the differential growth pattern in limb bones of snapping turtles may relate to differential functional constraints, where forelimbs are operational in swimming while the hindlimbs provide stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction: Professor Gillian Morriss-Kay DSc","authors":"Sachiko Iseki,&nbsp;Andrew O. M. Wilkie","doi":"10.1111/joa.14127","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.14127","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;For the symposium &lt;i&gt;3rd Advances in Craniosynostosis: Basic Science to Clinical Practice&lt;/i&gt;, we were delighted to introduce Emeritus Professor of Developmental Anatomy Gillian Morriss-Kay as the guest speaker. Gillian pursued a distinguished career as a developmental embryologist, principally at Cambridge, where she undertook her PhD research with David Woollam, and subsequently in Oxford, where she worked in what was originally the Department of Human Anatomy (now ‘DPAG’) from 1976 until well after her official retirement in 2004.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We were both fortunate to meet and work with Gillian at a crucial time for the study of craniosynostosis. During the late 1980s, vertebrate biologists started to ask what the relevance of genes identified in &lt;i&gt;Drosophila&lt;/i&gt; might have for the development of structures in their chosen model organism, but it is fair to say that the cranial sutures were not high on their shopping list. However, as Gillian recounts (Morriss-Kay, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;), the first disease gene identifications in craniosynostosis (&lt;i&gt;MSX2&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;FGFR1&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;FGFR2&lt;/i&gt;), which came in a flurry during 1993 and 1994, immediately showed that cranial sutures must be rather interesting after all, because the newly implicated genes were all already well established in the developmental biologist's lexicon. Gillian's hard-won experience in craniofacial anatomy placed her in a perfect position to complement the efforts of human geneticists. One of us (AOMW) still winces at the memory of our first meeting on 29 September 1992, when he confused the facial prominences and branchial arches on a mouse tissue cross-section, something Gillian was not going to allow to pass without comment! This experience only reinforced the need to collaborate on this new venture. By another fortunate accident of timing, the other of us (SI) arrived at Gillian's lab on a Human Frontier Science Program Fellowship just 2 months after the first &lt;i&gt;FGFR2&lt;/i&gt; mutation was identified in Apert syndrome (on 27 September 1994). Gillian describes what happened next.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In addition to her important work on the molecular pathology of craniosynostosis, Gillian played a key role in arguably the most surprising discovery this century about the skull—that the frontal and parietal bones, so similar looking osteologically, actually have entirely distinct developmental origins. For all these works, as well as her dedication to the &lt;i&gt;Journal of Anatomy&lt;/i&gt; (extending well beyond ‘retirement’) and leadership role in the Anatomical Society, Gillian very deservedly was recognised with the Society's foremost award, the Prize and Gold Medal, in 2021.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gillian's article title finishes with the word ‘future’. As an illustration of the wonderful way in which, if you keeping chipping away at your field of science, then new connections often continue to be made, partial loss-of-function variants in one of the enzymes (DHRS3) in the biosynthetic pathway between retinol (vitamin A) ","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"245 6","pages":"815"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11547239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual dimorphism and allometry in human scapula shape","authors":"Erin C. S. Lee,&nbsp;Rebekah L. Lawrence,&nbsp;Michael J. Rainbow","doi":"10.1111/joa.14124","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.14124","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Scapula shape is highly variable across humans and appears to be sexually dimorphic—differing significantly between biological males and females. However, previous investigations of sexual dimorphism in scapula shape have not considered the effects of allometry (the relationship between size and shape). Disentangling allometry from sexual dimorphism is necessary because apparent sex-based differences in shape could be due to inherent differences in body size. This study aimed to investigate sexual dimorphism in scapula shape and examine the role of allometry in sex-based variation. We used three-dimensional geometric morphometrics with Procrustes ANOVA to quantify scapula shape variation associated with sex and size in 125 scapulae. Scapula shape significantly differed between males and females, and males tended to have larger scapulae than females for the same body height. We found that males and females exhibited distinct allometric relationships, and sexually dimorphic shape changes did not align with male- or female-specific allometry. A secondary test revealed that sexual dimorphism in scapula shape persisted between males and females of similar body heights. Overall, our findings indicate that there are sex-based differences in scapula shape that cannot be attributed to size-shape relationships. Our results shed light on the potential role of sexual selection in human shoulder evolution, present new hypotheses for biomechanical differences in shoulder function between sexes, and identify relevant traits for improving sex classification accuracy in forensic analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"245 5","pages":"674-685"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joa.14124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical description of neornithine stomach with implications on neornithine stomach morphology","authors":"Ryuji Takasaki,&nbsp;Yoshitsugu Kobayashi","doi":"10.1111/joa.14123","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.14123","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Neornithines, the most diversified extant tetrapods, have been a classic example for understanding form–function relationships, particularly in the context of the interaction between dietary ecology and neornithine phenotypic evolution. While the previous studies have primarily focused on beak morphology, the significance of the neornithine stomach, which serves as a functional analog of mammalian dentition, is expected to play an important role as well. However, current knowledge on neornithine stomachs is predominantly biased toward poultry and birds of prey, leading to a significant underappreciation of its impact on macroevolution. Here, we provide detailed descriptions of neornithine stomachs represented by 115 species of major orders and test if and how neornithine stomachs are related to their dietary ecology. We identified four morphotypes among neornithine stomachs, which are strongly constrained phylogenetically. While the neornithine diet demonstrates strong associations with stomach morphotypes, the associations are small or absent when accounting for the phylogeny in statistical evaluations. Similarly, the neornithine diet has negligible effects on their ventriculus mass under the analyses with phylogenetic correction. The results resemble a recent finding that a neornithine diet has no effect on intestine length when accounting for phylogeny, but rather flight performance does. Thus, the present study further supports the previous findings that dietary specialization in neornithine birds closely follows phylogeny, making functional convergence across taxa difficult to detect.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"245 5","pages":"787-796"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joa.14123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141995812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A longitudinal study of the role of fingers in the development of early number and arithmetic skills in children with Apert syndrome","authors":"Caroline Hilton","doi":"10.1111/joa.14111","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.14111","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper discusses a longitudinal study with children with Apert syndrome aged between 4 and 11 years. There has long been an interest in the role of fingers in the development of early number skills and arithmetic. As children with Apert syndrome are born with complex fusions of their fingers, they have to undergo several surgical procedures in order to obtain individuated fingers. This has implications for their finger mobility and finger awareness. It has been suggested that children with Apert syndrome have specific difficulties with early number and arithmetic activities. The findings from this study suggest that engaging children with Apert syndrome in activities that develop finger awareness (finger gnosis) and finger mobility (fine motor skills) may have a positive impact on their ability to engage with appropriate mathematics curricula at school. This is relevant to all those involved in the care of children with Apert syndrome and will be of particular relevance to those involved in early childhood and primary education. This study also provides new insights into the role of finger use in the development of skills and understanding in early number and arithmetic.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"245 6","pages":"914-929"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11547234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141995811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atlas-guided brain projection tracts: From regions of interest to tractography 3D rendering.","authors":"Corentin Dauleac, Patrick Mertens, Carole Frindel, Timothée Jacquesson, François Cotton","doi":"10.1111/joa.14120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has seen significant development over the last two decades, in particular with the development of the tractography of association tracts for preoperative planning of surgery. However, projection tracts are difficult to differentiate from one another and tractography studies have failed to reconstruct these ascending/descending pathways from/to the spinal cord. The present study proposes an atlas of regions of interest (ROIs) designed specifically for projection tracts tractography. Forty-nine healthy subjects were included in this prospective study. Brain DTI was acquired using the same 3 T MRI scanner, with 32 diffusion directions. Distortions were corrected using the FSL software package. ROIs were drawn using the anterior commissure (AC)-posterior commissure (PC) line on the following landmarks: the pyramid for the corticospinal tract, the medio-caudal part of the red nucleus for the rubrospinal tract, the pontine reticular nucleus for corticoreticular tract, the superior and inferior cerebellar peduncles for, respectively, the anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tract, the gracilis and cuneatus nucleus for the dorsal columns, and the ventro-posterolateral nucleus for the spinothalamic tract. Fiber tracking was performed using a deterministic algorithm using DSI Studio software. ROI coordinates, according to AC-PC line, were given for each tract. Tractography was obtained for each tract, allowing tridimensional rendering and comparison of tracking metrics between tracts. The present study reports the accurate design of specific ROIs for tractography of each projection tract. This could be a useful tool in order to differentiate projection tracts at the spinal cord level.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative muscle anatomy of the anuran pelvis and hindlimb in relation to locomotor mode","authors":"Alice Leavey,&nbsp;Christopher T. Richards,&nbsp;Laura B. Porro","doi":"10.1111/joa.14122","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.14122","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Frogs have a highly conserved body plan, yet they employ a diverse array of locomotor modes, making them ideal organisms for investigating the relationships between morphology and locomotor function, in particular whether anatomical complexity is a prerequisite for functional complexity. We use diffusible iodine contrast-enhanced microCT (diceCT) imaging to digitally dissect the gross muscle anatomy of the pelvis and hindlimbs for 30 species of frogs representing five primary locomotor modes, including the first known detailed dissection for some of the world's smallest frogs, forming the largest digital comparative analysis of musculoskeletal structure in any vertebrate clade to date. By linking musculoskeletal dissections and phylogenetic comparative methods, we then quantify and compare relationships between anatomy and function across over 160 million years of anuran evolution. In summary, we have found that bone lengths and pelvic crest sizes are generally not reliable predictors of muscle sizes, which highlights important implications for future palaeontological studies. Our investigation also presents previously unreported differences in muscle anatomy between frogs specialising in different locomotor modes, including several of the smallest frog hindlimb muscles, which are extremely difficult to extract and measure using traditional approaches. Furthermore, we find evidence of many-to-one and one-to-many mapping of form to function across the phylogeny. Additionally, we perform the first quantitative analysis of how the degree of muscle separation can differ between frogs. We find evidence that phylogenetic history is the key contributing factor to muscle separation in the pelvis and thigh, while the separation of shank muscles is influenced more strongly by locomotor mode. Finally, our anatomical 3D reconstructions are published alongside this manuscript to contribute towards future research and serve as educational materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"245 5","pages":"751-774"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joa.14122","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141906698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Cover (September 2024)","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/joa.14078","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.14078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <b>Front cover:</b>\u0000 </p><p>Cover image: Reconstructing the head of the fossil coelacanth <i>Mawsonia</i> using CT scan. See Toriño et al., this issue.</p><p>\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"245 3","pages":"i"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joa.14078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141939206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts from the Anatomical Society Winter meeting, 3rd–5th January 2024, Liverpool, UK","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/joa.14112","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.14112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"245 5","pages":"797-812"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joa.14112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}