Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation最新文献_第3页

Quantitative Measurement of the Exposure Response of Digital Cameras 数码相机曝光响应的定量测量

Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2019-09-05 DOI: 10.4236/jasmi.2019.93005

Caitlin R. Kunchur

{"title":"Quantitative Measurement of the Exposure Response of Digital Cameras","authors":"Caitlin R. Kunchur","doi":"10.4236/jasmi.2019.93005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jasmi.2019.93005","url":null,"abstract":"Digital cameras span a large range in price and performance. Consumers often \u0000focus mainly on the resolution in pixels when shopping for a camera. Of \u0000equal importance is the quality of the optics and the exposure response. Digital \u0000cameras generally have a linear exposure response, but the amount of \u0000noise and the dynamic range vary. It is difficult to obtain quantitative information \u0000on these parameters to make an informed assessment. This work explores \u0000and demonstrates first-principles methods to measure the exposure \u0000response to make meaningful comparisons between different camera models. \u0000It also shows how to make the most of a particular camera by measuring its \u0000noise level and dynamic range, to understand the limits of its useable ISO \u0000amplification. The methods only require a computer and free software to \u0000download images and extract their RGB pixel values. The analysis, based on \u0000the RGB values, uses standard spreadsheet software. The procedures are \u0000therefore accessible to anyone with a digital camera and computer, and will \u0000help to reduce speculation in comparing cameras, and help consumers make \u0000an informed decision.","PeriodicalId":14932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89011971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and Construction of a Digital Multichannel Analyzer for HPGe Detector Using Digital Signal Processing Technique 基于数字信号处理技术的高锗探测器数字多通道分析仪的设计与构建

Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2019-06-05 DOI: 10.4236/JASMI.2019.92003

Dang Hong Ngoc Quy, P. N. Tuan, N. N. Dien

引用次数: 3

Precise Determination of Uranium Isotopes in Suez Canal Sediment 苏伊士运河沉积物中铀同位素的精确测定

Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2019-06-05 DOI: 10.4236/JASMI.2019.92004

W. Abdellah

{"title":"Precise Determination of Uranium Isotopes in Suez Canal Sediment","authors":"W. Abdellah","doi":"10.4236/JASMI.2019.92004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JASMI.2019.92004","url":null,"abstract":"The streambed sediments of the Suez Canal have been analyzed for determining the natural radionuclides and long-lived radionuclides such as uranium by gamma and alpha spectrometric techniques. The specific activities of 238U series, 232Th series and 40K (Bq/kg) were measured by gamma spectrometry based on Hyper-Pure Germanium detector (HPGe). The average specific activities of 226Ra(238U) series, 232Th series and 40K were ranged from 3.04 ± 1.10 to 14.70 ± 1.24 Bq/kg, from 1.12 ± 0.66 to 16.10 ± 1.30 and from 77 ± 4.90 to 350.50 ± 8.90 Bq/kg respectively. The concentration of 238U and 234U in the streambed sediments are ranged from 3.24 ± 0.21 to 13.34 ± 0.61 ppm and from 3.18 ± 0.02 to 13.77 ± 0.03 ppm in dry weight respectively. 234U/238U ratios of the sediments are relatively lower than unity in many locations indicating the preferential uranium leaching process. The results with the high ratios for 234U/238U were observed in the sediment collected from Port Said. This may be attributed to the sorption of uranium by sediment which has a relatively high content of organic matter. The geochemical behavior of sediment, the chemistry of uranium and the flow rates of water are considered as the most important factors controlling uranium isotopic composition of the streambed sediment. The result of radioactivity in sediment samples can be used to distinguish any future changes due to non-nuclear industries on the Suez Canal area.","PeriodicalId":14932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85668718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Triphenylmethanol and Tris(2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol) Derivatives: Synthesis and Application as Indicators for Acid-Base Volumetric Titration 三苯基甲醇和三(2-(羟甲基)苯酚)衍生物的合成及其在酸碱体积滴定中的应用

Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2019-06-05 DOI: 10.4236/JASMI.2019.92002

R. Beni, W. Boadi, Jawzah Alnakhli, Samiyah Alhamed, Tiffany Robinson, Melanie Mootry, Nahom Iyob, Jamill Jackson, Natalie Spicer, A. Harris, Ibrahim Bamidad, R. Antwi, S. Richardson, Tralynn Williams

{"title":"Triphenylmethanol and Tris(2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol) Derivatives: Synthesis and Application as Indicators for Acid-Base Volumetric Titration","authors":"R. Beni, W. Boadi, Jawzah Alnakhli, Samiyah Alhamed, Tiffany Robinson, Melanie Mootry, Nahom Iyob, Jamill Jackson, Natalie Spicer, A. Harris, Ibrahim Bamidad, R. Antwi, S. Richardson, Tralynn Williams","doi":"10.4236/JASMI.2019.92002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JASMI.2019.92002","url":null,"abstract":"Polyphenols are naturally occurring compounds found largely in fruits, vegetables, cereals and beverages. Currently, there is much interest in the potential health benefits of dietary plant polyphenols as antioxidants. The effect of polyphenols on human cancer cells is most often protective and induces a reduction in the number of tumors or rate of growth. During our course of study on anticancer prodrugs, twelve triphenylmethanol and one tris(2-(hydroxymethyl) phenol derivatives were synthesized as a carrier of several drugs with optimized lipophilicity. Besides application of these compounds as a foundation for anticancer drug delivery systems, these compounds were evaluated as indicators for the acid-base volumetric titration of a standard solution of hydrochloric acid with a standard solution of sodium hydroxide. The experiments indicated a moderate-to-sharp color transition of the solutions near the neutralization point for most indicators. These indicators may have potential applications for acid-base titrations in a narrow range.","PeriodicalId":14932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90345113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Radon Concentration Measurements in Gattar Uranium Prospect, Northern Eastern Desert, Egypt 埃及东北部沙漠Gattar铀矿区的氡浓度测定

Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2019-01-04 DOI: 10.4236/JASMI.2019.91001

N. Fahmi

引用次数: 0

Experimental Investigation of Effects of Electric Operating Parameters on Pulsed Corona Discharges in Humid Air at Atmospheric Pressure 常压下湿空气中电工作参数对脉冲电晕放电影响的实验研究

Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2018-12-24 DOI: 10.4236/JASMI.2018.84005

Hasna Guedah, A. Abahazem, N. Merbahi, M. Yousfi, K. Saber, A. Ihlal

{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Effects of Electric Operating Parameters on Pulsed Corona Discharges in Humid Air at Atmospheric Pressure","authors":"Hasna Guedah, A. Abahazem, N. Merbahi, M. Yousfi, K. Saber, A. Ihlal","doi":"10.4236/JASMI.2018.84005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JASMI.2018.84005","url":null,"abstract":"The present work is devoted to electrical and optical study of a point-plane atmospheric pressure corona discharge reactor in humid air powered by pulsed high voltage supply. The corona current and the injected energy are analyzed as a function of several parameters such as applied voltage and humidity rate. Then, investigations based on emission spectroscopy analysis were used in UV range (from 200 nm to about 400 nm). The main observed excited species were the second positive (SPS), the first negative (FNS) systems and OH(A-X) rotational bands. The latter band was used to simulate the rotational temperature (Tr), whereas the N2+ (FNS) band was used to determine the vibrational temperature (Tv). The electron temperature (Te ) is determined from the ratio of line intensities of the spectral bands of both N2+ FNS at 391.4 nm and N2SPS at 394.4 nm. The rotational, vibrational and electronic temperatures are analyzed as a function of above parameters (applied voltage, frequency and hygrometry rate) near the anodic tip. As well we study the axial variation of electronic temperature for a fixed applied voltage at 6.4 kV, frequency at 10 kHz and 100% of humidity. It is found that the rotational, vibrational and electronic temperatures increased with increasing applied voltage, frequency and humidity rate. The increase of rate hygrometry for an inter-electrode distance fixed at 10 mm causes an increase in both the amplitude of the corona current discharge and the energy injected in corona discharge. This is indicative of more intense reactive plasma while increasing hygrometry rate.","PeriodicalId":14932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation","volume":"60 1","pages":"49-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74305366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Performance Evaluation of the Thick Pinhole Gamma Rays Diagnostic System 厚针孔伽马射线诊断系统的性能评价

Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2018-09-05 DOI: 10.4236/jasmi.2018.83003

Hongwei Xie, Jinchuan Chen, Linbo Li, Q. Yi

{"title":"Performance Evaluation of the Thick Pinhole Gamma Rays Diagnostic System","authors":"Hongwei Xie, Jinchuan Chen, Linbo Li, Q. Yi","doi":"10.4236/jasmi.2018.83003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jasmi.2018.83003","url":null,"abstract":"The diagnostic methods for the profile of the radiation source were estab-lished at first based on the pinhole imaging principle. In this paper, the relationships among various parameters of the gamma-rays crammer such as the modulation transfer function (MTF), the noise power spectrum (NPS), the signal-noise ratio (SNR) and the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) are developed and studied experimentally on the cobalt radiation source. The image diagnostic system is consisting with rays-fluorescence convertor (YAG crystal), optical imaging system, MCP image intensifier, CCD camera and other devices. The spatial resolution of the modulation transfer function (MTF) at 10% intensity was measured as 1 lp/mm by knife-edge method. The quantum of the measurement system is about 150 under weak radiation condition due to the single particle detection efficiency of the system. The dynamic range was inferred preliminarily as about 437. The required radiation intensity was calculated using the experiment result for the (SNR) = 1, 5, 10, respectively. The theoretical investigation results show that the radiation image with (SNR) = 1 can be only obtained when the pinhole diameter is 0.7 mm, object distance and image distance are both 200 cm, and the radiation intensity is about 1.0 × 1012 Sr-1·cm-2.","PeriodicalId":14932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation","volume":"47 1","pages":"25-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84252209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

X-Ray Powder Diffraction: Why Not Use CuKβ Radiation? x射线粉末衍射:为什么不使用CuKβ辐射?

Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2018-09-05 DOI: 10.4236/jasmi.2018.83004

H. Otto

引用次数: 0

Improved Method for Determination of Raspberry Ketone in Fragrance Mist by HPLC-Fluorescence Analysis after Pre-Column Derivatization with 4-( N,N -Dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-( N -chloroformylmethyl- N -methylamino)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole 4-(N,N -二甲氨基磺酰基)-7-(N -氯甲酰甲基- N -甲氨基)-2,1,3-苯并恶二唑柱前衍生- hplc -荧光分析香味雾中覆盆子酮的改进方法

Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2018-06-11 DOI: 10.4236/JASMI.2018.82002

Y. Higashi

{"title":"Improved Method for Determination of Raspberry Ketone in Fragrance Mist by HPLC-Fluorescence Analysis after Pre-Column Derivatization with 4-( N,N -Dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-( N -chloroformylmethyl- N -methylamino)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole","authors":"Y. Higashi","doi":"10.4236/JASMI.2018.82002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JASMI.2018.82002","url":null,"abstract":"Raspberry ketone {RK, 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-one} is structurally resembles 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanol, which causes leukoderma on consumers’ skin. Therefore, it is important to measure in cosmetics for quality assessment. Very recently, an HPLC-fluorescence method for determination of RK in a fragrance mist by pre-column derivatization with 4-hydrazino-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole hydrazine was established. However, the derivatization conditions (80°C, 20 min) were severe. In this study, an improved pre-column derivatization with 4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-(N-chloro-formylmethyl-N-methylamino)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-COCl) is presented by HPLC-fluorescence method for determination of RK. The DBD-CO-RK derivative was eluted from a reversed-phase ODS column, and detected with excitation at 440 nm and emission at 543 nm. Derivatization was performed at room temperature for 3 min. The retention time of DBD-CO-RK derivative was 16.8 min. The standard curve was linear in the range of 0.05 to 2.5 μg/mL, with a correlation coefficient (r2) value of 0.9988. The lower limit of detection was 0.01 μg/mL (absolute amount of 0.3 pmol). The coefficients of variation were less than 10.0%. The content of RK in fragrance mist (1.00 mL) was 1.20 ± 0.08 mg (range, 1.10 to 1.31 mg, n = 5). Recovery tests were satisfactory (91.8 ± 5.4%; range, 84.2 to 98.2%, n = 5).","PeriodicalId":14932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation","volume":"107 1","pages":"17-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79329906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

HPTLC-MS as a Neoteric Hyphenated Technique for Separation and Forensic Identification of Drugs 高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术在药物分离和法医鉴定中的应用

Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation Pub Date : 2018-03-28 DOI: 10.4236/JASMI.2018.81001

K. Verma, Manoj Kumar, A. Singh

{"title":"HPTLC-MS as a Neoteric Hyphenated Technique for Separation and Forensic Identification of Drugs","authors":"K. Verma, Manoj Kumar, A. Singh","doi":"10.4236/JASMI.2018.81001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JASMI.2018.81001","url":null,"abstract":"Drugs are traditionally been identified on basis of chromatographic-spectroscopic hyphenated techniques in instrumental analysis. Gas chromatography (GC) and Liquid chromatography (LC) hyphenated with mass spectroscopy (MS) i.e. GC-MS and LC-MS give reliable and confirmatory results in drugs identification. In the present work the novel hyphenated technique High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (HPTLC-MS) has been used. This technique provides efficient, quick and simple method for identification and separation of Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. The drugs under study are Papaverine, Methadone, Cocaine, Ketamine, Caffeine, Codeine, Diazepam, Thebaine, Heroin, Methamphetamine, Carbamazepine, Morphine, Narcotine and Ephedrine. The present study comprising of sixteen drugs has been carried out on CAMAG HPTLC instrument with automatic sampling. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates were developed in various solvent systems, scanned under TLC scanner and the results in terms of Retention Factor (Rf value) and UV spectrum (λmax) are presented in the manuscript. Using hyphenated technique of HPTLC-MS (MS 2020 SHIMADZU) spots of these drugs from TLC plate was lifted with CAMAG TLC-MS interface and confirmed by the mass spectrum of the individual drugs by their m/z values thus delivering fast and accurate confirmatory result on the TLC plate.","PeriodicalId":14932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81481358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4