{"title":"Associations between total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), triglyceride/HDL, neutrophil/HDL, lymphocyte/HDL, platelet/HDL, and cognitive function of older adults: An NHANES analysis.","authors":"Pei-Ning Wang, Shih-Wei Peng, Szu-Ying Lin, Lok-Hi Chow","doi":"10.1177/13872877251364562","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13872877251364562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundDementia affects 50 million globally. Combining hematologic inflammatory parameters with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) has shown potential for predicting neurological diseases, but its link to cognitive function in older individuals is unexplored.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the relationships between these novel biomarkers and cognitive impairment in older adults.MethodsThis retrospective study used data of adults aged ≥60 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014. The analysis examined associations between cognitive impairment and total cholesterol (TC)/HDL, triglyceride (TG)/HDL, monocyte/HDL, neutrophil/HDL, lymphocyte/HDL, and platelet/HDL ratios, using univariate and multivariable logistic regression. Cognitive function was assessed using CERAD, Animal Fluency Test, and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST).ResultsData from 1379 participants (representing 25,173,874 persons in the US) were analyzed. In the multivariable analysis, compared to the lowest quartile, the highest quartile of neutrophil/HDL ratio was significantly associated with increased odds of low cognitive performance (aOR = 1.85) assessed by DSST. In addition, a unit increase in lymphocyte/HDL was significantly associated with higher odds of low cognitive performance (aOR = 1.16). In stratified analyses, neutrophil/HDL was associated with low cognitive performance in participants without CVD (aOR = 2.09), without CKD (aOR = 2.74), and with or without hypertension (aOR = 3.50 and 4.28). Lymphocyte/HDL was significant only among those without hypertension (aOR = 1.93).ConclusionsIncreased neutrophil/HDL and lymphocyte/HDL ratios were significantly associated with lower cognitive performance in older adults, particularly among those without major comorbidities, suggesting their potential for identifying cognitive risk in healthier populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"999-1012"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144955109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Navigating life after diagnosis: Insights from people with early-stage dementia.","authors":"Aderonke Agboji","doi":"10.1177/13872877251364558","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13872877251364558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Receiving an Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis is widely understood as a life-changing event, that is, one that challenges not only memory and cognition but one's sense of identity and agency. By centering the voices of those affected and aligning findings with socioemotional selectivity and continuity theories, the study by Gamm et al. offers valuable insights into individualized care strategies and the importance of emotional resilience and identity preservation in early-stage AD. This commentary situates the study within the broader landscape of dementia care, highlighting its clinical implications for supporting agency, emotional well-being, and identity preservation. It also aims to critically reflect on how coping responses are interpreted in the original study and to advocate for a more nuanced understanding of emotional adaptation in early-stage dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"997-998"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12449608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144789218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kazuo Kitagawa, Hiroshi Yoshizawa, Sono Toi, Kenichi Todo
{"title":"Utility of combination of Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment to predict incident Alzheimer's disease dementia in patients at high vascular risks.","authors":"Kazuo Kitagawa, Hiroshi Yoshizawa, Sono Toi, Kenichi Todo","doi":"10.1177/13872877251365629","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13872877251365629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundScreening for cognitive function, using tests such as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), is the first step in detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. However, the sensitivity of detecting MCI patients who will develop incident Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia in the near future is low.ObjectiveThis study aimed to clarify the utility of the combination of the MMSE and MoCA in selecting patients at a high risk of incident AD dementia.MethodsIn this post-hoc analysis, we derived data from a Japanese observational registry of patients with vascular risk factors. The primary outcome was incident AD dementia. The accepted cutoff values of an MMSE score of 28 and an MoCA score of 26 for MCI were considered.ResultsAfter excluding those who did not undergo the test, 940 patients were included. During a median follow-up period of 4.6 years, incident AD dementia occurred in 49 patients. Patients diagnosed with MCI with MMSE scores <28 or MoCA scores <26 showed a significantly higher risk of AD dementia than those with normal MMSE or MoCA groups. However, patients who met the MCI criteria in only one test showed a risk similar to that of the normal group. In contrast, patients who met the MCI criteria for MMSE and MoCA scores had a 20.65-fold higher risk than those with normal MMSE and MoCA scores.ConclusionsPatients who met the MCI criteria for both the MMSE and MoCA were highly susceptible to incident AD dementia.Clinical Trial RegistrationUMIN000026671.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"1267-1274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea Calderone, Angela Marra, Desirèe Latella, Paolo De Pasquale, Loris Pignolo, Maria Grazia Maggio, Rocco Salvatore Calabrò
{"title":"Cognitive care at your fingertips: A systematic review of telemedicine potential and barriers in rehabilitation for dementia.","authors":"Andrea Calderone, Angela Marra, Desirèe Latella, Paolo De Pasquale, Loris Pignolo, Maria Grazia Maggio, Rocco Salvatore Calabrò","doi":"10.1177/13872877251365565","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13872877251365565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundDementia is characterized by a deterioration in cognitive functions that impacts everyday tasks and overall life quality, with Alzheimer's disease (AD) being the most prevalent form. As dementia progresses, cognitive rehabilitation, often utilized in conjunction with telemedicine, offers significant support via targeted interventions that enhance autonomy and overall quality of life (QoL).ObjectiveThis systematic review aims to explore the potential and barriers of telemedicine-based cognitive stimulation and training programs for individuals with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsStudies were identified from an online search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsychINFO, and Scopus databases conducted up to 19 February 2025. This systematic review has been registered on PROSPERO under the following number: CRD42024615619.ResultsThe studies establish that digital health interventions and telehealth approaches add to the improvement in cognitive rehabilitation among patients with dementia and MCI, by indicating striking improvements not only in cognitive functioning but also in increased support for caregivers. The higher adherence and satisfaction rates with such interventions can be attributed to telemedicine itself and newer technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and transcranial direct current stimulation, which can provide options for personalized and accessible care in neurodegenerative disease management.ConclusionsTelemedicine-based cognitive rehabilitation in dementia patients, not only achieves improved cognitive functioning but also a better QoL and reduced caregiver burden. Further studies are needed to ensure equal implementation and long-term sustainability of these interventions, possibly with the inclusion of newer technologies such as VR and neuromodulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"910-959"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rodrigo Canovas, James D Doecke, Christopher J Fowler, Jurgen Fripp, Xianyu Wang, Jochen F Mueller, Ayomi Jayarathne, Chang He, Ahmed Elagali, Sarah Dunlop, Colin L Masters
{"title":"Association of plastic-associated chemicals with Alzheimer's disease amyloid-β and cognitive status.","authors":"Rodrigo Canovas, James D Doecke, Christopher J Fowler, Jurgen Fripp, Xianyu Wang, Jochen F Mueller, Ayomi Jayarathne, Chang He, Ahmed Elagali, Sarah Dunlop, Colin L Masters","doi":"10.1177/13872877251364559","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13872877251364559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) for ∼20 years prior to dementia onset. Phthalates, routinely added to plastics to increase flexibility, and bisphenol monomers, have been shown to interfere with neural activity/brain function. Phthalate and bisphenol exposure did not show association of individual urinary biomarkers with Aβ or clinical phenotype (mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/AD). Assessing biomarkers in quartiles, low mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), but not other biomarkers of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), was associated with Aβ+ and with having MCI/AD (q < 0.05), while high Bisphenol S (BPS) was associated with Aβ+ (q < 0.05). Mixture analysis shows significant association with MCI/AD but not Aβ.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"986-993"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ran Pang, Jianli Wang, Samika Kanekar, Prasanna Karunanayaka, Gela Beselia, Sangam Kanekar, Mark Meadowcroft, James R Connor, Qing X Yang
{"title":"Linking genetics to MRI-DTI: <i>HFE</i> polymorphism delays Alzheimer's disease white matter degeneration in <i>APOE4</i> carriers.","authors":"Ran Pang, Jianli Wang, Samika Kanekar, Prasanna Karunanayaka, Gela Beselia, Sangam Kanekar, Mark Meadowcroft, James R Connor, Qing X Yang","doi":"10.1177/13872877251363211","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13872877251363211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundWhile <i>APOE4</i> mutation impacts normal myelination through disruptions of iron and lipid homeostasis, the <i>HFE</i> (homeostatic iron regulatory gene) polymorphism directly participates in white matter (WM) myelination and neuroinflammations processes via modulating iron homeostasis.ObjectiveThis study investigated effects of <i>HFE</i> polymorphism in <i>APOE4</i> gene carriers in the context of WM degeneration and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsWM degeneration in AD subjects of <i>APOE4</i> carriers with and without <i>HFE H63D</i> polymorphism was evaluated and compared with age- and sex-matched cognitive normal (CN) groups using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database.ResultsDTI radial and mean diffusivity demonstrated an extensive and precipitous age-related WM degeneration in all the AD groups compared to the CN cohorts. This AD-related WM degeneration, however, was significantly attenuated with <i>HFE H63D</i> polymorphism than that of wildtype along with reduced cognitive decline in the AD group. To link the observed protective effect of <i>HFE H63D</i> polymorphism to WM degeneration and cognitive decline in AD, a mediation model was developed and verified using structure equation modeling. This protective effect of <i>HFE H63D</i> polymorphism on WM is also associated with higher cerebrospinal fluid sTREM2 level.ConclusionsThis is the first genetic-to-imaging study linking <i>HFE</i> polymorphism to WM degeneration and consequentially to cognitive declines in AD. Our data provide original information on the role of iron homeostasis specifically in WM degeneration, which suggests that manipulating iron homeostasis could be incorporated into the overall AD prevention and intervention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"1114-1128"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12449602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simon Duchesne, Olivier Potvin, Carol Hudon, Christian Bocti
{"title":"A brain health framework with application to the study of neurodegeneration.","authors":"Simon Duchesne, Olivier Potvin, Carol Hudon, Christian Bocti","doi":"10.1177/13872877251364867","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13872877251364867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An all-encompassing framework seems necessary for understanding brain health in the context of neurodegeneration, particularly due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). We argue that current views, dominated by the amyloid-beta hypothesis, oversimplify the complexity of brain degeneration. We propose a multi-scale, multi-entity approach, treating the brain as a complex system composed of interacting subsystems across various scales, from the nanoscale (genes and proteins) to the macroscale (cognition) and beyond. By redefining brain health through mathematical complexity, we emphasize the importance of integrating diverse biological, environmental, and lifestyle factors to account for the heterogeneity in AD presentations. This framework suggests that failures at different levels of brain function can lead to cascading effects that influence neurodegenerative trajectories. Additionally, it calls for a shift toward personalized treatment approaches that target multiple yet specific pathological mechanisms affecting an individual. We propose computational models as essential tools for simulating and testing these complex interactions. Through this framework, we aim to provide a deeper understanding of neurodegeneration, and advocate for more comprehensive and multi-factorial approaches in both research and clinical practice to advance the treatment of brain health disorders such as AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"960-972"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12449598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao Chen, Shanshan Zhou, Wenrui Wang, Ziwen Gao, Wei Ye, Wanqiu Zhu, Yun Lu, Ju Ma, Xiaohu Li, Yongqiang Yu, Xiaoshu Li
{"title":"Sex differences in white matter amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation associated with cognitive performance across the Alzheimer's disease continuum.","authors":"Xiao Chen, Shanshan Zhou, Wenrui Wang, Ziwen Gao, Wei Ye, Wanqiu Zhu, Yun Lu, Ju Ma, Xiaohu Li, Yongqiang Yu, Xiaoshu Li","doi":"10.1177/13872877251364722","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13872877251364722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundSex differences in Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression offer insights into pathogenesis and clinical management. White matter (WM) amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), reflecting neural activity, represents a potential disease biomarker.ObjectiveTo explore whether there are sex differences in regional WM ALFF among AD patients, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients, and healthy controls (HCs), how it is related to cognitive performance, and whether it can be used for disease classification.MethodsResting-state functional magnetic resonance images and cognitive assessments were obtained from 85 AD (36 female), 52 aMCI (23 female), and 78 HCs (43 female). Two-way ANOVA examined group × sex interactions for regional WM ALFF and cognitive scores. WM ALFF-cognition correlations and support vector machine diagnostic accuracy were evaluated.ResultsSex × group interaction effects on WM ALFF were detected in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus (<i>F</i> = 20.08, <i>p</i><sub>FDR_corrected</sub> < 0.001), left superior longitudinal fasciculus (<i>F</i> = 5.45, <i>p</i><sub>GRF_corrected</sub> < 0.001) and right inferior longitudinal fasciculus (<i>F</i> = 6.00, <i>p</i><sub>GRF_corrected</sub> = 0.001). These WM ALFF values positively correlated with different cognitive performance between sexes. The support vector machine learning best differentiated aMCI from AD in the full cohort and males (accuracy = 75%), and HCs from aMCI in females (accuracy = 93%).ConclusionsSex differences in regional WM ALFF during AD progression are associated with cognitive performance and can be utilized for disease classification.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"1026-1037"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Steen Gregers Hasselbalch, Birgitte Bo Andersen, Patrick Ejlerskov, Kristian Steen Frederiksen, Jørgen Erik Nielsen, Thomas Rune Nielsen, Anja Hviid Simonsen, Asmus Vogel, Gunhild Waldemar
{"title":"The Danish Dementia Research Centre: Integrating patient care, clinical research, and national educational services.","authors":"Steen Gregers Hasselbalch, Birgitte Bo Andersen, Patrick Ejlerskov, Kristian Steen Frederiksen, Jørgen Erik Nielsen, Thomas Rune Nielsen, Anja Hviid Simonsen, Asmus Vogel, Gunhild Waldemar","doi":"10.1177/13872877251365195","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13872877251365195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Copenhagen Memory Clinic was established in 1995 and since 2007 a new national center for research and education was established, together forming the Danish Dementia Research Centre (DDRC). Our research and innovation programs have continuously been informed by clinical experience and inspired by the needs of our patients. The link between patient care, research, and education forming together a comprehensive dementia center is therefore of crucial importance. In this review, we present an overview of the clinical program at the Copenhagen Memory Clinic, currently receiving 2.000 new referrals per year. We also present the Copenhagen Memory Clinic Cohort and the associated biobank, as well as clinical, translational and epidemiological research programs performed at DDRC during the past 30 years. Funded in part by the Danish Ministry of Health, our national outreach, professional networks and educational programs are also outlined. From its inception and onwards the primary focus of the DDRC has been with the patients, aiming to continuously improve our clinical service based on research and innovation and to improve the quality of care nationwide. We welcome requests for collaboration on research, innovation and education from international colleagues and research centers.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"883-898"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144799164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scarlet Cockell, Herong Wang, Kelly S Benke, Erin B Ware, Kelly M Bakulski
{"title":"Exposures and conditions prior to age 16 are associated with incidence of dementia status among adults in the United States Health and Retirement Study.","authors":"Scarlet Cockell, Herong Wang, Kelly S Benke, Erin B Ware, Kelly M Bakulski","doi":"10.1177/13872877251365283","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13872877251365283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundDementia and cognitive impairment are prevalent conditions, and susceptibility likely begins years before symptoms. Early life has not been comprehensively tested for potential risk factors for dementia.ObjectiveTo explore the associations between childhood conditions and exposures and cognitive impairment in adulthood.MethodsIn the US Health and Retirement Study (normal baseline cognition; n = 16,509; 2008-2018 waves), 31 exposures before age 16 were retrospectively assessed with ten-year incident cognitive status (dementia, impaired, normal). Using parallel modified Poisson models, each exposure was tested with incident cognition, adjusting for sex, baseline age, follow-up, race/ethnicity, personal/parental education.ResultsAmong the analytic sample, participants were mean 61 years of age at baseline and all had normal cognition. During up to 10 years of follow-up, 14.5% developed cognitive impairment and 5.3% developed dementia. Participants with depression during childhood had 1.49 (95%CI:1.2,1.84) times higher risk of incident impairment, relative to normal cognition. Participants with headaches/migraines during childhood had 1.43 (95%CI:1.14,1.79) times higher risk of incidence of dementia. Participants with learning problems during childhood had 1.71 (95%CI:1.44,2.03) times higher risk of incident impairment. Childhood self-rated health of fair (1.59, 95%CI:1.2,2.1) and poor (2.42, 95%CI:1.62,3.61) had higher risk of incidence of dementia, relative to excellent self-rated health. Associations between additional exposures and either incident impairment or dementia did not reach the multiple testing threshold (false discovery rate < 0.01).ConclusionsConditions and exposures during the early life period may be important for later life cognitive impairment or dementia. These findings support extending the relevant dementia risk window to evaluate childhood.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"1168-1186"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144846578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}