Journal of Alzheimer's Disease最新文献

{"title":"Data-driven detection of lucid episodes in advanced dementia: Application of latent class analysis to observational data.","authors":"Haley Colgate Kottler, Andrea Gilmore-Bykovskyi, Amy Cochran, Kimberly Mueller","doi":"10.1177/13872877261445464","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13872877261445464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundLucid episodes (LEs) in advanced dementia are significant clinical events yet are challenging to investigate as they are characterized by a transient and unexpected recovery of abilities and present variably across individuals. Prospective observational studies of LEs in people living with advanced Alzheimer's disease and related dementias currently rely on expert reviewers/informants to detect and confirm LEs, in a process that is arduous and not always feasible.ObjectiveWe seek to examine the utility of data-driven methods for within-person LE detection and determine if such methods need to be individualized.MethodsWe fit multiple latent class analysis (LCA) models to examine longitudinal segments (n = 1283) from video-observations of participants living with advanced dementia (N = 3) who had informant validated LEs using previously established procedures. Fitted models included both individually specified classes and classes constrained to be equal across participants. Estimated classes were compared to the prior informant validations.ResultsModel fit was best with a three-class model, fit separately for each individual. Multiple model fit measures deteriorated when class definitions were constrained to be equal across participants. For each participant, there was a clear candidate lucid class containing the majority of validated LEs.ConclusionsThis report demonstrates the potential for using LCA for data-driven detection of LEs and demonstrates that detection may require participant-level modeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"13872877261445464"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147815589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on memory of post-stroke cognitive impairment patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Fang Liu, Jianhong Wang, Yahong Kang, Guiting Su, Xiaofang Wang","doi":"10.1177/13872877261447431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13872877261447431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundThere is an evident interrelationship between stroke and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a frequently encountered and potentially disabling outcome of stroke. Memory impairment is an important component of the post-stroke cognitive syndrome, and high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) has been widely used for memory in patients with PSCI.ObjectiveIn this study, we systematically evaluated the therapeutic effects of HF-rTMS on memory function in patients with PSCI, offering insights that may also inform the treatment of AD.MethodsAll relevant publications in Chinese and English were systematically searched from ten databases up to March 20, 2025. Retrieved articles were carefully screened. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. The Review Manager 5.4 software was adopted for meta-analysis.ResultsTwenty-one studies of 1746 participants with PSCI were included. Meta-analysis revealed that HF-rTMS ameliorated memory of PSCI patients according to several outcome indicators: Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test [mean difference (MD) = 2.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) (2.08, 3.11), p < 0.00001], forward digit span [MD = 1.79, 95% CI (1.36, 2.22), p < 0.00001] and backward digit span [MD = 1.18, 95% CI (0.77, 1.59), p < 0.00001] of digit span test, Delayed Recall of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MD = 0.53, 95% CI (0.47, 0.59), p < 0.00001]; all p < 0.05.ConclusionsThe HF-rTMS might enhance memory in patients with PSCI, with the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex being the most common stimulation site.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"13872877261447431"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147815607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Alzheimer's disease mortality with metabolic syndrome-related conditions among older adults in the United States, 1999-2020.","authors":"Taha Alam, Dhvanit Rajdeep, Sohaima Kamal, Iman Osman Abufatima, Mominah Majid, Sadaf Siddiqui, Syed Ali Waheed, Areesha Nawaz, Muhammad Shaheer Bin Faheem, Waqas Burney, Aneezeh Khatri, Norina Usman, Noorulain Aqeel","doi":"10.1177/13872877261445035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13872877261445035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) among patients with metabolic syndrome-related conditions is a global threat, contributing significantly to escalating mortality and economic burden. They demonstrate analogous pathophysiologies and risk determinants, highlighting the necessity for addressing this critical issue.ObjectiveThis study analyzed demographic trends and disparities of AD with metabolic syndrome-related conditions among patients aged 75 and above from 1999 to 2020.MethodsThis study examined the death certificates sourced from the CDC-WONDER database from 1999 to 2020, to analyze age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 population. The Joinpoint regression model was used to assess trends in overall demographics, geographic, and place-of-death variables.ResultsThere were 2,355,233 deaths documented with AD listed as the underlying cause of death among older adults (aged ≥75), out of which 444,488 deaths were related to metabolic syndrome-related conditions from 1999 to 2020. The AAMR rose substantially from 36.48 in 1999 to 157.93 in 2020. Women consistently had higher AAMRs than males (females: 107.79, males: 79.02). Non-Hispanic African Americans (121.65) showed the highest mortality rates among all racial groups. However, from 1999 to the early to mid-2000s, all races highlighted a sharp peak in mortality rates. Striking geographical disparities were noted, with Mississippi in the top 90^th percentile and Massachusetts in the lower 10^th percentile.ConclusionsThis study reveals the demographic and geographic variations in mortality rates, highlighting the modalities of interventions and the need for equitable healthcare access.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"13872877261445035"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147815583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing professional caregiver burden related to patient agitation in dementia: A systematic review of measurement scales.","authors":"Keisuke Onuki, Yoshiyuki Nishio","doi":"10.1177/13872877261430767","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13872877261430767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundAgitation is a common behavioral and psychological symptom of dementia that places significant burden on caregivers. While its impact on family caregivers is well-documented, its effect on professional caregivers remains underexplored. Additionally, it is unclear whether existing caregiver burden scales adequately capture the International Psychogeriatric Association's (IPA) definition of agitation. Since agitation requires different treatment approaches than cognitive impairment, its distinct burden warrants further investigation.ObjectiveThis systematic review examined scales used to assess professional caregiver burden related to agitation in dementia.MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, and ICHUSHI for English and Japanese articles published during January 1980-August 2024. Studies included professional caregivers, either exclusively or alongside informal caregivers. Key outcomes were the number and frequency of scales, target population, and agitation coverage within the scales.ResultsWe identified 52 articles: 22 focused exclusively on professional caregivers, and 30 included both types. Publications involving both caregiver types increased notably in the last decade. Across studies, 39 scales were used. The Zarit Burden Interview (n = 21) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (n = 15) were most frequent. Sixteen scales targeted the general population; 11 each were designed for professional and informal caregivers, and one for both. Most scales did not fully reflect the IPA's definition of agitation. Scales for professional caregivers also included work-related factors like coworker conflicts and administrative workload.ConclusionsThere is a critical gap in validated scales to measure agitation-related burden in professional dementia caregivers. Specialized tools are urgently needed to assess this burden and guide support strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"115-124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147468021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CTAD 2025: Key trends redefining therapeutic and diagnostic strategies in Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Min Yuan, Huang-Yan Zhou","doi":"10.1177/13872877261430764","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13872877261430764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article synthesizes key themes emerging from the CTAD 2025 meeting, highlighting significant advances in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research and clinical practice. New disease-modifying approaches-ranging from next-generation anti-amyloid-β and anti-tau antibodies to small-molecule aggregation inhibitors and gene-based strategies-underscore a growing shift toward multi-target therapeutic frameworks. Blood-based biomarkers, such as p-tau217, p-tau181, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and neurofilament light, are nearing clinical readiness, while digital biomarkers and wearable technologies are enabling remote, continuous assessment of cognitive and physiological functions. Clinical trial design is increasingly oriented toward earlier disease stages and genetically or biomarker-defined high-risk groups, incorporating adaptive methodologies and real-world data to enhance efficiency and generalizability. Collectively, these developments signal an impending transition over the next two to three years from a centralized, cognitive scale-driven model of AD care to a more decentralized, biomarker-guided precision paradigm. CTAD 2025 thus marks a pivotal inflection point in the evolving structure of AD diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"56-62"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147463360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From autopsy to PET to cerebrospinal fluid to blood: Quantifying reference-standard dependence in Alzheimer's disease amyloid biomarker validation.","authors":"Khushboo Verma, Satwant Kumar","doi":"10.1177/13872877261430858","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13872877261430858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundBlood-based biomarkers are increasingly used as scalable front-line tools for Alzheimer's disease amyloid evaluation, but most are validated against amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rather than neuropathology. In a chained validation cascade (neuropathology→PET→CSF→blood), reported performance may depend strongly on the comparator and on how \"gray-zone\" (indeterminate) results are handled.ObjectiveTo quantify benchmark dependence and gray-zone policy sensitivity in amyloid biomarker validation and characterize plasma-to-neuropathology performance inference from imperfect proxies.MethodsWe assembled a fully auditable evidence core spanning the amyloid cascade with reconstructable 2 × 2 tables. We recomputed positive percent agreement (PPA) and negative percent agreement (NPA) with 95% Wilson confidence intervals under a prespecified primary policy (exclude indeterminates) and two sensitivity policies (indeterminate→negative; indeterminate→positive). Reference-swap drift across benchmarks was summarized with Monte Carlo uncertainty intervals. For plasma-to-neuropathology inference, we combined plasma-PET agreement with tracer-specific PET-autopsy anchors and reported (i) chained-proxy point implications under conditional independence and (ii) partial-identification bounds without conditional independence across prevalence scenarios (π = 10-50%).ResultsUnder the primary policy, Lumipulse plasma pTau217/Aβ42 showed similar agreement across PET, CSF, and composite comparators (PPA 0.97-0.98; NPA ≈0.91), with drift intervals spanning zero. Indeterminates were frequent (∼19-20%) and dominated apparent shifts: indeterminate→negative reduced PPA by 0.13-0.21, whereas indeterminate→positive reduced NPA by 0.17-0.21. Chained-proxy implications for plasma versus neuropathology varied by PET tracer anchor (sensitivity 0.86-0.96; specificity 0.81-0.91), while bounds were wider (sensitivity 0.83-1.00; specificity 0.81-0.98).ConclusionsGray-zone policy is a first-order driver of reported blood-test performance, and proxy-to-proxy agreement does not uniquely identify plasma-to-neuropathology accuracy without explicit assumptions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"184-198"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147498986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-pharmaceutical interventions for persons living with young-onset dementia and their informal caregivers: A systematic review with meta-analysis.","authors":"Magdalena Vogt, Nicole Helfenberger, Christian Appenzeller-Herzog, Laura Adlbrecht, Julian Hirt","doi":"10.1177/13872877261429998","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13872877261429998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundYoung-onset dementia (YOD) causes major life disruptions and emotional strain for both persons living with YOD and their informal caregivers. Non-pharmaceutical interventions may help to improve quality of life and reduce stress.ObjectiveWe aimed at investigating the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions for persons living with YOD and their informal caregivers and to explore the intervention characteristics.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review including randomized and non-randomized controlled trials (PROSPERO: CRD42025645744). We searched major bibliographic databases and performed citation and web searches. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts. For data extraction, we used Elicit, an artificial intelligent research assistant; with extractions confirmed by a human reviewer. The methodological quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). We performed a narrative synthesis based on a harvest plot. When appropriate, we performed meta-analyses.ResultsWe found 9 trials assessing interventions on education and information or skills building interventions that were published between 1990 and 2024 (median sample size: 58). Meta-analyses revealed no statistically significant impact on behavioral outcomes, activities of daily living, and quality of life of persons living with YOD and no statistically significant impact on burden, depression and anxiety, and quality of life of informal caregivers.ConclusionsEvidence on the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions for persons living with YOD and their informal caregivers is limited and inconsistent. Further, larger, and multiple randomized controlled trials assessing the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions with comparable outcomes, standardized measurements, and longer follow-ups are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"73-89"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147485574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between adverse experiences throughout the life-course and risk of dementia in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.","authors":"Katherine Taylor, Laura D Howe, Rebecca E Lacey, David Carslake, Emma Anderson, Naaheed Mukadam","doi":"10.1177/13872877261431801","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13872877261431801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundPrevious studies investigating associations between adverse experiences across the life-course and dementia consider a narrow range of experiences and use sum scores which assume each experience has the same impact on dementia risk.ObjectiveTo develop a greater understanding of how patterns of adversity influence associations with dementia through consideration of timing, type and cumulation of adverse experiences.MethodsThe English Longitudinal Study of Ageing measured adverse life experiences in a life history interview. Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate associations between dementia and three types of exposure: sum scores, individual experiences, and categories of similar experiences. We used linear hypothesis testing to assess whether associations between each experience and dementia differed significantly.ResultsA linear relationship between dementia and number of adult adverse experiences (HR:1.09, 95% CI:1.01-1.16), but not total or childhood experiences, was observed. When adverse experiences were considered separately, child abuse was associated with a 74% higher hazard of dementia (HR:1.74, 95% CI:1.25-2.43) and adult economic hardship was associated with a 32% higher hazard of dementia (HR:1.32, 95% CI:1.06-1.66). Associations between dementia and adverse experiences in childhood were heterogenous, showing greater variability than expected about a common hazard ratio (p = 0.01).ConclusionsAdulthood adverse experiences associate with dementia in a cumulative risk manner. In childhood, only abuse was associated with dementia. Use of sum scores to operationalize adverse experiences throughout the life-course may oversimplify associations with dementia. Both type and timing of experience influence the association. Work to prevent adverse experiences must span the life-course.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"410-421"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between loneliness, cognition, and dementia among Unites States older adults.","authors":"Carmen J W Chek, Shanmin Sultana, Katherine Knauft, Wassim Tarraf","doi":"10.1177/13872877261432202","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13872877261432202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundThe \"loneliness epidemic\" is a major public health concern, and its effects can be especially adverse in older adults.ObjectiveThe current study used longitudinal data to investigate the associations between loneliness, cognitive function and decline, and dementia risk.MethodsData were derived from older adults (<i>n</i> = 5730 at the baseline) who participated in the 2008-2018 Health and Retirement Study (HRS). We fit cross-lagged panel as well as linear and logistic regression models, accounting for the complex design of HRS, to assess the bi- and uni-directional relationship between loneliness and cognitive function/decline/dementia risk, sequentially adjusting for social determinants of health, health conditions, and functional limitations. We tested for modifications by race/ethnicity.ResultsWe found low support for a bidirectional association between loneliness and cognitive function. Instead, higher levels of loneliness were linked to more pronounced cognitive decline as well as a higher risk of dementia prevalence and incidence, irrespective of race/ethnicity. Education partially attenuated the relationship, and overall functional limitations further reduced the associations.ConclusionsFindings suggest that education and overall functional limitations can play an important role through several pathways, such as increasing social engagement, facilitating social support and cognitive stimulation, and thus reducing the impact of loneliness on cognitive decline and dementia risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"371-384"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147716795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between lipid levels and dementia risk among older Ghanaian adults.","authors":"Foster Appiah, David Larbi Simpong, Esther Marfo, George Nkrumah Osei, Maxwell Hubert Antwi, Kwaku Sarfo Manu, John Dogah, Ansumana Bockarie","doi":"10.1177/13872877261430772","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13872877261430772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundDementia is an escalating global public health concern, with Alzheimer's disease accounting for the largest proportion of cases. However, evidence on its association with lipid abnormalities remains limited in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan AfricaObjectiveTo examine the association between lipid profile parameters and dementia risk among older adults in Ghana.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using records from 16 individuals diagnosed with dementia and 28 age-matched controls. Lipid levels including total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, non-HDL cholesterol, and coronary risk index, were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression.ResultsDementia cases had higher median levels of total cholesterol (5.29 versus 4.69 mmol/L), triglycerides (1.20 versus 0.86 mmol/L), low-density lipoprotein (3.38 versus 2.75 mmol/L), non-HDL cholesterol (3.89 versus 3.23 mmol/L), and coronary risk index (5.18 versus 3.15) compared to controls. Elevated coronary risk was strongly associated with dementia (aOR = 13.87, p = 0.010), indicating a markedly increased likelihood of cognitive impairment among individuals with higher cardiovascular risk. However, none of the individual lipid levels remained significant after adjustment for hypertension and the potential confounding effects of each lipid parameter on the others.ConclusionsOverall cardiovascular risk, rather than isolated lipid markers, appears more relevant in dementia risk assessment among older Ghanaian adults. Early evaluation and management of coronary risk may play a critical role in dementia prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"167-173"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147432945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}