Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Research advances in intramuscular fat deposition and chicken meat quality: genetics and nutrition","authors":"Jianlou Song, Zengpeng Lv, Yuming Guo","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01234-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01234-5","url":null,"abstract":"Chicken meat quality directly influences consumer acceptability and is crucial for the economic success of the poultry industry. Genetics and nutrition are key determinants of the meat quality traits in broilers. This review summarizes the research advances in this field, with a focus on the genetic and nutritional foundations that regulate intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition and meat quality in chickens over the past decade. The effects of embryonic nutrition, both maternal nutrition and in ovo feeding (IOF), on skeletal muscle development, the IMF content, and meat quality traits in broilers are also discussed. In genetics, single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that de novo lipogenesis predominantly occurs in myocytes, which is key to the formation of IMF in chicken muscle tissue. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is the key enzyme involved in this process. This discovery has reshaped the traditional understanding of intramuscular lipid metabolism in poultry. Key genes, proteins, and pathways, such as FASN, FABP4, PPARG, C/EBPα, SLC27A1; LPL, APOA1, COL1A1; PPAR and ECM–receptor interactions signaling, have been identified to regulate IMF content and distribution by modulating fatty acid metabolism and adipogenesis. LncHLFF was innovatively found to promote ectopic IMF deposition in chickens via exosome-mediated mechanisms without affecting abdominal fat deposition. MiR-27b-3p and miR-128-3p were found to inhibit adipogenic differentiation by targeting PPARG, thereby affecting IMF formation. In nutrition, nutrigenomics research has shown that fructose enhances IMF deposition by activating ChREBP, providing new targets for nutritional interventions. Adjusting dietary components, including energy, protein, amino acids, fatty acids, and phytochemicals (e.g., rutin), has been shown to significantly improve meat quality in broilers. Maternal nutrition (e.g., intake of energy, amino acids, vitamins, and trace elements) and IOF (e.g., N-carbamylglutamate) have also been confirmed to significantly impact offspring meat quality, opening new avenues for improving embryonic nutrition. Based on these significant advancements, this review proposes strategies that integrate genetic and nutritional approaches. These strategies aim to modulate the differentiation fate of paraxial mesenchymal stem cells toward myogenic or adipogenic lineages and the interaction between muscle and adipose tissues. These insights would help to improve meat quality while ensuring the growth performance of broiler chickens. ","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"84 1","pages":"100"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144640392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proline-driven metabolic reprogramming promotes skeletal muscle hypertrophy and oxidative myofiber specification in porcine offspring: a stage-optimized maternal nutritional intervention","authors":"Jun Huang, Kaidi Ma, Junyi Wu, Shuangbo Huang, Zihao Huang, Yujiao Chen, Shijian Zhou, Hefeng Luo, Chengquan Tan","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01232-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01232-7","url":null,"abstract":"While maternal proline (Pro) supplementation has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing placental angiogenesis and farrowing efficiency in swine, its regulatory role in fetal skeletal muscle ontogeny remains undefined. This study systematically evaluated the temporal-specific impacts of dietary Pro supplementation during critical phases of fetal myogenesis (encompassing primary myofiber formation and secondary myofiber hyperplasia) on offspring muscle development. A total of 120 sows with similar farrowing schedules were assigned to three groups: CON (basal diet), ST-Pro (0.5% Pro supplementation during secondary myofiber formation period, from d 60 gestation to farrowing), LT-Pro (0.5% Pro supplementation spanning primary and secondary myofiber formation period: from d 20 gestation to farrowing). LT-Pro group significantly increased the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle mass per unit body weight in newborn piglets compared to CON group (P < 0.05), while no such effect was observed in the ST-Pro group. Metabolomic profiling revealed elevated Pro, lysine, and tryptophan levels in the LD muscle of LT-Pro group piglets, accompanied by reduced branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; leucine, isoleucine, and valine) in both serum and muscle (P < 0.05). Histological analysis demonstrated a 45.74% increase in myofiber cross-sectional area in the LT-Pro group (P < 0.05). At the molecular level, LT-Pro group piglets exhibited upregulated mRNA expression levels of myogenic regulatory genes (MYOD1, MYF6) and the cell cycle accelerator CCND1 (P < 0.05), coupled with activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway (phosphorylated STAT3 protein increased by 2.53-fold, P < 0.01). Furthermore, Pro supplementation enhanced oxidative metabolism, evidenced by elevated mitochondrial biogenesis markers (the mRNA expression levels of PPARGC1A, OPA1, and SQSTM1) and a 61.58% increase in succinate dehydrogenase activity (P < 0.05). Notably, LT-Pro group piglets showed a selective shift toward slow-twitch oxidative fibers, with both MyHC1 mRNA and protein expression levels significantly upregulated (P < 0.05), while the mRNA expression levels of MyHCIIb showed no significant change. This study identified the primary fiber formation period as a critical window. Supplementation with Pro during G20–114 reprogrammed offspring skeletal muscle development through STAT3-CCND1-mediated myoblast proliferation, enhanced mitochondrial bioenergetics, and oxidative fiber specification. However, no such effects were observed during G60–114. These findings propose maternal Pro intervention as a novel strategy to enhance muscle yield and metabolic efficiency in swine production, with potential applications for improving meat quality traits linked to oxidative muscle phenotypes. ","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144629621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal multi-target mechanisms of tannins against Clostridium perfringens and necrotic enteritis","authors":"Huiping Xu, Lu Gong, Yuming Guo","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01228-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01228-3","url":null,"abstract":"Clostridium perfringens is a pathogen that secretes multiple toxins, impacting humans and animals. It can cause intestinal diseases such as necrotic enteritis. Although tannins inhibit C. perfringens proliferation, the precise underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics to systematically investigate the mechanism by which tannins, specifically pentagalloylglucose (PGG) and tannic acid (TA), inhibit C. perfringens and potential pathways to alleviate infection in vivo. Ion concentration measurements, flow cytometric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy revealed that PGG and TA damaged the cell membrane structure of C. perfringens, triggering cytoplasmic content leakage. Additionally, PGG and TA significantly affected C. perfringens at the transcriptional and metabolic levels. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that PGG and TA induced amino acid restriction, disrupted energy metabolism, and impeded the ability of C. perfringens to sense and respond to the external environment. In an in vitro C. perfringens-infected intestinal cell model, PGG and TA bound α toxin, significantly reduced the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors, and improved intestinal barrier function and cell viability. Compared to PGG, TA exhibited stronger inhibitory activity against C. perfringens and binding to α toxin. In vivo, PGG and TA alleviated C. perfringens-induced weight loss in mice, improved intestinal villi morphology, and reduced intestinal inflammation and tight junction gene dysregulation. These findings indicate that tannins inhibit C. perfringens, improve gut tissue integrity and reduce inflammation, demonstrating their multi-target effects of resisting intestinal diseases caused by harmful bacteria. This offers new insights for plant polyphenol-based strategies against necrotic enteritis. ","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"7 1","pages":"98"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144622337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomics and cytokine array jointly reveal the role of macrophage proinflammatory shift in liver fibrosis in dairy cows with ketosis","authors":"Shiquan Zhu, Moli Li, Yihui Huo, Qiqi Cao, Zhaoju Deng, Kui Li, Yuxin He, Jian Gao, Chuang Xu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01219-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01219-4","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in macrophage function are crucial contributors to hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. However, the role of macrophages in the development of liver fibrosis in dairy cows with ketosis remains unclear. This study integrated proteomics and cytokine array approach to identify the multifactorial and multicellular interaction effects driving liver fibrosis in dairy cows with ketosis and analyze the mechanism by which the proinflammatory shift in macrophages contributes to liver fibrosis. Histopathological analysis revealed liver injury, including severe steatosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, an increase in lipid deposition, and a decrease in glycogen expression in ketotic cows. Moreover, the number of mitochondria considerably increased in hepatocytes. The activation of the dynamin-related protein 1/mitochondrial fission factor (DRP1/MFF) pathway induced excessive mitochondrial fission, and the inhibition of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 (Nrf2/HO-1) pathway led to the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Proteomic analysis revealed the activation of extracellular matrix (ECM)-related functions and the NF-κB pathway in the liver, whereas cytokine array analysis revealed that the cytokine network was dysregulated. The accumulation of ROS triggered NF-κB nuclear translocation, inducing a proinflammatory shift in macrophages and liver inflammation. M1 polarization of macrophages promotes the release of proinflammatory mediators, which stimulated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation, leading to ECM deposition, ultimately contributing to liver fibrosis. To summarize, our study revealed the multifactorial and multicellular interaction effects driving liver fibrosis. Our results preliminarily showed that increased mitochondrial fission and inhibition of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway are key factors in activating macrophages, which can lead to liver fibrosis in dairy cows with ketosis.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144578467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding amylolytic and fibrolytic exogenous enzymes in feedlot diets: effects on ruminal parameters, nitrogen balance and microbial diversity of Nellore cattle","authors":"Igor Machado Ferreira, Hilario Cuquetto Mantovani, Fiorella Viquez-Umana, Yury Tatiana Granja-Salcedo, Luiz Fernando Costa e Silva, Anne Koontz, Vaughn Holder, James Eugene Pettigrew, Arlan Araújo Rodrigues, Aline Naime Rodrigues, Mateus José Inácio de Abreu, Saulo Teixeira Rodrigues de Almeida, Pedro Marcus Pereira Vidigal, Gustavo Rezende Siqueira, Flávio Dutra de Resende","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01226-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01226-5","url":null,"abstract":"The environmental impact of feedlot operations is a growing concern, as cattle excrete a significant portion of feed nutrients as waste. Exogenous feed enzymes (EFE) have gained interest for their potential to enhance feed efficiency in ruminants by improving nutrient digestion. However, EFE effects on ruminal parameters have shown inconsistencies, with limited research on nitrogen metabolism and rumen microbiome impacts. Moreover, the synergistic effects of combining different EFEs remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of individual and combined EFE products in feedlot diets on ruminal fermentation parameters, nitrogen metabolism, and ruminal microbial communities. Ten rumen-cannulated Nellore steers [543 ± 28.6 kg of body weight (BW)] were distributed in a replicated Latin-square design (5 × 5) in individual pens. Treatments included: control (CON, no EFE supplementation), amylase [AML, 0.5 g/kg of diet dry matter (DM)], xylanase (FBL, 0.9 g/kg DM), half dose combination (HD, 0.25 g of AML + 0.45 g of FBL/kg of DM), and full dose combination (FD, 0.5 g of AML + 0.90 g of FBL/kg of DM). The experimental period lasted 19 d and included total urine and feces collection (d 15 to 18) and rumen fluid sampling (d 19) at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 h post-feeding for ammonia, volatile fatty acids (VFA), pH and microbiome analysis. EFE supplemented animals exhibited lower ruminal ammonia concentrations (P = 0.040), and higher acetate proportions (P < 0.001) compared to the control group. EFE supplementation resulted in reduced nitrogen (N) excretion in feces (P = 0.049) and urine (P = 0.036), contributing to improved N retention and efficiency (P = 0.045). Additionally, EFE products induced shifts in various microbial taxa at family and genera levels (P ≤ 0.10), which may be associated with the changes observed in ruminal fermentation. Our findings demonstrate that EFE supplementation enhances nitrogen retention, reduces ruminal ammonia, and alters ruminal fermentation profiles and microbial populations in feedlot cattle. While the expected synergism between amylase and xylanase did not significantly impact rumen fermentation parameters, it did induce shifts in the rumen microbiome. These results suggest that EFE supplementation may be a promising strategy for improving nutrient utilization and potentially reducing the environmental impact of feedlot operations.\u0000","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-cultivation of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus subtilis mediates the gut-muscle axis affecting pork quality and flavor","authors":"Zhixin Lin, Xinchen Zhou, Tingting Lu, Wendong An, Shenghao Chen, Suchen Li, Hui Miao, Xinyan Han","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01229-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01229-2","url":null,"abstract":"Pork quality and flavor are critical determinants of consumer preference, yet the role of gut microbiota in shaping meat characteristics remains underexplored. In this study, we investigated how a probiotic consortium (FAM: Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus subtilis) modulates the gut-muscle axis to enhance pork flavor. In finishing pigs, FAM supplementation significantly increased flavor-associated nucleotides and umami-enhancing amino acids in longissimus dorsi muscle. Metagenomic analysis revealed FAM-driven enrichment of glycan-degrading Prevotella and short-chain fatty acid-producing Phascolarctobacterium, accompanied by reduced antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors. Spearman correlation linked Prevotella copri abundance with elevated muscle amino acids, suggesting microbial-encoded CAZymes as key mediators. This study provides the first evidence that probiotic-induced gut microbiota remodeling enhances pork flavor through metabolic cross-talk along the gut-muscle axis. The findings suggest a novel strategy for improving pork quality via dietary interventions targeting gut microbiota.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"10 1","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144533983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grass hay mixed-in creep feed or separately-fed differentially affects digestive development in pre- and post-weaning piglets","authors":"Renjie Yao, Tetske G. Hulshof, Hubèrt M. J. van Hees, An Cools, Mattijs Merckx, Dominiek Maes, Geert P. J. Janssens","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01227-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01227-4","url":null,"abstract":"Based on observations in feral pigs, the role of dietary fibre and structure may be underestimated in suckling piglet nutrition. This study investigated the effect of grass hay offered to suckling piglets either separately or included in their creep feed, combined with nursery diets with or without grass pellet inclusion on growth performance and gastrointestinal development. Thirty-six litters (14–15 piglets per litter) were divided into three equal groups of 12 litters per treatment during the suckling phase: control group (CON) received regular creep feed; GH group received chopped grass hay as-is in separate feeders alongside regular creep feed; PGH group received regular creep feed but barley and wheat were replaced by 28% grass pellets. After weaning (d 23), each litter was split into two dietary treatments in a split-plot design (pre-wean treatment as main plot). Two of the pre-wean diets were also offered until d 14 post-weaning, i.e., CON (CON nursery diet, CON-C, GH-C, PGH-C) and PGH (GH nursery diet, CON-GH, GH-GH, PGH-GH). Thereafter, transitioning to a diet containing 13% wheat/barley or grass pellets, respectively, until d 39 post-weaning. Gastrointestinal morphology, gene expression of intestinal nutrient transporters and barrier proteins, metabolite profile and microbiota were assessed on the day before weaning, d 10 and d 38 post-weaning. A total of 24 piglets were sacrificed at each dissection point. At weaning, GH group had consumed 7 g/piglet grass hay, and PGH group had consumed 46 g/piglet creep feed. One day before weaning, GH piglets showed heavier emptied small intestine (P = 0.044) and colon (P = 0.065), higher SCFA production in proximal segments and lower SCFA production in colon (P &lt; 0.05). Higher abundance of Prevotellaceae NK3b31 group was observed in caecal and colonic content of PGH compared to GH group (P &lt; 0.05), and PGH group showed a lower energy conversion ratio (net energy intake/gain, P = 0.035). Following weaning, GH nursery group had a reduced average daily gain (226 vs. 183 g, P &lt; 0.001) during d 0–14, while this group showed compensatory growth afterwards (P = 0.056). Main plot effects on increased expressions of CLDN3 and FFAR2 were observed in GH and PGH by d 38 post-weaning (P &lt; 0.05). An interaction effect showed greater luminal abundance of the Prevotellaceae NK3b31 group in GH-GH and PGH-GH groups compared to CON-GH on d 38. The GH nursery diet showed a better energy conversion ratio (P = 0.006) with no influence on body weight and their SCFA production shifted towards proximal segments. In conclusion, feeding a structured and fibre-rich diet to suckling piglets enhance their digestive tract development and adapt their microbiome to fibre digestion in later life. Maintaining a fibre-rich diet from suckling to nursery is recommended, though this come with a transient reduction in weight gain caused by lower feed intake that, however, can be recovered afterwards accompanied with an optimized energy ","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144520781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hermetia illucens oil vs. hydrogenated palm fat in dairy cow nutrition: effects on digestive parameters, oxidative stress, and milk production performance","authors":"Lara Rastello, Laura Gasco, Mauro Coppa, Mathieu Gerbelle, Stefania Colombini, Marco Battelli, Paola Badino, Luca Vernetti-Prot, Pablo G. Toral, Alberto Brugiapaglia, Giulia Gardini, Vanda Malfatto, Isabelle Constant, Alessandro Galli, Christophe Trespeuch, Manuela Renna","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01222-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01222-9","url":null,"abstract":"Scant information is currently available on the use of insect oils in ruminant diets. Insect oils could be used as alternatives to certain conventional plant lipid sources that are considered no longer sustainable. This trial aims at evaluating the effects of the dietary inclusion of Hermetia illucens oil (HIO) vs. hydrogenated palm fat (HPF) on digestive parameters, oxidative stress, and milk production performance of dairy cows. Twenty-six Valdostana Red Pied cows were randomly divided into two groups and fed with hay ad libitum and a concentrate containing 3% (as fed) of either HPF or HIO. The trial lasted 50 d, including two weeks of diet adaptation. Individual feed intake and milk yield were monitored three and four times a week, respectively. Fecal samples were collected at the end (d 50) of the trial to determine total-tract nutrients apparent digestibility. Individual blood samples were collected to evaluate blood plasma metabolites (d 0 and d 50) and oxidative stress parameters (d 0, d 26 and d 50). Milk samples were collected at d 0, d 14, d 26, d 38 and d 50 for chemical composition analysis. Feed efficiency was estimated through feed conversion ratio and residual feed intake (RFI). Data were analyzed by SAS software using a mixed model. The diet had no effect on nutrients intake and apparent total-tract digestibility. However, the dietary inclusion of HIO led to higher milk production (+ 0.82 kg/cow/d; P < 0.05) and slightly lower RFI (−0.008; P < 0.001) when compared to the HPF diet. Milk composition and the nutritional metabolic status of the cows remained unaffected by diet. Serum antioxidant capacity was comparable between the two groups, while lower derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolite concentrations were observed in the HIO-fed cows when compared to the HPF-fed ones (−37.13 Carratelli Units; P < 0.001). The dietary inclusion of HIO instead of HPF did not negatively affect feed palatability and total-tract apparent digestibility of nutrients in dairy cows. Furthermore, it increased feed efficiency by supporting a higher milk production together with an improved antioxidant status. The results suggest that HIO could be an eligible option as an innovative energy source for dairy cows.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"182 1","pages":"90"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144488758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circ-0000197 derived from porcine milk small extracellular vesicles promotes intestinal barrier function by sponging miR-429","authors":"Yuxuan Wang, Bilan Chen, Tingzhou Xuan, Kun Ouyang, Jingshen Chen, Hailong Wang, Junyi Luo, Jiajie Sun, Qianyun Xi, Yongliang Zhang, Ting Chen","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01218-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01218-5","url":null,"abstract":"As an essential source of nutrients for young mammals, milk possesses a variety of biological functions. Recently identified milk-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV) have shown potential regulatory effects on intestinal health. Current studies have highlighted the functional roles of milk-derived sEV and their RNA cargo in promoting intestinal health. However, there is a paucity of research demonstrating how milk-derived sEV influence intestinal barrier function through the transport of circRNAs. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of porcine milk sEV (PM-sEV) circRNA on intestinal barrier function. We systematically identified the circRNAs involved in this process and analyzed the miRNAs through which PM-sEV deliver circRNAs to regulate intestinal barrier function. Our findings revealed that PM-sEV promote the expression of the intestinal tight junction proteins ZO-1 and Occludin, both in vivo (mice) and in vitro (IPEC-J2). When PM-sEV RNA was reduced using ultrasound treatment, their ability to enhance intestinal barrier function was significantly reduced. Bioinformatics analysis showed that circ-0000197, present in PM-sEV, can target miR-429, while miR-429 has the ability to target the 3'-UTR of ZO-1 and Occludin. Furthermore, experiments involving the overexpression or inhibition of the relevant non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) demonstrated that circ-0000197 significantly enhances intestinal barrier function, whereas miR-429 exerts an inhibitory effect on this function. Overall, our findings identify circ-0000197 in PM-sEV as a crucial circRNA that regulates intestinal barrier function by inhibiting miR-429. Circ-0000197 carried by PM-sEV acts as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) that regulates the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin by sponging miR-429, thereby promoting intestinal barrier function at both the cellular and in vivo levels. These findings emphasize the vital role of circRNAs transported through milk-derived sEV in regulating intestinal health, offering new avenues for developing innovative functional milk components. This mechanism also underscores the importance of PM-sEV carrying circ-0000197 in preserving intestinal barrier integrity. Collectively, this study enhances our understanding of the complex regulatory networks involving PM-sEV carrying circRNAs and their impact on intestinal health.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":"89"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144479233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevotella stercorea increases fat deposition in Jinhua pigs fed alfalfa grass-based diets","authors":"Qifan Zhang, Man Du, Yutian Shen, Xiaoxi Lu, Mingliang Jin, Yizhen Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01217-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01217-6","url":null,"abstract":"Fat is a key component of body composition in both humans and animals, with intramuscular fat (IMF) being a critical determinant of pork quality. Higher IMF level enhances meat qualities such as flavor, tenderness, and juiciness, directly influencing consumer preference and market demand. Therefore, identifying microbial biomarkers associated with fat deposition is essential for improving meat quality in livestock and understanding how gut microbiota regulates host metabolism. In this study, we examined changes in meat quality, fat metabolism, and gut microbiota during the pig life cycle, from weaning to marketing. We found that Jinhua pig exhibited higher IMF content and marbling score, and higher α diversity of colonic microbial communities. Microbiome Multivariate Association with Linear Models was used to identify the core genera associated with age, breed, and feed, and Prevotella was found to respond to both age and breed factors. The correlation analysis of fat deposition indicators with microbial genera revealed that Prevotella was a potential biomarker in response to IMF. In addition, the P. stercorea DSM 18206 (P. stercorea) was identified in porcine sample and administered to pseudo sterile mouse to examine the effect on IMF deposition. We found that the gavage of P. stercorea with alfalfa-enriched diet led to a significant increase in triglyceride (TG) and IMF contents in muscle. Metabolomic analysis further confirmed P. stercorea may potentially regulate fat deposition through the sphingolipid signaling pathway. We identified P. stercorea as a potential biomarker linked to higher IMF deposition and validated their role in shaping the gut microbiota and promoting fat accumulation in a mouse model, which correlated with the sphingolipid signaling pathway. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of P. stercorea in regulating fat deposition and metabolic health, offering implications for improving both livestock meat quality and lipid metabolism in humans.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"36 1","pages":"88"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144371179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}