Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Sorghum surpasses wheat as a feed grain for broiler chickens following dietary crude protein reductions","authors":"Mengzhu Wang, Mehdi Toghyani, Shemil P. Macelline, Andreas Lemme, Andrew J. Holmes, Peter H. Selle, Sonia Y. Liu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-024-01147-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-024-01147-9","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat and, to a lesser extent, sorghum are the dominant feed grains in Australian chicken-meat production. There is considerable local interest in the development of reduced-crude protein (CP) broiler diets in part because this would decrease the need to import soybean meal into the country. Maize is rarely included in Australian broiler diets, but birds appear better able to accommodate dietary CP reductions with maize than with wheat-based diets. Sorghum is more similar to maize than wheat and for this reason wheat- and sorghum-based diets, with standard and reduced-CP concentrations, were evaluated in broiler chickens in a direct comparison. Reducing dietary CP from 205 to 175 g/kg CP did not statistically influence weight gain and FCR in broilers offered sorghum-based diets from 14 to 35 d post-hatch. In contrast, the 30 g/kg CP reduction compromised weight gain by 10.1% (1,964 versus 2,187 g/bird) and FCR by 9.68% (1.575 versus 1.436), in broilers offered wheat-based diets. Consequently, treatment interactions (P < 0.001) were observed for dietary CP levels grain type for both weight gain and FCR. Another treatment interaction (P < 0.001) was observed for starch digestibility coefficients in the distal jejunum. Birds offered 205 g/kg CP, wheat-based diets had superior starch digestibility by 11.6% (0.914 versus 0.819), but sorghum supported superior starch digestibility by 9.70% (0.837 versus 0.763) in the context of 175 g/kg CP diets. Under the condition of thid study, broiler chickens offered sorghum-based diets had a greater capacity to accommodate dietary CP reductions than their counterparts offered wheat-based diets. This study confirmed that wheat-based diets are not conducive to CP reductions, but the causal factors have yet to be identified precisely.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143192155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel protein encoded by porcine circANKRD17 activates the PPAR pathway to regulate intramuscular fat metabolism","authors":"Xiao He, Fang Xie, Ying Nie, Xuefeng Wang, Junyi Luo, Ting Chen, Qianyun Xi, Yongliang Zhang, Jiajie Sun","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01153-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01153-5","url":null,"abstract":"Intramuscular fat is an important factor in evaluating pork quality and varies widely among different pig breeds. However, the regulatory mechanism of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in lipid metabolism remains largely unexplored. We combined circRNA-seq and Ribo-seq data to screen a total of 18 circRNA candidates with coding potential, and circANKRD17 was found to be significantly elevated in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Lantang piglets, with a length of 1,844 nucleotides. Using single-cell sequencing, we identified 477 differentially expressed genes in IMF cells between Lantang and Landrace piglets, with enrichment in the PPAR signaling pathway. These genes included FABP4, FABP5, CPT1A, and UBC, consistent with the high levels of acylcarnitines observed in the longissimus dorsi muscles of the Lantang breed, as determined by lipidomic analysis. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that circANKRD17 can regulate lipid metabolism through various mechanisms involving the PPAR pathway, including promoting adipocyte differentiation, fatty acid transport and metabolism, triglyceride synthesis, and lipid droplet formation and maturation. In addition, we discovered that circANKRD17 has an open reading frame and can be translated into a novel 571-amino-acid protein that promotes lipid metabolism. Our research provides new insights into the role of protein-coding circANKRD17, especially concerning the metabolic characteristics of pig breeds with higher intramuscular fat content.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143125328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory signatures involved in the cell cycle pathway contribute to egg production heterosis in chicken","authors":"Jingwei Yuan, Yuanmei Wang, Yanyan Sun, Yunlei Li, Aixin Ni, Qin Li, Hanhan Yang, Xinying Xu, Yunhe Zong, Hui Ma, Jilan Chen","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01156-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01156-2","url":null,"abstract":"Crossbreeding is widely promoted as an efficient strategy to improve the productivity in agriculture. The molecular mechanism underlying heterosis for egg production is always intriguing in chicken. The transcriptional dynamic changes play a crucial role in the formation of heterosis, but little is known for the egg production traits. In present study, we measured the continuous manifestation of heterosis ranging from 2.67% to 10.24% for egg number in the crossbreds generated by reciprocal crossing White Leghorn and Beijing You chicken. The high-quality transcriptomes of ovary for purebreds (WW and YY) and crossbreds (WY and YW) in 5 laying stages were sequenced and integrated to identify regulatory networks relevant to the heterosis. We found highly conserved transcriptional features among 4 genetic groups. By using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we obtained multiple gene co-expression modules that were significantly correlated with egg number for each group. The common KEGG pathways including apelin signaling pathway, cell cycle, ribosome, spliceosome and oxidative phosphorylation, were screened for the 2 crossbreds. Then, we identified consensus co-expression modules (CMs) that showed divergent expression pattern among crossbred (WY or YW) and purebreds (WW and YY). The hub genes of CMs were again overrepresented in the cell cycle pathway, and the crossbreds exhibited temporally complementary dominance of hub genes in the 5 laying stages. These results suggested that the crossbreds inherited from both parents to maintain the ovary function by cell cycle-related genes, contributing to the persistent heterosis for egg production. Furthermore, the dominant genes including MAD2L1, CHEK2 and E2F1 were demonstrated to function in ovarian follicle development and maturation and could be the candidate genes for egg production heterosis. Our study characterized the dynamic profile of genome-wide gene expression in ovary and highlighted the role of dominant expression of cell cycle pathway genes in heterosis. These findings provided new insights for the molecular mechanism of egg production heterosis, which would facilitate the rational choice of suitable parents for producing crossbred chickens with higher egg production.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomics, network pharmacology, and microbiome analyses uncover the mechanisms of the Chinese herbal formula for the improvement of meat quality in spent hens","authors":"Zhihua Li, Md. Abul Kalam Azad, Chengwen Meng, Xiangfeng Kong, Jue Gui, Wenchao Lin, Yadong Cui, Wei Lan, Qinghua He","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01150-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01150-8","url":null,"abstract":"Meat originating from the spent hen is an important source of poultry meat production; however, multiple factors cause the decline in the meat quality of spent hens. Chinese herbs have been widely used as medicine for a long time to prevent diseases and as nutrient supplements to improve the product quality. This experiment explored the effects of adding 1.0% Chinese herbal formula (CHF, including 0.30% Leonurus japonicus Houtt., 0.20% Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., 0.25% Ligustrum lucidum Ait., and 0.25% Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.) for 120 d to the spent hens’ diet through metabolomics, network pharmacology, and microbiome strategies. The results indicated that CHF supplementation improved the meat quality by reducing drip loss (P < 0.05), b* value (P = 0.058), and shear force (P = 0.099) and increasing cooked meat percentage (P = 0.054) and dry matter (P < 0.05) of breast muscle. The addition of CHF improved the nutritional value of breast muscle by increasing (P < 0.05) the content of C18:2n-6, n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), total PUFA, PUFA-to-saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratio, and hypocholesterolemic-to-hypercholesterolemic ratio, and tending to increase serine content (P = 0.069). The targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that the biosynthesis of SFA, linoleic acid metabolism, fatty acid degradation, fatty acid elongation, and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways were enriched by CHF supplementation. Furthermore, the network pharmacology analysis indicated that CHF was closely associated with oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. The CHF supplementation increased the glutathione peroxidase level (P < 0.05) and upregulated gene expression related to the Nrf2 pathway (including HO-1, P < 0.05; Nrf2, P = 0.098; CAT, P = 0.060; GPX1, P = 0.063; and SOD2, P = 0.052) and lipid metabolism (including PPARγ, P < 0.05; SREBP1, P = 0.059; and CPT1A, P = 0.058). Additionally, CHF supplementation increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, and Synergistetes abundances (P < 0.05), which may contribute to better meat quality. Our results suggest that CHF supplementation improved the quality and nutritional value of meat, which will provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of CHF as a feed additive in spent hens’ diets. ","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring single cell microbial protein as a sustainable fishmeal alternative in yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) diets: impacts on health and gut microbiome","authors":"Luke Pilmer, Lindsey Woolley, Alan Lymbery, Chinh Dam, Abigail Elizur, Md Javed Foysal, Gavin Partridge","doi":"10.1186/s40104-024-01146-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-024-01146-w","url":null,"abstract":"With the global expansion of aquaculture and the increasing demand for fish meal, identifying appropriate and sustainable alternative protein sources for aquafeeds has become essential. Single-cell protein (SCP), derived from methanotrophic bacteria, presents a promising alternative by converting methane into protein, potentially addressing both the need for alternative protein sources and reducing industrial greenhouse gas emissions. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of SCP inclusion (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% fish meal replacement) on the health, gene expression, and gut microbiome of yellowtail kingfish (YTK, Seriola lalandi) following a 35-day growth trial. The study found that SCP inclusion at the highest level of fishmeal replacement (75%) induced a mild inflammatory response in the hindgut of the fish. However, micromorphological assessments of the hindgut, serum biochemistry, and gene expression analyses revealed no significant detrimental effects from SCP replacement. Notably, there were indications of improved lipid digestibility with SCP. Furthermore, SCP inclusion significantly enhanced microbial richness and altered the composition of the gut microbiome, introducing beneficial bacterial taxa that may contribute to improved gut health and resilience. This study highlights SCP as a viable and sustainable alternative to fish meal in YTK diets. The findings suggest that SCP can be included in YTK diets without adverse health effects at moderate levels and may even offer benefits in terms of lipid digestibility and gut microbiome diversity. These results contribute to the advancement of more sustainable aquaculture practices.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"β-Hydroxybutyrate-induced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release mediated innate inflammatory response in bovine mammary epithelial cells by inhibiting autophagy","authors":"Yihui Huo, Taiyu Shen, Tianyin Feng, Moli Li, Wanli Zhao, Juan J. Loor, Ben Aernouts, Androniki Psifidi, Chuang Xu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-024-01143-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-024-01143-z","url":null,"abstract":"In perinatal dairy cows, ketosis is a prevalent metabolic disorder that lowers milk output and performance. Mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic inflammation in mammary tissue are linked to elevated blood ketone levels, particularly β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Recent research has linked cytosolic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) with chronic aseptic inflammation by activating the cGAS-STING pathway during metabolic disorders, while autophagy activation effectively reverses this process. However, whether it is involved in mammary gland damage during ketosis is poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of mtDNA-induced inflammation under BHB stress and evaluate the potential therapeutic strategy of autophagy activation in mitigating this damage. Our study found an increased cytoplasmic mtDNA abundance in mammary gland tissues of dairy cows with ketosis and bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T) subjected to BHB stress. Further investigations revealed the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway and inflammatory response, indicated by elevated levels of cGAS and STING, along with increased phosphorylation levels of TBK1, P65, and IκB, and higher transcript levels of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1B, IL-6, and TNF-α) in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Notably, STING inhibition via si-STING transfection reversed BHB-induced inflammation. Additionally, autophagy activation appeared to protect against BHB stress by facilitating the removal of cytoplasmic mtDNA and preventing cGAS-STING pathway-mediated inflammation. The findings illustrate that elevated BHB levels lead to the release of cytoplasmic mtDNA, which in turn activates the cGAS-STING pathway and triggers an inflammatory response in the mammary glands during hyperketonemia. Conversely, autophagy activation has been shown to alleviate this process by promoting cytoplasmic mtDNA degradation. ","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yeast cell wall polysaccharides accelerate yet in-feed antibiotic delays intestinal development and maturation via modulating gut microbiome in chickens","authors":"Fangshen Guo, Jianing Qiao, Zeqiong Hu, Jia Huang, Ruichen Bi, Waseem Abbas, Wenrui Zhen, Yuming Guo, Zhong Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40104-024-01145-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-024-01145-x","url":null,"abstract":"It is important to promote intestinal development and maturation of chicks for feed digestion and utilization, intestinal health, and disease resistance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary yeast cell wall polysaccharides (YCWP) addition on intestinal development and maturation of chickens and its potential action mechanism. 180 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned to three groups containing control (basal diets without any antibiotics or anticoccidial drug), bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD)-treated group (50 mg/kg) and YCWP-supplemented group (100 mg/kg). Compared with control group, in-feed antibiotic BMD continuous administration significantly decreased crypt depth (d 21) and villus height (d 42) along with mucosal maltase activity (d 42) in the ileum (P < 0.05). Also, BMD markedly downregulated gene expression levels of β-catenin, lysozyme, occludin and FABP-2 (d 21) and innate immune related genes CD83 and MHC-I mRNA levels (d 42, P < 0.05), and decreased goblet cell counts in the ileum of chickens (d 21 and d 42, P < 0.05). While, TLR-2, TLR-6 and iNOS mRNA abundances were notably upregulated by BMD treatment (d 42, P < 0.05). Nevertheless, dietary YCWP addition significantly increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (d 21), villus surface area (d 21 and d 42), ileal alkaline phosphatase and maltase activities as well as goblet cell (d 21 and d 42) and IgA-producing plasma cell numbers as compared to BMD treatment (d 21, P < 0.05). YCWP addition also upregulated gene expression levels of Lgr5, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related gene (Wnt3, β-catenin, d 21; β-catenin, d 42), intestinal cells proliferation marker Ki-67 and barrier function related genes (occludin, d 21 and d 42, P < 0.05). Moreover, YCWP significantly increased antigen presenting cell marker related genes (MHC-II, d 21; CD83 and MHC-I, d 42), TLR-1, TLR-2 and TLR-6 mRNA levels (d 21, P < 0.05). Cecal microbiome analysis showed that YCWP addition obviously improved cecal microbial composition, as indicated by increasing relative abundance of Fournierella, Psychrobacter and Ruminiclostridium on d 21, and Alistipes and Lactobacillus on d 42, which were positively related with gut development and maturation related indexes (P < 0.05). Collectively, YCWP promoted yet antibiotic BMD delayed intestinal morphological and immunological development linked with modulating gut microbiome in chickens.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of spray dried plasma on litter growth performance and oxidative stress and inflammation of sows kept in a hot environment","authors":"Hannah M. Bailey, Natalia S. Fanelli, Joy M. Campbell, Hans H. Stein","doi":"10.1186/s40104-024-01139-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-024-01139-9","url":null,"abstract":"Feeding spray dried plasma (SDP) to weanling pigs improves growth, but there is a lack of research on how SDP impacts oxidative stress and inflammatory response in lactating sows, and performance of their piglets after weaning. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that sows fed a diet with SDP in late gestation and lactation have improved reproductive performance and reduced inflammation compared with sows fed no SDP. The second hypothesis was that pigs weaned from sows fed 0.5% SDP in lactation have reduced diarrhea incidence and improved growth performance during the initial 14 d of the nursery period regardless of dietary SDP. The percent of low vitality or starved pigs during lactation was less (P < 0.05) from sows fed 0.5% dietary SDP compared with sows fed the diet without SDP. Dietary SDP did not influence oxidative stress markers in the plasma of sows, but serum cytokines increased (P < 0.05) in sows fed the diet with 0.5% SDP compared with sows fed the diet without SDP. Pigs weaned from young sows fed no SDP or from mature sows fed 0 or 0.5% SDP had a greater gain to feed ratio when fed a phase 1 diet containing 6% SDP compared with pigs fed a diet without SDP, but the gain to feed ratio of pigs weaned from young sows fed 0.5% dietary SDP was not affected by dietary SDP in phase 1 (interaction, P < 0.05). Regardless of sow treatment, pigs fed a phase 1 diet with 6% SDP had greater (P < 0.05) growth performance than pigs fed a phase 1 diet without SDP, and pigs fed the phase 1 diet with 6% SDP had reduced (P < 0.05) diarrhea incidence in phase 1. Feeding 0.5% dietary SDP to sows may reduce the number of mummified pigs and increase pig vitality during lactation, but adding 0.5% SDP to sow diets during lactation did not improve post-weaning performance of pigs fed a starter diet with 6% SDP.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slowly digestible starch impairs growth performance of broiler chickens offered low-protein diet supplemental higher amino acid densities by inhibiting the utilization of intestinal amino acid","authors":"Caiwei Luo, Yao Yu, Gang Meng, Jianmin Yuan","doi":"10.1186/s40104-024-01142-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-024-01142-0","url":null,"abstract":"The synchronized absorption of amino acids (AAs) and glucose in the gut is crucial for effective AA utilization and protein synthesis in the body. The study investigated how the starch digestion rate and AA levels impact intestinal AA digestion, transport and metabolism, breast muscle protein metabolism, and growth in grower broilers. A total of 720 21-day-old healthy male Arbor Acres Plus broilers were randomly assigned to 12 treatments, each with 6 replicates of 10 birds. The treatments comprised 3 different starch [corn: control, cassava: rapidly digestible starch (RDS), and pea: slowly digestible starch (SDS)] with 4 different AA levels [based on standardized ileal digestible lysine (SID Lys), 0.92%, 1.02% (as the standard), 1.12% and 1.22%]. An interaction between dietary starch sources and SID Lys levels significantly affected breast muscle yield (P = 0.033). RDS and SDS diets, or SID Lys levels of 0.92%, 1.02%, or 1.22%, significantly decreased the breast muscle yield of broilers in contrast to the corn starch diet with 1.12% SID Lys (P = 0.033). The SID Lys levels of 1.12% and 1.22% markedly improved body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG) from 22 to 42 days of age, and mRNA expression of y+LAT1 and mTOR while reducing feed intake (FI) and feed/gain ratio (F/G) compared to the 0.92% SID Lys level (P < 0.05). The SDS diet significantly decreased BW and BWG of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age, distal ileal starch digestibility, jejunal amylase and chymotrypsin activities, and mRNA expression of GLUT2 and y+LAT1 compared to the corn starch diet (P < 0.05). The RDS diet suppressed the breast muscle mass by down-regulating expression of mTOR, S6K1, and eIF4E and up-regulating expression of MuRF, CathepsinB, Atrogin-1, and M-calpain compared to the corn starch diet (P < 0.05). Targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that the SDS diet significantly increased acetyl-CoA and α-ketoglutaric acid levels in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (P < 0.05) but decreased the ileal digestibility of Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Gly, Pro, Arg, Ile, and Val compared to the corn starch group (P < 0.05). The SDS diet impaired broiler growth by reducing intestinal starch digestibility, which inhibited intestinal AA and glucose absorption and utilization, increased AA oxidation for energy supply, and lowered the efficiency of protein synthesis. Although the RDS diet resulted in growth performance similar to the corn starch diet, it reduced breast muscle mass by inhibiting protein synthesis and promoting degradation. ","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143020659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary supplementation of blend of organic acids and monoglycerides alleviated diarrhea and systemic inflammation of weaned pigs experimentally infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F18","authors":"Sangwoo Park, Shuhan Sun, Supatirada Wongchanla, Ying Chen, Xunde Li, Yanhong Liu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-024-01148-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-024-01148-8","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of antibiotic resistant microorganisms associated with conventional swine production practices has increased interest in acid-based compounds having antimicrobial properties and other biological functions as nutritional interventions. Despite the interest in organic acids and monoglycerides, few studies have examined the effects of the combination of these acid-based additives in weaned pigs under disease challenge conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with blend of organic acids and/or medium-chain fatty acid monoglycerides on intestinal health and systemic immunity of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F18 at 4-week of age. Dietary supplementation of organic acids, monoglycerides, or both organic acids and monoglycerides (combination) reduced (P < 0.05) the diarrhea frequency of ETEC F18-infected pigs throughout the experimental period (d −7 to 21 post-inoculation). This is consistent with the reduced (P < 0.05) proportion of β-hemolytic coliforms in feces observed for the organic acid and combination treatments on d 10 post-inoculation. Supplementation of organic acids, monoglycerides, or combination also reduced (P < 0.05) bacterial translocation in mesenteric lymph nodes on d 21 post-inoculation. Pigs fed with monoglycerides or combination had lower (P < 0.05) white blood cells on d 5 post-inoculation, and pigs fed the combination also had lower (P < 0.05) lymphocytes than pigs in control group. Monoglyceride supplementation increased (P < 0.05) white blood cells and neutrophils compared with control group on d 14 post-inoculation. However, supplementation with organic acid blend, monoglyceride blend, or combination did not affect growth performance in this experiment. Supplementation with monoglycerides or organic acids alone or in combination improves the detrimental effects of ETEC F18 infection in weaned pigs, as indicated by reduced diarrhea, fecal shedding of β-hemolytic coliforms, and bacterial translocation, and thus enhancing disease resistance. Monoglycerides reduced the inflammatory response during peak infection, but their immunomodulatory and possible synergistic effects with organic acids need to be further investigated.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142992765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}