Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Gut microbiota modulate intestinal inflammation by endoplasmic reticulum stress-autophagy-cell death signaling axis","authors":"Feiyang He, Yi Zheng, Mabrouk Elsabagh, Kewei Fan, Xia Zha, Bei Zhang, Mengzhi Wang, Hao Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01196-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01196-8","url":null,"abstract":"The intestinal tract, a complex organ responsible for nutrient absorption and digestion, relies heavily on a balanced gut microbiome to maintain its integrity. Disruptions to this delicate microbial ecosystem can lead to intestinal inflammation, a hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While the role of the gut microbiome in IBD is increasingly recognized, the underlying mechanisms, particularly those involving endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy, and cell death, remain incompletely understood. ER stress, a cellular response to various stressors, can trigger inflammation and cell death. Autophagy, a cellular degradation process, can either alleviate or exacerbate ER stress-induced inflammation, depending on the specific context. The gut microbiome can influence both ER stress and autophagy pathways, further complicating the interplay between these processes. This review delves into the intricate relationship between ER stress, autophagy, and the gut microbiome in the context of intestinal inflammation. By exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions, we aim to provide a comprehensive theoretical framework for developing novel therapeutic strategies for IBD. A deeper understanding of the ER stress-autophagy axis, the gut microbial-ER stress axis, and the gut microbial-autophagy axis may pave the way for targeted interventions to restore intestinal health and mitigate the impact of IBD. ","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactate induces oxidative stress by HIF1α stabilization and circadian clock disturbance in mammary gland of dairy cows","authors":"Juan Feng, Lei Zhu, Cunman He, Ruidong Xiang, Jianxin Liu, Jie Cai, Diming Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01181-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01181-1","url":null,"abstract":"Lactate is a classical byproduct of glucose metabolism, and the main lactate production pathway depends on glycolysis. Lactate stabilized HIF1α by inhibiting PHD activity, leading to hypoxic stress response and exacerbating glycolysis in multiple tissues. However, the redox induction mechanism of lactate in mammary gland has not been understood yet. Herein, we describe a lactate-responsive HIF1α/circadian control mechanism in oxidative stress in the mammary glands of dairy cows. The in vivo study showed that dairy cows with high lactate concentrations are associated with reduced milk yield and more ROS accumulation in mammary gland. Western blot results in MAC-T cells showed positive correlation between lactate concentrations, expression of HIF1α and oxidative stress indicators, but not circadian core components. To test how lactate-mediated HIF1α dysfunction leads to cell protection process, we investigated altered expression of circadian core related genes following HIF1α stabilization. We found that stabilized HIF1α by lactate inhibited stimulated expression of circadian core components due to the similarity of HRE and E-box transcription elements. Furthermore, we found that lactate treatment strengthened the binding of HIF1α with BMAL1, HMOX1 and FOXO3 in MAC-T cells. Moreover, HIF1α knockdown altered expression of circadian rhythm related genes and reduced oxidative stress state. In summary, our study highlights the central role of competitive transcriptional element occupancy in lactate-mediated oxidative stress of mammary gland, which is caused by HIF1α stabilization and circadian rhythm dysfunction. Our findings introduce a novel nutritional strategy with potential applications in dairy farming for optimizing milk production and maintaining mammary gland health.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal amino acid system for early embryo development in sows based on response surface methodology and high-throughput screening cell models","authors":"Xinyu Wang, Jun Huang, Yanlong Li, Zhekun Zhu, Bangxin Xue, Yueyang Meng, Jiale Bao, Ran Ning, Siyu Li, Fang Chen, Shihai Zhang, Xiangzhou Zeng, Shuang Cai, Chuanjiang Cai, Xiangfang Zeng","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01194-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01194-w","url":null,"abstract":"Early embryo development plays a pivotal role in determining pregnancy outcomes, postnatal development, and lifelong health. Therefore, the strategic selection of functional nutrients to enhance embryo development is of paramount importance. In this study, we established a stable porcine trophectoderm cell line expressing dual fluorescent reporter genes driven by the CDX2 and TEAD4 gene promoter segments using lentiviral transfection. Three amino acid metabolites—kynurenic acid, taurine, and tryptamine—met the minimum z-score criteria of 2.0 for both luciferase and Renilla luciferase activities and were initially identified as potential metabolites for embryo development, with their beneficial effects validated by qPCR. Given that the identified metabolites are closely related to methionine, arginine, and tryptophan, we selected these three amino acids, using lysine as a standard, and employed response surface methodology combined with our high-throughput screening cell model to efficiently screen and optimize amino acid combination conducive to early embryo development. The optimized candidate amino acid system included lysine (1.87 mmol/L), methionine (0.82 mmol/L), tryptophan (0.23 mmol/L), and arginine (3 mmol/L), with the ratio of 1:0.43:0.12:1.60. In vitro experiments confirmed that this amino acid system enhances the expression of key genes involved in early embryonic development and improves in vitro embryo adhesion. Transcriptomic analysis of blastocysts suggested that candidate amino acid system enhances early embryo development by regulating early embryonic cell cycle and differentiation, as well as improving nutrient absorption. Furthermore, based on response surface methodology, 400 sows were used to verify this amino acid system, substituting arginine with the more cost-effective N-carbamoyl glutamate (NCG), a precursor of arginine. The optimal dietary amino acid requirement was predicted to be 0.71% lysine, 0.32% methionine, 0.22% tryptophan, and 0.10% NCG for sows during early gestation. The optimized amino acid system ratio of the feed, derived from the peripheral release of essential amino acids, was found to be 1:0.45:0.13, which is largely consistent with the results obtained from the cell model optimization. Subsequently, we furtherly verified that this optimal dietary amino acid system significantly increased total litter size, live litter size and litter weight in sows. In summary, we successfully established a dual-fluorescent high-throughput screening cell model for the efficient identification of potential nutrients that would promote embryo development and implantation. This innovative approach overcomes the limitations of traditional amino acid nutrition studies in sows, providing a more effective model for enhancing reproductive outcomes.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary L-leucine supplementation improves ruminal fermentation parameters and epithelium development in fattening Angus beef cattle","authors":"Jishan An, Yu Ge, Huitian He, Hao Ge, Jing Li, Zhiqing Li, Lei Liu, Zuo Wang, Xinyi Lan, Weijun Shen, Anwei Cheng, Fachun Wan","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01190-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01190-0","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effects of L-leucine (Leu) on rumen fermentation parameters, rumen epithelium development, amino acid composition, rumen bacterial communities and rumen metabolites in beef cattle were investigated. Twenty-four fattening Angus females of similar initial weight (575.5 ± 22.1 kg) were randomly assigned to 2 treatments with 4 replicate pens (3 cattle per pen). They were fed either a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 6.0 g L-Leu/100 kg BW/d for 120 d. (1) Leu increased the ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acid (VFA) (P = 0.017), propionate (P = 0.023), isovalerate (P = 0.001), and branched-chain volatile fatty acid (BCVFA) (P = 0.01) at 4 h post-feeding. It also tended to increase acetate (P = 0.083) and decrease the ammonia-N (NH3-N) concentration (P = 0.055), but it did not affect ruminal pH (P > 0.1). Leu also increased microbial crude protein (MCP) (P = 0.026) at 4 h post-feeding, but decreased MCP at 8 h post-feeding (P = 0.010). (2) Supplementation with L-Leu increased the ruminal concentrations of phenylalanine (P = 0.011), lysine (P = 0.034), and tyrosine (P = 0.033), while decreasing the cystine concentration (P = 0.010). (3) Leu increased the thickness of the stratum spinosum and basal (P < 0.05), while decreasing the thickness of the stratum granulosum (P < 0.05). (4) Leu upregulated the relative mRNA abundance of genes involved in tight junction proteins (P < 0.05) and VFA absorption and metabolism (P < 0.01) in the rumen epithelium. This upregulation was positively correlated with the concentrations ruminal isovalerate and BCVFA (P < 0.01). (5) L-Leu did not affect the diversity and richness of ruminal microbes (P > 0.05), but differential bacterial biomarkers (LEfSe, LDA > 2) were either positively or negatively correlated with ruminal MCP, NH3-N, and BCVFA concentrations (P < 0.001). Additionally, differential bacterial metabolites (OPLS-DA, VIP > 1.5) were primarily enriched in the amino acid metabolism pathway and the cofactors and vitamins metabolism pathway (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with L-Leu altered rumen fermentation parameters and patterns, improved rumen epithelial morphology, and enhanced the expression of genes related to VFA absorption and metabolism in the rumen epithelium of beef cattle.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detoxification of coumarins by rumen anaerobic fungi: insights into microbial degradation pathways and agricultural applications","authors":"Yuqi Li, Jian Gao, Yaxiong Cao, Xinming Cheng, Zhanying Sun, Jiyu Zhang, Weiyun Zhu, Martin Gierus, Yanfen Cheng","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01195-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01195-9","url":null,"abstract":"Coumarins are toxic phytochemicals found in a variety of plants and are known to limit microbial degradation and interfere with nutrient cycling. While the degradation of coumarins by fungi has been studied in an environmental context, little is known about their degradation in the gastrointestinal system of herbivores after ingestion. In this study, we investigated in vitro fermentation by microbial enrichment, transcriptome sequencing, and high-resolution mass spectrometry to evaluate the ability of rumen anaerobic fungi to degrade coumarins. The results showed that despite the low abundance of anaerobic fungi in the rumen microbiota, they were able to effectively degrade coumarins. Specifically, Pecoramyces ruminantium F1 could tolerate coumarin concentrations up to 3 mmol/L and degrade it efficiently via metabolic pathways involving alpha/beta hydrolases and NAD(P)H oxidoreductases within the late growth phase. The fungus metabolized coumarin to less toxic compounds, including o-coumaric acid and melilotic acid, highlighting the detoxification potential of anaerobic fungi. This study is the first to demonstrate the ability of rumen anaerobic fungi to degrade coumarin, providing new insights into the use of anaerobic fungi in sustainable agricultural practices and environmental detoxification strategies.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143841490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ROS-DRP1-mediated excessive mitochondrial fission and autophagic flux inhibition contribute to heat stress-induced apoptosis in goat Sertoli cells","authors":"Fei Wen, Jiajing Gao, Guoyu Zhang, Songmao Guo, Xing Zhang, Shuaiqi Han, Xianzou Feng, Xiaoxu Chen, Jianhong Hu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01180-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01180-2","url":null,"abstract":"Heat stress (HS) poses a significant threat to male goat reproduction. Sertoli cells (SCs) provide both structural and nutritional support necessary for germ cells. HS induces physiological and biochemical changes in SCs. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms involved are still not fully understood. Melatonin is a classic antioxidant that can alleviate HS-induced male reproductive damage. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which melatonin mitigates damage to goat testicular SCs remain unclear and require further investigation. In this study, an in vivo heat stress model was established in goats. The results showed that HS exposure led to testicular injury, abnormal spermatogenesis and apoptosis of SCs. To elucidate the mechanism of HS-induced SC apoptosis, primary SCs were isolated and cultured from goat testes, then exposed to HS. HS exposure increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential in SCs. Additionally, HS increased the expression of mitochondrial fission proteins 1 (FIS1) and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) while decreasing the expression of mitochondrial fusion proteins Mitofusin 1 (MFN1), Mitofusin 2 (MFN2), and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1). This resulted in excessive mitochondrial fission and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Mdivi-1 (DRP1 inhibitor) reduces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis by inhibiting excessive mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial fission is closely related to mitophagy. HS activated upstream mitophagy but inhibited autophagic flux, disrupting mitophagy and exacerbating mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Finally, the classical antioxidant melatonin was shown to reduce mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in SCs exposed to HS by decreasing ROS levels, restoring mitochondrial homeostasis, and normalizing mitophagy. In summary, these findings indicated that the mechanism of HS-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in SCs is mediated by hyperactivation of the ROS-DRP1-mitochondrial fission axis and inhibition of mitochondrial autophagy. Melatonin inhibited HS-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in SCs by restoring mitochondrial homeostasis. This study enhances the understanding of the mechanisms through which heat stress triggers apoptosis and provides a vision for the development of drugs against HS by targeting mitochondria in goats. ","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143837084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on the microbial metabolism and transport of polyamines and their roles in animal gut homeostasis","authors":"Chong Zhang, Yongkang Zhen, Yunan Weng, Jiaqi Lin, Xinru Xu, Jianjun Ma, Yuhong Zhong, Mengzhi Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01193-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01193-x","url":null,"abstract":"Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are aliphatic compounds ubiquitous in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Positively charged polyamines bind to negatively charged macromolecules, such as nucleic acids and acidic phospholipids, and are involved in physiological activities including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and gene regulation. Intracellular polyamine levels are regulated by biosynthesis, catabolism and transport. Polyamines in the body originate from two primary sources: dietary intake and intestinal microbial metabolism. These polyamines are then transported into the bloodstream, through which they are distributed to various tissues and organs to exert their biological functions. Polyamines synthesized by intestinal microorganisms serve dual critical roles. First, they are essential for maintaining polyamine concentrations within the digestive tract. Second, through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, these microbial-derived polyamines modulate the expression of genes governing key processes in intestinal epithelial cells—including proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and cell–cell interactions. Collectively, these regulatory effects help maintain intestinal epithelial homeostasis and ensure the integrity of the gut barrier. In addition, polyamines interact with the gut microbiota to maintain intestinal homeostasis by promoting microbial growth, biofilm formation, swarming, and endocytosis vesicle production, etc. Supplementation with polyamines has been demonstrated to be important in regulating host intestinal microbial composition, enhancing nutrient absorption, and improving metabolism and immunity. In this review, we will focus on recent advances in the study of polyamine metabolism and transport in intestinal microbes and intestinal epithelial cells. We then summarize the scientific understanding of their roles in intestinal homeostasis, exploring the advances in cellular and molecular mechanisms of polyamines and their potential clinical applications, and providing a rationale for polyamine metabolism as an important target for the treatment of intestinal-based diseases. ","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Florfenicol-induced dysbiosis impairs intestinal homeostasis and host immune system in laying hens","authors":"Keesun Yu, Inhwan Choi, Minseong Kim, Young Jin Pyung, Jin-Sun Lee, Youbin Choi, Sohyoung Won, Younghoon Kim, Byung-Chul Park, Seung Hyun Han, Tae Sub Park, Tina Sørensen Dalgaard, Cheol-Heui Yun","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01186-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01186-w","url":null,"abstract":"Despite growing concerns about the adverse effects of antibiotics in farm animals, there has been little investigation of the effects of florfenicol in laying hens. This study examined the effect of florfenicol on the intestinal homeostasis, immune system, and pathogen susceptibility of laying hens. The oral administration of florfenicol at field-relevant levels for 5 d resulted in a decrease in the gut microbiota genera Lactobacillus, Bacillus, and Bacteroides, indicating the development of intestinal dysbiosis. The dysbiosis led to decreased mRNA levels of key regulators peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), compromising intestinal hypoxia. Intestinal homeostasis was also disrupted, with decreased expression of Occludin and Mucin 2 (Muc2) genes combined with increased gut epithelial permeability. The breakdown in intestinal homeostasis and immune function provided a favorable environment for opportunistic bacteria like avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), culminating in systemic infection. Immunologically, florfenicol treatment resulted in increased proportion and absolute number of MRC1L-B+ monocytes/macrophages in the spleen, indicating an exacerbated infection. Furthermore, both the proportion and absolute number of γδ T cells in the lamina propria of the cecum decreased. Treatment with florfenicol reduced butyrate levels in the cecum. However, the administration of butyrate before and during florfenicol treatment restored factors associated with intestinal homeostasis, including PPAR-γ, Occludin, and Muc2, while partially restoring HIF-1α, normalized intestinal hypoxia and gut permeability, and reversed immune cell changes, suppressing APEC systemic infection. The uncontrolled and widespread use of florfenicol can negatively affect intestinal health in chickens. Specifically, florfenicol was found to impair intestinal homeostasis and immune function in laying hens, including by reducing butyrate levels, thereby increasing their susceptibility to systemic APEC infection. The development of strategies for mitigating the adverse effects of florfenicol on gut health and pathogen susceptibility in laying hens is therefore essential.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143827680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementation of high levels of essential fatty acids using soybean oil in lactation diets benefits the subsequent reproduction of sows but can be detrimental to the performance of young sows if provided after weaning","authors":"Garrin Lee Shipman, David Rosero, Eric van Heugten","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01192-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01192-y","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the potential impacts of increasing linoleic and α-linolenic acid intake during lactation and wean-to-breeding on subsequent reproduction of sows. A total of 309 sows (PIC Camborough L42) were balanced by parity (140 and 169 sows representing parity 1 to 2 [P1-2] and 3 to 9 [P3+], respectively) and assigned within parity to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Factors included essential fatty acid (EFA) supplementation (control diets containing 1.2% linoleic and 0.15% α-linolenic acid or diets with 3.0% linoleic and 0.38% α-linolenic acid) and supplementation period (lactation or wean-to-breeding). Tallow (low EFA diets) or soybean oil (high EFA diets) were included at 4% in sorghum-soybean meal-wheat middlings-based diets to attain targeted EFA levels. High levels of EFA fed during lactation had no effect on feed intake or litter performance, but increased subsequent farrowing rate (P = 0.027; 82.1% vs. 70.4%), tended to reduce the proportion of sows removed (P = 0.070; 12.4% vs. 20.8%), decreased the number of total pigs born in the following litter (P = 0.072; 15.3 vs. 16.2), and increased total pigs born alive per 100 sows weaned (P = 0.062; 1,122 vs. 974), regardless of sow parity. Young sows (P1-2) consuming the high EFA diet during lactation displayed a shorter wean-to-estrus interval (P = 0.035; 4.2 vs. 4.6), but P3+ sows were unaffected. Increasing EFA intake for P3+ sows, but not P1-2 sows, resulted in more sows bred by d 5 (P = 0.028; 91.1% vs. 81.7%) and more mummies in the subsequent litter (P = 0.040; 0.32 vs. 0.16). Feeding increased EFA to P1-2 sows during the wean-to-breeding period decreased subsequent farrowing rate (P = 0.042; 72.0% vs. 87.7%), and increased removal rate (P = 0.003; 28.8% vs. 9.4%). Total pigs born alive per 100 sows weaned was reduced (P = 0.007) in P1-2 sows when supplemented with EFA during wean-breeding (939 vs. 1,149) but was not impacted in P3+ sows (1,131 vs. 982). Supplemental EFA in lactation diets benefited subsequent reproduction of sows, regardless of parity. Increasing dietary levels of EFA during the wean-to-breeding period to younger sows negatively impacted subsequent reproduction.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143813761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five glutathione S-transferase isozymes played crucial role in the detoxification of aflatoxin B1 in chicken liver","authors":"Jiang Deng, Zhe Peng, Zhiyuan Xia, Yixin Mo, Lijia Guo, Jintao Wei, Lvhui Sun, Meng Liu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01189-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01189-7","url":null,"abstract":"AFB1-8,9-exo-epoxide (AFBO) is the highly toxic product of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play pivotal roles in detoxifying AFB1 by catalyzing the conjugation of AFBO with glutathione (GSH). Although there are over 20 GST isozymes that have been identified in chicken, GST isozymes involved in the detoxification process of AFB1 have not been identified yet. The objective of this study was to determine which GST isozymes played key role in detoxification of AFB1. A total of 17 pcDNA3.1(+)-GST isozyme plasmids were constructed and the GST isozyme genes were overexpressed by 80–2,500,000 folds in the chicken Leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cells. Compared to the AFB1 treatment, overexpression of GSTA2X, GSTA3, GSTT1L, GSTZ1-1, and GSTZ1-2 increased the cell viability by 6.5%–17.0% in LMH cells. Moreover, overexpression of five GST isozymes reduced the release of lactate dehydrogenase and reactive oxygen species by 8.8%–64.4%, and 57.2%–77.6%, respectively, as well as enhanced the production AFBO-GSH by 15.8%–19.6%, thus mitigating DNA damage induced by AFB1. After comprehensive evaluation of various indicators, GSTA2X displayed the best detoxification effects against AFB1. GSTA2X was expressed in Pichia pastoris X-33 and its enzymatic properties for catalyzing the conjugation of AFBO with GSH showed that the optimum temperature and pH were 20–25 °C and 7.6–8.6 as well as the enzymatic kinetic parameter Vmax was 0.23 nmol/min/mg and the Michaelis constant was 86.05 μmol/L with the AFB1 as substrate. In conclusion, GSTA2X, GSTA3, GSTT1L, GSTZ1-1, and GSTZ1-2 played key roles in AFB1 detoxification, which will provide new remediation strategies to prevent aflatoxicosis in chickens.\u0000","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}