Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Glucose release kinetics of different feed ingredients and their impact on short-term growth of pigs by influencing carbon-nitrogen supply synchronization","authors":"Mingyi Huang, Lei Xue, Yifan Wu, Qinzheng Sun, Yanwei Xu, Jia Li, Xiaoyi Yu, Yu Cao, Jingyi Huang, Zeyu Zhang, Jinbiao Zhao, Dandan Han, Defa Li, Junjun Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01198-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01198-6","url":null,"abstract":"Pigs fed diets with different ingredients but identical nutritional levels show significant differences in growth performance, indicating that growth may also be influenced by the synchronicity of dietary carbon and nitrogen supply. Therefore, this study aimed to determine glucose release kinetics of various feed ingredients, to investigate a glucose release pattern that is conducive to synchronized carbon–nitrogen supply, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which this synchronization optimizes growth of pigs. We analyzed the glucose release kinetics of 23 feed ingredients in vitro and found that their glucose release rates and amounts varied greatly. Based on this, a nitrogen-free diet and 5 purified diets, which represented the observed variations in glucose release rates and quantities among feed ingredients, were designed for 18 ileal-cannulated pigs. The results demonstrated that slower glucose release pattern could disrupt the synchrony of dietary carbon and nitrogen supply, reducing the growth of pigs and increasing nitrogen losses. Specifically, the diet with slower and moderate amounts of glucose release showed a relatively slower release of amino acids. Pigs fed this diet had the lower amino acid digestibility and the enrichment of harmful bacteria, such as Streptococcus, in the terminal ileum. Conversely, the diets with slower and lower glucose release exhibited a relatively rapid release of amino acids but also resulted in poor growth. They increased glucogenic amino acid digestibility and potentially enriched bacteria involved in nitrogen cycling and carbon metabolism. Notably, only the diet with rapid glucose release achieved synchronized and rapid release of nutrients. Pigs fed this diet exhibited higher amino acid digestibility, decreased harmful bacteria enrichment, improved nutrient utilization, and enhanced short-term growth performance. Our research analyzed significant differences in glucose release kinetics among swine feed ingredients and revealed that slow glucose release disrupted dietary carbon–nitrogen supply synchrony, shifting amino acid utilization and enriching pathogens, negatively impacting growth and nutrient utilization. Consequently, choosing feed ingredients releasing glucose at a rapid rate to balance dietary carbon and nitrogen supply helps promote pig growth, and ensures efficient feed utilization.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High fat diet (HFD) induced hepatic lipogenic metabolism and lipotoxicity via Parkin-dependent mitophagy and Errα signal of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco","authors":"Angen Yu, Zhiwei Hao, Xiaolei Wei, Xiaoying Tan, Ester Zito, Hua Zheng, Zhi Luo","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01200-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01200-1","url":null,"abstract":"Mitophagy is an essential cellular autophagic process which maintains mitochondrial homeostasis, but its role in high fat diet (HFD)-induced lipid accumulation is unclear in the yellow catfish. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate mechanism of mitochondria mediating HFD-induced hepatic fat accumulation. In the present study, yellow catfish were fed three diets with dietary fat at 6.31% (low fat; LFD, control), 12.03% (middle fat; MFD) and 15.32% (high fat; HFD), respectively, for 8 weeks. High dietary fat addition raised hepatic lipid accumulation, and declined mRNA and protein levels of Parkin-dependent mitophagy, down-regulated the Parkin protein expression and the estrogen-related receptor alpha (Errα) ubiquitination, and induced Errα protein levels; fatty acid (FA) incubation reduced Parkin-dependent mitophagy, inhibited Errα ubiquitination and increased Errα protein expression, and raised TG accumulation. Furthermore, yellow catfish hepatocytes were isolated and cultured. Nicotinamide mononucleotide, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, Parkin and errα siRNA knockdown were used under FA incubation, respectively. Parkin downregulation mediated FA incubation-induced TG accumulation and mitoautophagic inhibition; Parkin ubiquitinated Errα, and K63 was an important ubiquitination site for deubiquitinating Parkin activity; Errα targets fas, acca and pparγ genes, whose activation contributed to FA-induced lipogenesis and lipid accumulation. Thus, high fat diet (HFD) and FA incubation inhibited Parkin activity, suppressed mitophagy and activated Errα pathway, and induced hepatic lipogenic metabolism and lipotoxicity. Overall, our study provided new targets against HFD-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the vertebrates.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"2 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics profiling reveals Poria cocos polysaccharides mitigate PEDV-induced intestinal injury by modulating lipid metabolism in piglets","authors":"Qian Zhang, Shuaijie Wang, Mengjun Wu, Zihan Tan, Tao Wu, Dan Yi, Lei Wang, Di Zhao, Yongqing Hou","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01211-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01211-y","url":null,"abstract":"Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection poses a significant challenge to the swine industry, with limited effective control measures available. Poria cocos polysaccharides (PCP) is the primary active ingredient of Poria cocos, and has been demonstrated to show beneficial effects on intestinal damage in previous studies. However, its mechanism has not been fully understood. In the present study, 18 seven-day-old piglets were divided into 3 groups: Control group, PEDV group, and PCP + PEDV group. After three days of adaptation, piglets in the PCP + PEDV group were orally administered 10 mg/kg body weight/d PCP from d 4 to 10. On d 8, piglets were orally administered with PEDV at the dose of 104.5 TCID50/piglet. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of PCP on PEDV-induced intestinal injury and explored the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that PCP administration effectively alleviated diarrhea, reduced PEDV replication in the small intestine and colon of piglets, and significantly improved intestinal mucosal morphology. Specifically, PCP increased the villus height in both the jejunum and ileum and increased the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the ileum (P < 0.05). Improved intestinal function was further evidenced by elevated plasma D-xylose levels and decreased diamine oxidase activity (P < 0.05). Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that lipid metabolism is a key pathway regulated by PCP during PEDV infection. Notably, PCP significantly upregulated sphingolipid metabolism-related genes, including ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 7 and N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 2. Metabolomic analysis revealed that PCP primarily modulated the levels of plasmanylphosphoethanolamine, lysophosphatidylcholine, and carnitine. Additionally, PCP reversed the expression of key genes involved in fatty acid uptake, intracellular lipid transport, and fatty acid synthesis, such as fatty acid binding protein 2, fatty acid transport protein 4, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein C3, fatty acid synthase, long-chain fatty acyl CoA synthetase 3, lipoprotein lipase and acyl-CoA thioesterases 12 (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that PCP mitigates PEDV-induced intestinal injury by modulating lipid metabolism and highlight its potential as a dietary supplement for enhancing anti-PEDV defenses and promoting intestinal health in piglets.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"158 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144097536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The comprehensive transcriptomic atlas of porcine immune tissues and the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) immune dynamics reveal core immune genes","authors":"Qingyao Zhao, Jiahao Wang, Fuping Ma, Quanzhen Chen, Huatao Liu, Jinyan Yang, Siqian Chen, Yongjie Tang, Siyuan Mi, Lulu Wang, Xini Wang, Guohong Liu, Kai Xing, Ying Yu, Chuduan Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01184-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01184-y","url":null,"abstract":"Viral diseases have profoundly influenced the sustainable development of the swine farming industry. With the development of genomics technology, the combination of transcriptome, genetic variation, immune response, and QTL mapping data to illustrate the interactions between pathogen and host immune system, will be an effective tool for identification of disease resistance genes in pigs. The immune system of an organism is the source of disease resistance in livestock, consisting of various immune tissues, as well as the immune cells and cytokines they produced. However, comprehensive systematic studies on transcriptome of porcine immune tissues are still rare. Poly(I:C), as a viral mimic, is commonly used to study immune responses of the body during viral infections, and serves as a valuable tool for investigating immune mechanisms in swine. WGCNA analysis identified core immune genes across six immune tissues (bone marrow, jejunum, lymph node, PBMC, spleen, thymus) in Landrace pigs, which are also crucial for the development of PBMCs. The examination of the changes in the proportion of immune cells during three developmental stages (1-month-old, 4-month-old, 7-month-old) shows a shift from innate immunity to humoral immunity. By integrating different epigenetic genomics datasets, we identified several core immune genes and their causal variants, including IFI44, IFIT5, EIF2AK2 and others, which are closely related to immune development and response. Functional validation studies reveal that the IFI44 gene acts as a negative regulator of the antiviral response; its inhibition effect significantly reduced Poly(I:C)-induced cell necrosis, while enhancing apoptosis to combat viral infections. Our study elucidated the fundamental transcriptional program in porcine immune tissues and the immunodynamics underlying development of PBMCs, identifying many core immune genes, including IFI44, which plays a critical negative regulator role in the antiviral response, providing valuable insights for breeding programs aimed at enhancing pig disease resistance.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144088318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth performance and total tract digestibility of nutrients for weanling pigs are improved by an exogenous xylanase and a stimbiotic regardless of maternal xylanase consumption","authors":"Jessica P. Acosta, Charmaine D. Espinosa, Gemma González-Ortiz, Hans H. Stein","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01205-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01205-w","url":null,"abstract":"Exogenous xylanase can increase utilization of fiber and energy when included in diets for pigs, and xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) may improve growth performance of pigs by modulating intestinal fermentation. However, it is unclear if a stimbiotic (i.e., a combination of xylanase and XOS) has superior effects compared with a xylanase alone, and there is a lack of data demonstrating if xylanase fed to lactating sows influences growth performance of weanling pigs. Therefore, two hypotheses were tested: 1) xylanase and stimbiotic improve growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) and total dietary fiber (TDF), digestible energy (DE), and intestinal health of weanling pigs and 2) offspring of sows fed xylanase in lactation have greater growth performance after weaning than offspring of sows fed no xylanase during lactation. One hundred and twenty pigs were weaned from sows fed a diet without xylanase, and 120 pigs were weaned from sows fed a lactation diet containing 16,000 beechwood xylanase units per kg (initial weight: 5.81 ± 0.50 kg). Pigs were allotted to a 2 × 3 factorial with two sow groups (lactation diet without or with xylanase) and three dietary treatments (i.e., control, control plus xylanase, or control plus stimbiotic). There were no interactions between sow treatment and post-weaning pig treatment, and sow treatment did not impact post-weaning growth or ATTD of GE and TDF in weaned pigs. From d 15 to 28 post-weaning, the ADG, G:F, ATTD of GE and TDF, and concentration of DE were greater (P < 0.05) for pigs fed the diet with stimbiotic than if fed the xylanase diet or the control diet, and pigs fed the xylanase diet had greater (P < 0.05) ADG, G:F, ATTD of GE and TDF, and concentration of DE than pigs fed the control diet. From d 29 to 42 post-weaning, pigs fed the diets with xylanase or stimbiotic had greater (P < 0.05) ADG, ATTD of GE and TDF, and DE than pigs fed the control diet. Pigs fed xylanase or stimbiotic had greater ATTD of GE and TDF, greater DE, and greater overall ADG, G:F, and final body weight on d 42 post-weaning than pigs fed the control diet, but feeding sows xylanase in lactation did not influence post-weaning growth performance.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143979583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usnic acid and tannic acid as inhibitors of coccidia and Clostridium perfringens: alleviating necrotic enteritis and improving intestinal health in broiler chickens","authors":"Huiping Xu, Minghao Yang, Jianyang Fu, Huiyuan Lv, Jiang Guo, Changji Lu, Zengpeng Lv, Yuming Guo","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01201-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01201-0","url":null,"abstract":"Necrotic enteritis (NE) in broiler chickens leads to significant economic losses in poultry production. This study examined the inhibitory effects of usnic acid and tannic acid on coccidia, sporozoite, and Clostridium perfringens and assessed their influence on growth performance and intestinal health in NE-challenged broilers through in vitro and in vivo experiments. The in vitro experiment included 5 treatment groups: the negative control (NC), 2 μmol/L diclazuril (DZ), 30 μmol/L usnic acid (UA), 90 μmol/L tannic acid (TA), and 15 μmol/L usnic acid + 45 μmol/L tannic acid (UTA) groups. The in vivo experiment involved 320 broilers divided into four groups: PC (NE-challenged), SA (500 mg/kg salinomycin premix + NE-challenged), UA (300 mg/kg usnic acid + NE-challenged), and UTA (300 mg/kg usnic acid + 500 mg/kg tannic acid + NE-challenged) groups. In the in vitro study, the UA, TA, and UTA treatments significantly increased apoptosis in coccidian oocysts and sporozoites, lowered the mitochondrial membrane potential (P < 0.05), and disrupted the oocyst structure compared with those in the NC group. UA and TA had inhibitory effects on C. perfringens, with the strongest inhibition observed in the UTA group. The in vivo results demonstrated that the SA group presented significantly improved growth performance on d 13, 21, and 28 (P < 0.05), whereas the UA and UTA groups presented improvements on d 13 and 21 (P < 0.05). The SA, UA, and UTA treatments reduced the intestinal lesion scores by d 28 and the fecal coccidian oocyst counts from d 19 to 21 (P < 0.05). Compared with the PC group, the UA and UTA groups presented lower intestinal sIgA levels and CD8+ cell percentages (P < 0.05), with a trend toward a reduced CD3+ cell percentage (P = 0.069). The SA, UA, and UTA treatments significantly reduced the serum diamine oxidase activity, crypt depth, and platelet-derived growth factor levels in the intestinal mucosa while increasing the villus height to crypt depth ratio and number of goblet cells (P < 0.05). The UTA treatment also significantly increased the acetate and butyrate concentrations in the cecum (P < 0.05). With respect to the gut microbiota, significant changes in β diversity in the ileum and cecum were observed in the SA, UA, and UTA groups, indicating that the microbial community compositions differed among the groups. Romboutsia dominated the SA group, Bacillales dominated the UA group, and Lactobacillales and Lachnospirales dominated the UTA group in the ileal microbiota. In the cecal microbiota, Lactobacillus, Butyricicoccus, and Blautia abundances were significantly elevated in the UTA group (P < 0.05). Usnic acid and tannic acid induce apoptosis in coccidia and sporozoites by lowering the mitochondrial membrane potential. Both usnic acid alone and in combination with tannic acid alleviate NE-induced adverse effects in broilers by modulating intestinal immunity, altering the microbial composition, and improving intestinal barrier functio","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143933589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contamination of aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in feeds in China from 2021 to 2024","authors":"Meng Liu, Zhiyuan Xia, Yu Zhang, Rengui Yang, Weicai Luo, Lijia Guo, Ying Liu, Dessalegn Lamesgen, Hua Sun, Jiangfeng He, Lvhui Sun","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01213-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01213-w","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to investigate the individual and combined contamination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), and zearalenone (ZEN) in feeds in China between 2021 and 2024. A total of 23,003 feed samples, including 17,489 feedstuff samples and 5,514 complete feed samples, were collected from different provinces of China for mycotoxin analysis. The analyzed mycotoxins displayed considerably high contamination in the feed samples, with the individual contamination of AFB1, DON, and ZEN were 20.0%–100%, 33.3%–100%, and 85.0%–100%, respectively. The average concentrations of AFB1, DON, and ZEN were 1.2–728.7 μg/kg, 106–8,634.8 μg/kg, and 18.1–3,341.6 μg/kg, respectively. Notably, the rates over China’s safety standards for AFB1, DON, and ZEN in raw ingredients were 9.7%, 2.7%, and 15.7%, respectively. Meanwhile, 3.5%, 1.1%, and 8.7% of analyzed complete feeds exceeded China’s safety standards for AFB1, DON, and ZEN, respectively. Moreover, the co-contamination rates of AFB1, DON, and ZEN in more than 70% of raw ingredients and 87.5% of complete feed products were 60.0%–100% and 61.5%–100%, respectively. This study reveals that the feeds in China have commonly been contaminated with AFB1, DON, and ZEN alone and their combination during the past four years. These findings highlight the significance of monitoring mycotoxin contaminant levels in domestic animal feed and the importance of carrying out feed administration and remediation strategies for mycotoxin control.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"35 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breed-specific responses to coccidiosis in chickens: identification of intestinal bacteria linked to disease resistance","authors":"Chace Broadwater, Jiaqing Guo, Jing Liu, Isabel Tobin, Melanie A. Whitmore, Michael G. Kaiser, Susan J. Lamont, Guolong Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01202-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01202-z","url":null,"abstract":"Coccidiosis, caused by Eimeria parasites, is a major enteric disease in poultry, significantly impacting animal health, production performance, and welfare. This disease imposes a substantial economic burden, costing the global poultry industry up to $13 billion annually. However, effective mitigation strategies for coccidiosis remain elusive. While different chicken breeds exhibit varying resistance to coccidiosis, no commensal bacteria have been directly linked to this resistance. To assess relative resistance of different breeds to coccidiosis, 10-day-old Fayoumi M5.1, Leghorn Ghs6, and Cobb chickens were challenged with 50,000 sporulated Eimeria maxima oocysts or mock-infected. Body weight changes, small intestinal lesions, and fecal oocyst shedding were evaluated on d 17. Ileal and cecal digesta were collected from individual animals on d 17 and subjected to microbiome analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fayoumi M5.1 chickens showed the lowest growth retardation, intestinal lesion score, fecal oocyst shedding, and pathobiont proliferation compared to Ghs6 and Cobb chickens. The intestinal microbiota of M5.1 chickens also differed markedly from the other two breeds under both healthy and coccidiosis conditions. Notably, group A Lactobacillus and Ligilactobacillus salivarius were the least prevalent in both the ileum and cecum of healthy M5.1 chickens, but became highly enriched and comparable to Ghs6 and Cobb chickens in response to coccidiosis. Conversely, Weissella, Staphylococcus gallinarum, and Enterococcus durans/hirae were more abundant in the ileum of healthy M5.1 chickens than in the other two breeds. Despite being reduced by Eimeria, these bacteria retained higher abundance in M5.1 chickens compared to the other breeds. Fayoumi M5.1 chickens exhibit greater resistance to coccidiosis than Leghorn Ghs6 layers and Cobb broilers. Several commensal bacteria, including group A Lactobacillus, L. salivarius, Weissella, S. gallinarum, and E. durans/hirae, are differentially enriched in Fayoumi M5.1 chickens with strong correlation with coccidiosis resistance. These bacteria hold potential as probiotics for coccidiosis mitigation.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low drying temperature has negligible impact but defatting increases in vitro rumen digestibility of insect meals, with minor changes on fatty acid biohydrogenation","authors":"Manuela Renna, Mauro Coppa, Carola Lussiana, Aline Le Morvan, Laura Gasco, Lara Rastello, Jonas Claeys, Gaëlle Maxin","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01199-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01199-5","url":null,"abstract":"Insect meals have been identified as innovative and sustainable feedstuffs that could be used in ruminant nutrition. However, current research on the effects that their processing may have on rumen digestibility and fatty acid (FA) biohydrogenation is scant. This trial aims to investigate the effects (i) of drying temperature of full-fat Hermetia illucens (HI) and Tenebrio molitor (TM) meals, and (ii) of residual ether extract (EE) content of defatted HI and TM meals, on their fermentation characteristics and FA of rumen digesta after 24-h in vitro rumen incubation. The tested full-fat meals included four HI and four TM meals obtained applying drying temperatures ranging from 30 °C to 70 °C, while the tested defatted meals consisted of five HI and two TM meals containing a residual EE content ranging from 4.7 to 19.7 g EE/100 g dry matter (DM). The applied statistical models (GLM ANOVA) tested the effects of insect species, drying temperature (full-fat meals) or EE content (defatted meals), and their interaction. Drying temperature had minor effects on in vitro ruminal digestibility and FA profile of rumen digesta. Irrespective of insect species, increasing the drying temperature led to a reduction of in vitro degradation of proteins from insect meals, as outlined by the significant decrease in ammonia production (−0.009 mmol/g DM and −0.126 g/100 g total N for each additional 1 °C). Irrespective of insect species, defatting increased total gas, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and CH4 productions, and the proportions of total saturated and branched-chain FA in rumen digesta (+0.038 mmol/g DM, +0.063 mmol/g DM, +12.9 µmol/g DM, +0.18 g/100 g FA, and +0.19 g/100 g FA for each reduced 1 g EE/100 g DM, respectively), and reduced the proportion of total PUFA (−0.12 g/100 g FA). The applied drying temperatures of full-fat insect meals are too low to exert impactful effects on rumen digestibility and FA biohydrogenation. Fat lowered fermentation activity, probably because of an inhibitory effect on rumen microbiota. The increased ruminal digestibility of defatted insect meals suggests that they can be more suitable to be used in ruminant nutrition than full-fat ones.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota modulate intestinal inflammation by endoplasmic reticulum stress-autophagy-cell death signaling axis","authors":"Feiyang He, Yi Zheng, Mabrouk Elsabagh, Kewei Fan, Xia Zha, Bei Zhang, Mengzhi Wang, Hao Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01196-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01196-8","url":null,"abstract":"The intestinal tract, a complex organ responsible for nutrient absorption and digestion, relies heavily on a balanced gut microbiome to maintain its integrity. Disruptions to this delicate microbial ecosystem can lead to intestinal inflammation, a hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While the role of the gut microbiome in IBD is increasingly recognized, the underlying mechanisms, particularly those involving endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy, and cell death, remain incompletely understood. ER stress, a cellular response to various stressors, can trigger inflammation and cell death. Autophagy, a cellular degradation process, can either alleviate or exacerbate ER stress-induced inflammation, depending on the specific context. The gut microbiome can influence both ER stress and autophagy pathways, further complicating the interplay between these processes. This review delves into the intricate relationship between ER stress, autophagy, and the gut microbiome in the context of intestinal inflammation. By exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions, we aim to provide a comprehensive theoretical framework for developing novel therapeutic strategies for IBD. A deeper understanding of the ER stress-autophagy axis, the gut microbial-ER stress axis, and the gut microbial-autophagy axis may pave the way for targeted interventions to restore intestinal health and mitigate the impact of IBD. ","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}