Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"HIF1A regulates follicular atresia through O-GlcNAcylation-mediated VEZF1/ET-1/FOXO1/BAX signaling in porcine granulosa cells","authors":"Aiwen Jiang, Jialong Li, Luyao Wang, Yi Liu, Zhengchang Wu, Haifei Wang, Shenglong Wu, Wenbin Bao","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01263-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01263-0","url":null,"abstract":"Hypoxic stimuli induce follicular atresia by regulating granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis. Notably, mature follicles can still develop and ovulate under hypoxic conditions, highlighting the importance of the hypoxic adaptation in ovarian follicular selection. To date, the role and mechanism of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF1A)-mediated hypoxic responses in follicular atresia are unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether and how HIF1A regulates follicular atresia via the modulation of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) protein modification (O-GlcNAcylation). Our findings revealed that HIF1A was highly expressed in pig ovaries. Compared with that in healthy follicles, its expression was significantly downregulated in atretic follicles. Under hypoxic conditions, pharmacological inhibition or siRNA-mediated knockdown of HIF1A increased porcine GC apoptosis. Mechanistically, HIF1A knockdown Suppressed O-GlcNAc transferase degradation, leading to increased global O-GlcNAcylation. Using 4D label-free quantitative proteomics, we identified 53 O-GlcNAcylated proteins. Importantly, O-GlcNAcylation stabilized vascular endothelial zinc finger 1 (VEZF1), and HIF1A knockdown upregulated VEZF1 protein levels by promoting O-GlcNAcylation. The HIF1A-VEZF1 axis modulates forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) expression by regulating endothelin-1. As a transcription factor, FOXO1 directly binds to the Bcl-2 associated X (BAX) promoter, activating its transcription and ultimately inducing porcine GC apoptosis and follicular atresia. Overall, our study elucidates a novel molecular mechanism by which HIF1A deficiency modulates follicular atresia through O-GlcNAcylation-mediated VEZF1 expression. These results not only clarify the molecular mechanism of ovarian follicular development under hypoxic conditions but also offer potential targets for improving follicular selection efficiency in pig breeding.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silymarin as a feed additive in swine and poultry production: a comprehensive review","authors":"Sungbo Cho, Charles Martin Nyachoti, In Ho Kim","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01260-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01260-3","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread ban on in‐feed antibiotics in many regions has driven the search for natural alternatives to maintain health and production efficiency in swine and poultry. Phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) derived from herbs and plant extracts have emerged as promising candidates owing to their antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Among these, silymarin—a flavonolignan complex extracted from milk thistle (Silybum marianum)—has attracted particular attention due to its hepatoprotective and growth‐promoting activities. This review summarizes the chemical characteristics and mechanisms of action of silymarin/silybin. Also, evidence from both experimental and field studies shows that silymarin improves growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gut health, and reproductive outcomes. Advances in formulation technologies, such as micellization, have been addressed for improved bioavailability of silymarin. Despite these promising results, further long-term field studies and economic evaluations are needed to fully integrate silymarin into commercial animal production systems. ","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145083662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Effects of microbe-derived antioxidants on growth performance, hepatic oxidative stress, mitochondrial function and cell apoptosis in weaning piglets","authors":"Chengbing Yu, Yuxiao Luo, Cheng Shen, Zhen Luo, Hongcai Zhang, Jing Zhang, Weina Xu, Jianxiong Xu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01277-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01277-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Correction: J Animal Sci Biotechnol 15, 128 (2024)</b></p><p><b>https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-024-01088-3</b></p><br/><p>Following the publication of the original article [1], it is reported that in Fig. 4, the β-actin band in Fig. 4C was mistakenly used as the FIS1 protein band in Fig. 4B. It was merely an error in the use of the band image, and the corresponding statistical values remain correct. Importantly, this error does not affect the results and conclusion of the study.</p><p>Incorrect Fig. 4:</p><figure><figcaption><b data-test=\"figure-caption-text\">Fig. 4</b></figcaption><picture><source srcset=\"//media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs40104-025-01277-8/MediaObjects/40104_2025_1277_Fig1_HTML.png?as=webp\" type=\"image/webp\"/><img alt=\"figure 1\" aria-describedby=\"Fig1\" height=\"588\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"//media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs40104-025-01277-8/MediaObjects/40104_2025_1277_Fig1_HTML.png\" width=\"685\"/></picture><p>The effects of weaning on mitochondrial function. <b>A</b> Activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes; <b>B</b> The expression of proteins related to mitochondrial fusion and fission; <b>C</b> The expression of proteins related to mitophagy. W0, W1, W4, W7, and W14 respectively represented 21, 22, 25, 28, and 35 days of age. Data were presented as mean ± SEM (<i>n</i> = 6). Values with different letters differ significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05). MRC I: Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I; MRC III: Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III; MRC IV: Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV; DRP1: Dynamin-related protein 1; MFN2: Mitofusin 2; FIS1: Fission protein 1; OPA1: Optic atrophy protein 1; Pink1: PTEN induced putative kinase 1; Parkin: E3 ubiquitin ligase; P62: Sequestosome 1; LC3B: Microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta</p><span>Full size image</span><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" role=\"img\" width=\"16\"><use xlink:href=\"#icon-eds-i-chevron-right-small\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"></use></svg></figure><p>Correct Fig. 4:</p><figure><figcaption><b data-test=\"figure-caption-text\">Fig. 4</b></figcaption><picture><source srcset=\"//media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs40104-025-01277-8/MediaObjects/40104_2025_1277_Fig2_HTML.png?as=webp\" type=\"image/webp\"/><img alt=\"figure 2\" aria-describedby=\"Fig2\" height=\"592\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"//media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs40104-025-01277-8/MediaObjects/40104_2025_1277_Fig2_HTML.png\" width=\"685\"/></picture><p>The effects of weaning on mitochondrial function. <b>A</b> Activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes; <b>B</b> The expression of proteins related to mitochondrial fusion and fission; <b>C</b> The expression of proteins related to mitophagy. W0, W1, W4, W7, and W14 respectively represented 21, 22, 25, 28, and 35 days of age. Data were presented as mean ","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145077423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small nucleolar RNA dysregulation and potential roles in bovine subclinical mastitis","authors":"Faith A. Omonijo, Mengqi Wang, David Gagné, Mario Laterrière, Samuel Genier, Xin Zhao, Eveline M. Ibeagha-Awemu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01230-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01230-9","url":null,"abstract":"Subclinical mastitis, caused by many pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus chromogenes (S. chromogenes), presents a major challenge to the dairy industry due to its associated economic losses and poor milk quality. The molecular regulatory mechanisms, including the role of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), of the host response to mastitis pathogens remain unclear. Therefore, this study investigated snoRNA expression and potential roles during subclinical mastitis. Milk somatic cells from cows with naturally occurring S. aureus (n = 14) and S. chromogenes (n = 3) subclinical mastitis, and healthy cows (n = 4) were subjected to transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analyses. We identified 255 expressed snoRNAs including 21 differentially expressed (DE) in S. aureus-positive cows and 20 DE in S. chromogenes-positive cows. Prediction of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) modification sites found several 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA modification (pseudouridylation and 2′-O-methylation) target sites essential for ribosome function for DE snoRNAs, such as SNORA79 (18S-1319, 28S-3001), SNORA1 (18S-1496, 28S-1747), suggesting their roles in translation and immune modulation during subclinical mastitis. Correlation analysis identified DE snoRNAs-mRNAs (from the same samples) pairs with majority of the correlated mRNAs (e.g., CXCL8, IL6R, IL2, IL1R, IL18R1, STAT3, NFKB2, MYD88, VEGFA, and CD40) having immune related functions. Functional enrichment of correlated genes of snoRNAs for S. aureus-positive group (regulation of defense/immune response, leukocyte differentiation, response to cytokine, NF-κB signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway etc.) and S. chromogenes-positive group (e.g., regulation of defense response, response to cytokine, regulation of immune response, NF-κB signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway) revealed involvement in immune and inflammatory processes. Some functional terms were common to both pathogens (e.g., NF-κB, JAK-STAT signaling, immune system processes) and suggest common regulatory mechanisms used by both pathogens to contain infection. Furthermore, snoRNA-mRNA network construction identified 7 key (hub) snoRNAs each for S. aureus-positive group (SNORA66, novelsnoRNA_26_14905 (also denoted as novelSnoRNA_86), SNORD107, SNORA1, SNORA63, SNORA79, SNORA76) and S. chromogenes-positive group (SNORD18, SNORA79, SNORA46, U2-19, SNORA66, SNORD37, SNORD49) that correlated with the most protein coding genes (|r| > 0.9; ≥ 30 mRNAs). Functional enrichment of correlated genes of hub snoRNAs reveals their involvement in immune related functions (75% of enriched terms) and metabolic processes (20% of enriched terms). These data suggest potential regulatory roles for the DE snoRNAs and in particular, the 14 hub snoRNAs during subclinical mastitis. This study presents the first evidence linking snoRNAs to bovine subclinical mastitis and offers new insights into the molecular mechanisms un","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145035261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Untargeted metabolomics reveals changes in boar sperm and seminal plasma metabolites associated with sexual maturity","authors":"Asmita Shrestha, Ann Helen Gaustad, Janne Beate Øiaas, Anna Nordborg, Elisabeth Kommisrud, Maren van Son, Terkel Hansen, Anne Hege Alm-Kristiansen","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01258-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01258-x","url":null,"abstract":"Boars undergo physiological and biochemical changes in semen composition as they grow from puberty to sexual maturity. However, comprehensive metabolomic profiles of boar semen remain uncharacterised. Understanding metabolic alterations in semen during this period is important for optimising reproductive performance in breeding programs. The aim of this study was to characterise the semen metabolome as boars mature, utilising an untargeted metabolomic approach. Semen samples were collected from 15 Duroc boars at three developmental ages: ~ 7 months, 8.5 months, and 10 months. Sperm and seminal plasma were separated and analysed by hydrophilic interaction and reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to capture a wide range of metabolites. We identified a total of 4,491 features in boar semen, annotating 92 distinct metabolites. Amino acids, peptides and analogues constituted the most abundant components, followed by fatty acid esters. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed a clear separation between metabolomic profiles by age groups. PERMANOVA analysis of PCA scores confirmed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between younger (7 months) and more mature boars (8.5 months and 10 months). Pathway analysis identified porphyrin metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and glycerolipid metabolism as significantly enriched pathways in sperm, while glutathione and nitrogen metabolism were prominently enriched in seminal plasma. Using linear modelling, partial Spearman correlation and random forest analyses, we identified homoisovanillic acid as a key metabolite discriminating age groups in both sperm and seminal plasma. Additionally, L-glutamic acid, decanoyl-L-carnitine and N-(1,3-Thiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide emerged as important sperm metabolites, while glyceric acid, myo-inositol, glycerophosphocholine, and several other compounds were identified as critical seminal plasma metabolites. This study provides a detailed characterisation of metabolic changes in Duroc boar semen during the transition from puberty to sexual maturity. Our findings enhance the understanding of reproductive development and could inform strategies to assess sexual maturity in breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144930710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics analysis reveals host-microbe interactions driving divergent energy allocation strategies in Tibetan sheep under cold-season feeding regimes","authors":"Xungang Wang, Qian Zhang, Tongqing Guo, Shanshan Li, Yuna Jia, Shixiao Xu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01259-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01259-w","url":null,"abstract":"As an indigenous livestock species on the Tibetan Plateau, Tibetan sheep exhibit remarkable adaptability to low temperatures and nutrient-scarce environments. During the cold season, Tibetan sheep are typically managed under two feeding regimes: barn feeding (BF) and traditional grazing (TG). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their adaptation to these distinct management strategies remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the adaptive strategies of rumen function in Tibetan sheep to cold-season feeding regimes by integrating analyses of rumen morphology, microbiome, metabolome, and transcriptome. Twelve healthy Tibetan sheep with similar body weights were assigned into two groups (BF vs. TG). At the end of the experiment, rumen tissues were subjected to histological observation. Multi-omics techniques were employed to evaluate the effects of cold-season feeding regimes on rumen function in Tibetan sheep. The ruminal papilla height, width, and muscular thickness were significantly higher in BF group. The relative abundances of Actinobacteria and Succiniclasticum were significantly elevated in the rumen of BF group, whereas Rikenellaceae, Gracilibacteria, and Lachnospiraceae showed higher abundances in the TG group. Metabolomic analysis identified 19 differential metabolites between the two groups, including upregulated compounds in BF group (fumaric acid, maltose, L-phenylalanine, and L-alanine) and TG group (e.g., phenylacetic acid, salicyluric acid and ferulic acid). These metabolites were predominantly enriched in phenylalanine metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis pathways. Additionally, 210 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in rumen epithelium: 100 upregulated DEGs in the BF group were enriched in nutrient metabolism-related pathways (e.g., fatty acid degradation and PPAR signaling pathway), while 110 upregulated DEGs in the TG group were associated with immune-related pathways (e.g., p53 signaling pathway and glutathione metabolism). Among these, we observed distinct rumen functional responses to different cold-season feeding regimes in Tibetan sheep and revealed energy allocation strategies mediated by host-microbe interactions. In the BF group, Tibetan sheep adopted a \"metabolic efficiency-priority\" strategy, driving rumen microbiota to maximize energy capture from high-nutrient diets to support host growth. In contrast, the TG group exhibited an \"environmental adaptation-priority\" strategy, where rumen microbiota prioritized cellulose degradation and anti-inflammatory functions, reallocating energy toward homeostasis maintenance at the expense of rumen development and growth performance.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144928014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LAPTM4B as a key regulator in the copper-induced endoplasmic reticulum–lysosome interplay disorder in duck liver and the protective role of baicalin","authors":"Hongyu Shang, Xueyan Dai, Jing Chen, Chenghong Xing, Xiaona Gao, Huabin Cao, Guoliang Hu, Haotang Li, Mingwen Hu, Fan Yang","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01255-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01255-0","url":null,"abstract":"Copper (Cu) is a pervasive environmental pollutant with significant hepatotoxic effects in animals. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) interacts closely with lysosomes to maintain intracellular homeostasis. However, the role and mechanism of ER-lysosome crosstalk in Cu-induced liver injury in ducks remains unclear. To investigate this, we established both an in vivo model of Cu-exposed ducks and an in vitro model of duck hepatocytes, and added baicalin (Ba) to further explore its protective effects. The results of this study demonstrated that exposure to Cu resulted in vacuolar degeneration and oxidative stress in duck hepatocytes, while ultrastructural observations revealed ER swelling and an increased number of autophagic lysosomes. Furthermore, Cu exposure significantly upregulated mRNA and protein levels related to ER stress, autophagy, and lysosomal membrane factors. It also markedly increased ER-lysosomal co-localization. Further experiments showed that knockdown of LAPTM4B significantly attenuated Cu-induced ER autophagy and reduced ER-lysosomal co-localization in hepatocytes. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that LAPTM4B has a stable binding site to Ba; in vitro experiments demonstrated that Ba could effectively alleviate Cu-induced ER-lysosome crosstalk in duck hepatocytes and reduce hepatocyte injury by targeting LAPTM4B; additionally, in vivo experiments showed that Ba significantly inhibits Cu-induced liver injury in ducks. In summary, the present study demonstrates that Cu exposure disrupts ER-lysosomal crosstalk in duck liver, leading to ER-lysosomal damage and subsequent hepatocyte injury. In contrast, Ba alleviates this injury by selectively targeting LAPTM4B, ultimately attenuating Cu-induced hepatotoxicity. ","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144924038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacillus velezensis MZ09 alleviates DSS-induced colitis in piglets by remodeling the intestinal microbiota activating the SCFAs–GPR43–STAT3 pathway and suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis","authors":"Zhengyi Wang, Xiuyu Fang, Zhihua Yu, Xiangyu Huo, Haiyang Liu, Yongqing Du, Baoming Shi","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01262-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01262-1","url":null,"abstract":"Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is closely associated with intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic dysfunction. The aim of this study was to explore the protective effects and mechanisms of the probiotic Bacillus velezensis MZ09, which produces branched-chain short-chain fatty acids (BSCFAs), against the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in piglets. In this study, a DSS-induced piglet colitis model was established to explore the impact of MZ09. Pretreatment with MZ09 significantly alleviated the symptoms of colitis in piglets. For example, the disease activity index (DAI) score decreased, the length of the colon was restored, and splenomegaly was alleviated. MZ09 enhanced intestinal barrier integrity by upregulating the expression of tight junction proteins such as Claudin-1, Occludin, and ZO-1. Using 16S rRNA analysis, we found that MZ09 could remodel the intestinal microbiota. MZ09 increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Firmicutes and Lactobacillus while suppressing the growth of harmful bacteria such as Proteobacteria and Escherichia-Shigella. MZ09 also increased the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon. The increased SCFA content activated G-protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43), which increased the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and promoted the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). Mechanistically, MZ09 mitigated mitochondrial damage via the STAT3/hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) axis. This action inhibits nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis, thus reducing the release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. B. velezensis MZ09 alleviates DSS-induced colitis in piglets through multiple pathways, including gut microbiota remodeling, SCFAs–GPR43–STAT3 axis activation, and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis suppression. These findings provide a new theoretical basis for the development of targeted intervention strategies for IBD, suggesting that MZ09 represents a potentially promising therapeutic agent for IBD treatment. ","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144915469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzymatic cottonseed protein alleviates DSS-induced enteritis in juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco): focus on macrophage polarization and necroptosis in the intestine","authors":"Guangju Zhang, Xiaoqiu Zhou, Weidan Jiang, Pei Wu, Yang Liu, Yaobin Ma, Hongmei Ren, Xiaowan Jin, Weiwei Xiao, Ya Li, Lin Feng","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01248-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01248-z","url":null,"abstract":"In intensive aquaculture systems, the frequent incidence of enteritis reduces production efficiency and results in significant economic losses. Protein feeds account for 40%–60% of aquafeed expenses, and with the growth of intensive aquaculture, demand for fishmeal as a key protein source outstrips supply, driving up prices. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of reducing dietary protein levels by 3% and adding enzymatic cottonseed protein (ECP) in juvenile yellow catfish with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced enteritis. A total of 1,260 healthy juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), with an average body weight of 5.90 ± 0.05 g, were randomly allocated into 7 experimental groups, each with 3 replicates. The fish were fed one of seven diets for 10 weeks: a normal-protein diet (42%; NP) and 6 low-protein diets (39%; LP) supplemented with graded levels of ECP at 0% (ECP0), 1% (ECP1), 2% (ECP2), 3% (ECP3), 4% (ECP4), and 5% (ECP5), respectively. Subsequently, 48 fish from each group were selected to receive 1 mL of 6% DSS solution. Our findings demonstrated that: (1) The DSS + ECP0 group aggravated DSS-induced enteritis in juvenile yellow catfish compared to the DSS + NP group. (2) Dietary supplementation of ECP in LP diets significantly enhanced the enzymatic activity and levels of immunoreactive substances, including LZM, C3, C4, and ACP (P < 0.05). Mechanistically, first, ECP supplementation modulated macrophage polarization by inhibiting the M1 phenotype while promoting the M2 phenotype, potentially through the JAK-STAT signaling pathway; second, dietary ECP suppressed the phosphorylation cascade of key necroptosis-related proteins, including RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL, potentially via the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. (3) The DSS + ECP2 group demonstrated comparable or superior efficacy to the DSS + NP group in mitigating DSS-induced intestinal enteritis. Our results demonstrated that ECP can alleviate DSS-induced enteritis by regulating macrophage polarization and reducing necroptosis. Furthermore, ECP supplementation effectively counteracted the exacerbation of enteritis caused by dietary protein reduction. These findings highlighted the effectiveness and feasibility of ECP in alleviating enteritis and saving protein. ","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A deep learning strategy for accurate identification of purebred and hybrid pigs across SNP chips","authors":"Zipeng Zhang, Zhengwen Fang, Yongwang Du, Yilin He, Changsong Qian, Weijian Ye, Ning Zhang, Jianan Zhang, Xiangdong Ding","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01249-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01249-y","url":null,"abstract":"Breed identification plays an important role in conserving indigenous breeds, managing genetic resources, and developing effective breeding strategies. However, researches on breed identification in livestock mainly focused on purebreds, and they yielded lower predict accuracy in hybrid. In this study, we presented a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) model with multi-output regression framework specifically designed for genomic breed composition prediction of purebred and hybrid in pigs. We utilized a total of 8,199 pigs from breeding farms in eight provinces in China, comprising Yorkshire, Landrace, Duroc and hybrids of Yorkshire × Landrace. All the animals were genotyped with 1K, 50K and 100K SNP chips. Comparing with random forest (RF), support vector regression (SVR) and Admixture, our results from five replicates of fivefold cross validation demonstrated that MLP achieved a breed identification accuracy of 100% for both hybrid and purebreds in 50K and 100K SNP chips, SVR performed comparable with MLP, they both outperformed RF and Admixture. In the independent testing, MLP yielded accuracy of 100% for all three pure breeds and hybrid across all SNP chips and panel, while SVR yielded 0.026%–0.121% lower accuracy than MLP. Compared with classification-based framework, the new strategy of multi-output regression framework in this study was helpful to improve the predict accuracy. MLP, RF and SVR, achieved consistent improvements across all six SNP chips/panel, especially in hybrid identification. Our results showed the determination threshold for purebred had different effects, SVR, RF and Admixture were very sensitive to threshold values, their optimal threshold fluctuated in different scenarios, while MLP kept optimal threshold 0.75 in all cases. The threshold of 0.65–0.75 is ideal for accurate breed identification. Among different density of SNP chips, the 1K SNP chip was most cost-effective as yielding 100% accuracy with enlarging training set. Hybrid individuals in the training set were useful for both purebred and hybrid identification. Our new MLP strategy demonstrated its high accuracy and robust applicability across low-, medium-, and high-density SNP chips. Multi-output regression framework could universally enhance prediction accuracy for ML methods. Our new strategy is also helpful for breed identification in other livestock.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144840132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}