Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid mediate the ADPN-AMPK-PPARα pathway to improve fatty liver and production performance in laying hens","authors":"Wenjie Tian, Gerard Bryan Gonzales, Hao Wang, Youyou Yang, Chaohua Tang, Qingyu Zhao, Junmin Zhang, Huiyan Zhang, Yuchang Qin","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01175-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01175-z","url":null,"abstract":"Caffeic acid (CA) and its derivative, chlorogenic acid (CGA), have shown promise in preventing and alleviating fatty liver disease. CA, compared to CGA, has much lower production costs and higher bioavailability, making it a potentially superior feed additive. However, the efficacy, mechanistic differences, and comparative impacts of CA and CGA on fatty liver disease in laying hens remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of CA and CGA on production performance, egg quality, and fatty liver disease in laying hens. A total of 1,440 61-week-old Hyline Brown laying hens were randomly divided into 8 groups and fed diets supplemented with basal diet, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of CA, and 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of CGA (CON, CA25, CA50, CA100, CA200, CGA100, CGA200 and CGA400, respectively) for 12 weeks. Both CA and CGA improved production performance and egg quality, while reducing markers of hepatic damage and lipid accumulation. CA and CGA significantly decreased TG, TC, and LDL-C levels and increased T-SOD activity. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that CA and CGA reduced hepatic lipid accumulation through downregulation of lipid biosynthesis-related genes (ACLY, ACACA, FASN, and SCD1) and enhanced lipid transport and oxidation genes (FABPs, CD36, CPT1A, ACOX1, and SCP2). Of note, low-dose CA25 exhibited equivalent efficacy to the higher dose CGA100 group in alleviating fatty liver conditions. Mechanistically, CA and CGA alleviated lipid accumulation via activation of the ADPN-AMPK-PPARα signaling pathway. This study demonstrates that dietary CA and CGA effectively improve laying performance, egg quality, and hepatic lipid metabolism in laying hens, with CA potentially being more economical and efficient. Transcriptomic and proteomic evidence highlight shared mechanisms between CA25 and CGA100. These findings provide a foundation for CA and CGA as therapeutic agents for fatty liver disease and related metabolic diseases in hens, and also offer insights into the targeted modification of CGA (including the isomer of CGA) into CA, thereby providing novel strategies for the efficient utilization of CGA. (1) Dietary CA and CGA improve fatty liver, laying performance and egg quality. (2) Lower dose of CA25 achieves the equivalent improvement as CGA100 or CGA200. (3) CA and CGA mediate the ADPN-AMPK-PPARα pathway to alleviate fatty liver.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of non-starch polysaccharide sources with enzymes influencing intestinal mucosa-associated microbiota and mucosal immunity of nursery pigs on growth and carcass traits at market weight","authors":"Jonathan T. Baker, Zixiao Deng, Alexa R. Gormley, Sung Woo Kim","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01170-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01170-4","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effects of different non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) sources with NSP degrading enzymes (NSPases) and the influence on the mucosa-associated microbiota and intestinal immunity of nursery pigs, on growth performance and carcass traits at market weight. One hundred and sixty newly weaned pigs at 7.0 ± 0.3 kg body weight (BW) were allotted in a 2 × 2 factorial with NSP sources and NSPases serving as factors. The 4 dietary treatments were: DDGS, corn distillers’ dried grains with solubles as source of NSP; DDGS + NSPases (DDGS +), DDGS with xylanase at 0.01%, 3,000 U/kg of feed and β-mannanase at 0.05%, 400 U/kg of feed; SHWB, soybean hulls and wheat bran replacing corn DDGS as the source of NSP; SHWB with NSPases (SHWB +), SHWB with xylanase at 0.01%, 3,000 U/kg of feed and β-mannanase at 0.05%, 400 U/kg of feed. Pigs were fed for 37 d and housed in groups of 4 pigs per pen. At d 37, the median body weight pig in each pen was euthanized for sampling to analyze intestinal health parameters. Remaining pigs were fed a common diet for subsequent phases to evaluate the carryover effect on growth and carcass traits. The SHWB decreased (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Helicobacter, tended to increase (P = 0.074) the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, increased (P < 0.05) immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the jejunal mucosa, tended to increase (P = 0.096) the villus height (VH) in the jejunum, and tended to improve ADG (P = 0.099) and feed efficiency (P = 0.068) during phase 1 compared to DDGS treatment. Supplementation of NSPases increased (P < 0.05) Shannon index of diversity, increased the relative abundance of Streptococcus and Acinetobacter, and tended to increase (P = 0.082) dry matter digestibility. The BW of pigs fed SHWB was more uniform (P < 0.05) at the end of the 120 d study. Additionally, hot carcass weight of pigs fed SHWB tended to be more uniform (P = 0.089) than DDGS treatment. Soybean hulls and wheat bran replacing DDGS in nursery diets improved uniformity of pigs at market weight, which might be attributed to beneficial modulation of the mucosa-associated microbiota and enhanced intestinal morphology during the nursery phase. Supplementation of NSPases had beneficial effects on the intestinal mucosa-associated microbiota, digestibility, and intestinal immunity in SHWB treatment, whereas no carryover effects were overserved at market weight.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rumen-protected methionine and lysine supplementation to the low protein diet improves animal growth through modulating colonic microbiome in lambs","authors":"Zhibin Luo, Huimin Ou, Zhiliang Tan, Jinzhen Jiao","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01183-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01183-z","url":null,"abstract":"Dietary protein level and amino acid (AA) balance are crucial determinants of animal health and productivity. Supplementing rumen-protected AAs in low-protein diets was considered as an efficient strategy to improve the growth performance of ruminants. The colon serves as a crucial conduit for nutrient metabolism during rumen-protected methionine (RPMet) and rumen-protected lysine (RPLys) supplementation, however, it has been challenging to clarify which specific microbiota and their metabolites play a pivotal role in this process. Here, we applied metagenomic and metabolomic approaches to compare the characteristic microbiome and metabolic strategies in the colon of lambs fed a control diet (CON), a low-protein diet (LP) or a LP diet supplemented with RPMet and RPLys (LR). The LP treatment decreased the average daily weight gain (ADG) in lambs, while the LR treatment tended to elicit a remission in ADG. The butyrate molar concentration was greater (P < 0.05), while acetate molar concentration (P < 0.05) was lower for lambs fed the LP and LR diets compared to those fed the CON diet. Moreover, the LP treatment remarkably decreased total AA concentration (P < 0.05), while LR treatment showed an improvement in the concentrations of methionine, lysine, leucine, glutamate, and tryptophan. Metagenomic insights proved that the microbial metabolic potentials referring to biosynthesis of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and AAs in the colon were remarkably altered by three dietary treatments. Metagenomic binning identified distinct microbial markers for the CON group (Alistipes spp., Phocaeicola spp., and Ruminococcus spp.), LP group (Fibrobacter spp., Prevotella spp., Ruminococcus spp., and Escherichia coli), and LR group (Akkermansia muciniphila and RUG099 spp.). Our findings suggest that RPMet and RPLys supplementation to the low-protein diet could enhance the microbial biosynthesis of butyrate and amino acids, enriche the beneficial bacteria in the colon, and thereby improve the growth performance of lambs.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143640756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Maternal zinc alleviates tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress on embryonic development involving the activation of Nrf2/PGC-1α pathway","authors":"Liang Huang, Wei Gao, Xuri He, Tong Yuan, Huaqi Zhang, Xiufen Zhang, Wenxuan Zheng, Qilin Wu, Ju Liu, Wence Wang, Lin Yang, Yongwen Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01179-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01179-9","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Correction: J Animal Sci Biotechnol 14, 45 (2023)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-023–00852-1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p&gt;Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported that Fig. 3 were incorrect because there was naming error occurred during the archiving of electron microscopy micrographs of mitochondrial ultrastructure for maternal Zn treatment referring to Zn + pbs and Zn + BHP groups, resulting in the incorrect use of these images in Fig. 3D. The other elements of the Fig. 3D remain the same, and the interpretation of the results remains unchanged. This error does not affect the conclusions drawn in the paper.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Figure 3 is corrected from:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;figure&gt;&lt;figcaption&gt;&lt;b data-test=\"figure-caption-text\"&gt;Fig. 3&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;picture&gt;&lt;source srcset=\"//media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs40104-025-01179-9/MediaObjects/40104_2025_1179_Fig1_HTML.png?as=webp\" type=\"image/webp\"/&gt;&lt;img alt=\"figure 1\" aria-describedby=\"Fig1\" height=\"477\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"//media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs40104-025-01179-9/MediaObjects/40104_2025_1179_Fig1_HTML.png\" width=\"685\"/&gt;&lt;/picture&gt;&lt;p&gt;Maternal Zn addition attenuated in ovo injected BHP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in embryo. The maternal Con and Zn groups diets were supplemented with either 0 or 220 mg Zn/kg diet for female broiler breeders. The embryos from Con and Zn groups were subjected to in ovo injection of either pbs or 600 μmol/L BHP on E14.&lt;b&gt; A&lt;/b&gt; Effect maternal Zn addition on egg yolk Zn content. &lt;b&gt;B&lt;/b&gt; Effect maternal Zn addition on hatchability performance. &lt;b&gt;C&lt;/b&gt; Effect maternal Zn addition and in ovo injected BHP treatment on mitochondrial ROS and MMP. &lt;b&gt;D &lt;/b&gt;Representative electron microscopy micrographs of mitochondrial ultrastructure. &lt;b&gt;E–G&lt;/b&gt; Effect maternal Zn addition and in ovo injected BHP treatment on MDA, GSH, and MT4 contents in isolated cytoplasm and mitochondria. &lt;b&gt;H&lt;/b&gt; Effect maternal Zn addition and in ovo injected BHP treatment on CuZnSOD activity in isolated cytoplasm. &lt;b&gt;I–J&lt;/b&gt; Effect maternal Zn addition and in ovo injected BHP treatment on hepatic ATP content and mtDNA copy number. &lt;b&gt;K&lt;/b&gt; and &lt;b&gt;L&lt;/b&gt; Effect maternal Zn addition and in ovo injected BHP treatment on hepatic MT4, Nrf-2, PGC-1α, PPAR-α protein expressions. Graph bars in A and B were analyzed using unpaired two-tailed Student’s &lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt;-test (&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;∗&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 6), while graph bars in &lt;b&gt;C&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;b&gt;E&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;b&gt;G&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;b&gt;H&lt;/b&gt;,&lt;b&gt; I&lt;/b&gt; and&lt;b&gt; J&lt;/b&gt; marked with different letters on top represent statistically significant results (&lt;i&gt;P &lt;/i&gt;&lt; 0.05, &lt;i&gt;n &lt;/i&gt;= 4–6) based on Tukey’s post hoc analysis, whereas bars labelled with the same letter correspond to results that show no statistically significant differences. Data were mean ± SEM&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Full size image&lt;/span&gt;&lt;svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" role=\"img\" width=\"16\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#i","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"199 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of zinc caproate supplementation on growth performance, intestinal health, anti-inflammatory activity, and Zn homeostasis in weaned piglets challenged with Escherichia coli K88","authors":"Jilong Xu, Hanzhen Qiao, Liping Gan, Peng Wang, Yifeng Zhao, Zetian Lei, Yixuan Chou, Chenrui Hou, Mengqi Li, Jinrong Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01172-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01172-2","url":null,"abstract":"Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the primary causes of diarrhea in piglets, creating substantial economic losses in the swine farming industry worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of zinc caproate (ZnCA, C12H22O4Zn) on the intestinal health, growth performance, inflammatory status, and Zn homeostasis of weaned piglets challenged with ETEC K88. In total, 48 weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 7.78 ± 0.19 kg, 28 d) were selected for a 21-d experiment. Each experimental treatment consisted of 6 replicate pens with 2 piglets each. The treatment conditions were as follows: i) a basal diet (CON), ii) a basal diet + ETEC K88 (NC), iii) a basal diet + 2,500 mg/kg of Zn (provided as zinc oxide, ZnO) + ETEC K88 (PC), and iv) a basal diet + 1,600 mg/kg of Zn (provided as ZnCA) + ETEC K88 (ZnCA). The addition of 1,600 mg/kg ZnCA to the diet of post-weaning piglets effectively enhanced growth performance and nutrient digestibility and reduced the incidence of diarrhea and inflammatory reactions caused by ETEC K88 infection. These therapeutic effects were comparable to those of pharmacological doses of ZnO. In terms of improving intestinal health and Zn homeostasis in post-weaning piglets challenged with ETEC K88, the effectiveness of 1,600 mg/kg ZnCA surpassed that of pharmacological doses of ZnO. Overall, under the experimental conditions of this study, ZnCA exhibited the potential to reduce the pharmacological dosage of ZnO while improving intestinal health and Zn homeostasis in weaned piglets. ","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MSTN knockout enhances the production of MYOD1-mediated steak-type cultivated meat","authors":"Kyeong-Hyeon Eom, Dayi Jeong, Jae-Yoon Choi, Gyeong-Min Gim, Soo-Young Yum, Sumin Jin, Hojae Bae, Goo Jang","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01173-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01173-1","url":null,"abstract":"As the global population increases, the demand for protein sources is expected to increase, driving the demand for cell-based cultivated meat. This study aimed to enhance the productivity of cultivated meat through optimization of the cell source and organization process. We engineered fibroblasts into myogenic cells via non-viral introduction of the MYOD1 gene, avoiding viral methods for safety. After confirming the stable derivation of myogenic cells, we combined knockout (KO) of MSTN, a negative regulator of myogenesis, with MYOD1-mediated myogenesis to improve cultivated meat production. Primary cells from MSTN KO cattle exhibited enhanced myogenic potential. Additionally, when tested in immortalized fibroblasts, myostatin treatment reduced MYOD1-induced myogenesis in two-dimensional cultures, while MSTN knockout increased it. To achieve muscle-like cell alignment, we employed digital light processing (DLP)-based three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting to organize cells into 3D groove-shaped hydrogels. These bioactive hydrogels supported stable cell proliferation and significantly improved muscle cell alignment. Upon differentiation into myotubes, the cells demonstrated an ordered alignment, particularly the MSTN KO cells, which showed highly efficient differentiation. The integration of genetic modification and advanced DLP 3D bioprinting with groove-patterned hydrogels provides an effective strategy for producing high-quality, muscle-aligned cultivated meat.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"192 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143589638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-cell transcriptomics reveals the cellular dynamics of hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid in exerting mouse male reproductive toxicity","authors":"Xupeng Zang, Yongzhong Wang, Lei Jiang, Yuhao Qiu, Yue Ding, Shengchen Gu, Gengyuan Cai, Ting Gu, Linjun Hong","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01177-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01177-x","url":null,"abstract":"Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX), a substitute for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, has been widely detected in various environmental matrices and foods recently, attracting great attention. However, a systematic characterization of its reproductive toxicity is still missing. This study aims to explore the male reproductive toxicity caused by GenX exposure and the potential cellular and molecular regulatory mechanisms behind it. Normally developing mice were exposed to GenX, and testicular tissue was subsequently analyzed and validated using single-cell RNA sequencing. Our results revealed that GenX induced severe testicular damage, disrupted the balance between undifferentiated and differentiated spermatogonial stem cells, and led to strong variation in the cellular dynamics of spermatogenesis. Furthermore, GenX exposure caused global upregulation of testicular somatic cellular inflammatory responses, increased abnormal macrophage differentiation, and attenuated fibroblast adhesion, disorganizing the somatic-germline interactions. In conclusion, this study revealed complex cellular dynamics and transcriptome changes in mouse testis after GenX exposure, providing a valuable resource for understanding its reproductive toxicity.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143589637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased maternal consumption of methionine as its hydroxyl analog improves placental angiogenesis and antioxidative capacity in sows","authors":"Rui Zhou, Shanshan Lai, Peiqiang Yuan, Li Zhe, Lunxiang Yang, Yves Mercier, Liang Hu, Xiaoling Zhang, Lun Hua, Yong Zhuo, Shengyu Xu, Yan Lin, Bin Feng, Lianqiang Che, De Wu, Zhengfeng Fang","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01159-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01159-z","url":null,"abstract":"Previous evidence suggests that methionine (Met) consumption can promote placental angiogenesis and improve fetal survival. To investigate the mechanisms by which increased levels of Met as hydroxyl-Met (OHMet) improve placental function, forty sows were divided into four groups and fed either a control diet, or diets supplemented with 0.15% OHMet, 0.3% OHMet or 0.3% Met (n = 10). Placentas were collected immediately after expulsion, and extracted proteins were analyzed by tandem mass tag based quantitative proteomic analysis. We found that 0.15% OHMet consumption significantly increased placental vascular density compared with the control. Proteomic analysis identified 5,136 proteins, 87 of these were differentially expressed (P < 0.05, |fold change| > 1.2). Enriched pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes for 0.15% OHMet vs. control and 0.15% OHMet vs. 0.3% OHMet were glutathione metabolism; for 0.15% OHMet vs. 0.3% Met, they were NOD-like receptor signaling and apoptosis. Further analysis revealed that 0.15% OHMet supplementation upregulated the protein expression of glutathione-S-transferase (GSTT1) in placentas and trophoblast cells compared with the control and 0.3% OHMet groups, upregulated thioredoxin (TXN) in placentas and trophoblast cells compared with the 0.3% OHMet and 0.3% Met groups, and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in trophoblast cells compared with other groups. In contrast, sows fed 0.3% OHMet or 0.3% Met diets increased placental interleukin 1β levels compared with the control, and upregulated the protein expression of complex I-B9 (NDUFA3) compared with the 0.15% OHMet group. Furthermore, homocysteine, an intermediate in the trans-sulphuration pathway of Met, damaged placental function by inhibiting the protein expression of TXN, leading to apoptosis and ROS production. Although dietary 0.15% OHMet supplementation improved placental angiogenesis and increased antioxidative capacity, 0.3% OHMet or 0.3% Met supplementation impaired placental function by aggravating inflammation and oxidative stress, which is associated with cumulative homocysteine levels.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota-mediated bile acid transformations regulate the transport of aflatoxin B1 from the intestine to the liver in piglets","authors":"Jiangdi Mao, Yusen Wei, Zhixiang Ni, Jinzhi Zhang, Junli Zhu, Haifeng Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01169-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01169-x","url":null,"abstract":"Aflatoxins have been reported as a significant pollutant in feed, capable of causing harm to the liver, gastrointestinal tract and kidneys of piglets. However, research on the interactions among aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), bile acid (BA) metabolism and gut microbiota is limited. In this study, piglets were treated with AFB1 and antibiotics (ABX) to evaluate the interaction between AFB1 and gut microbiota. Subsequently, the roles of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and sterol 12α-hydroxylase (CYP8B1) in AFB1 absorption were studied by using FXR agonists obeticholic acid (OCA) and Cyp8b1-knockout (KO) mice, respectively. AFB1 inhibited bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity in ileal microbiota, downregulated ileal FXR expression, and upregulated CYP8B1 expression in liver, increasing the proportion of 12α-OH BAs and potentially enhancing AFB1 absorption. ABX treatment reduced AFB1 absorption and liver damage, and unexpectedly increased BSH activity, counteracting the AFB1-induced downregulation of FXR and upregulation of CYP8B1. OCA reactivated ileal FXR, reduced AFB1 absorption, and alleviated liver damage. Furthermore, Cyp8b1-KO mice showed increased resistance to AFB1-induced liver damage by lowering AFB1 absorption. These results underscore the significance of gut microbiota and BAs in AFB1 absorption, suggesting new strategies to mitigate health risks from AFB1 in piglets.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143575435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of hypoxia stress on the milk synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells","authors":"Yanshan Jin, Zhuolin Liu, Ziyan Yang, Lizhu Fang, Feng-Qi Zhao, Hongyun Liu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01174-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01174-0","url":null,"abstract":"Milk synthesis is an energy-intensive process influenced by oxygen availability. This study investigates how hypoxia affects milk synthesis in BMECs, focusing on key genes involved in lactation and energy metabolism. BMECs were cultured in a normoxic environment and then transferred to a hypoxia chamber with 1% O2 for specified durations. The study evaluated cellular responses through various molecular experiments and RNA sequencing. Small interfering RNA was employed to knock down HIF-1α to investigate whether the lactation-related phenotype alteration depends on HIF-1α. Hypoxia disrupted milk protein production by reducing mTOR/P70S6K/4EBP1 signaling and downregulating genes critical for amino acid transport and protein synthesis. Triglyceride synthesis increased due to enhanced fatty acid uptake and the upregulation of regulatory proteins, including FASN and PPARγ. Although glucose uptake was elevated under hypoxia, key enzymes for lactose synthesis were downregulated, suggesting a redirection of glucose toward energy production. Mitochondrial function was impaired under hypoxia, with reduced gene expression in TCA cycle, ETC, cytosol-mitochondrial transport, decreased ATP levels, increased ROS levels, and structural alterations. Additionally, lipid synthesis and glucose uptake depend on HIF-1α, while milk protein synthesis alterations occurred independently of HIF-1α. Hypoxia alters milk synthesis in BMECs by disrupting milk protein synthesis, enhancing lipid metabolism, and impairing energy production. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of oxygen deprivation on lactation efficiency, offering potential targets for mitigating hypoxic stress in the mammary glands of dairy animals.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}