Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Dietary xylooligosaccharides modulate oxidative stress and pathogen resistance in growing rabbits","authors":"Aipeng Mao, Xiaoyan Peng, Junning Pu, Yanbin Chen, Qingyue Liu, Jingyi Cai, Hua Zhao, Gang Jia, Gang Tian","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01268-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01268-9","url":null,"abstract":"Given the high incidence of gastrointestinal disorders in intensive rabbit production, we assessed the effects of graded levels of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal health in growing rabbits. The 35-day-old weaned rabbits (889.41 ± 0.41 g) were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments (0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5 g/kg XOS) and the trial lasted for 35 d. The results revealed that linear trend responses of body weight (BW) to XOS on d 21 and 35 (P ≤ 0.05). During d 1–21, 0.2 g/kg XOS increased average daily feed intake (ADFI) while 0.5 g/kg improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly (P ≤ 0.05). Weight gain rate (WGR) showed a linear trend, while FCR showed a quadratic response (P ≤ 0.05). Throughout the 35-d trial, 0.2 and 0.3 g/kg XOS enhanced ADFI, and 0.4 g/kg XOS improved FCR significantly, average daily gain (ADG) demonstrated linear dose-responsiveness, while WGR and FCR showed quadratic trends (P ≤ 0.05). Notably, 0.2 g/kg XOS elevated serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and ileal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels. Furthermore, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 g/kg XOS reduced jejunal malonaldehyde (MDA) content, 0.4 g/kg XOS decreased serum MDA, and 0.5 g/kg XOS elevated serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) significantly (P ≤ 0.05). 0.2, 0.4, 0.5 g/kg XOS improved the digestibility of crude fiber (CF), 0.2 and 0.4 g/kg XOS increased acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) also increased among all treatments, although 0.5 g/kg XOS reduced cellulase activity significantly (P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, graded levels of XOS significantly changed the relative abundance of specific bacteria, and 0.4 and 0.5 g/kg XOS enhanced the content of valeric acid significantly (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of XOS serves as an effective nutritional strategy to optimize bacterial community in the cecum, improve fiber digestion and valeric acid production, while enhances resistance to intestinal pathogen infection and oxidative stress in rabbit production.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145455312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glutathione mitigates hypoxia-induced gill damage in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy","authors":"Shenghua Zeng, Lin Feng, Pei Wu, Yang Liu, Yaobin Ma, Hongmei Ren, Xiaowan Jin, Xiaoqiu Zhou, Weidan Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01274-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01274-x","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental hypoxia is a common phenomenon in aquaculture, which causes gill tissue injury in fish. Glutathione (GSH) is a vital antioxidant in animal tissues, and its levels decrease under hypoxic conditions. However, the effects of glutathione on fish under hypoxic stress remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the impact of glutathione on gill tissue damage in fish under hypoxic stress and explore the underlying mechanisms. Six experimental diets with varying glutathione concentrations. The actual glutathione levels in these diets, measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, were 0.00, 145.95, 291.90, 437.85, 583.80, and 729.75 mg/kg, respectively. Fish were fed these diets for 70 d, after which a 96-h hypoxic stress experiment was conducted. The experiment was set up with normoxic and hypoxic groups, in which the dissolved oxygen in the group was 6 mg/L, and that in the group was 1 mg/L. This research revealed that glutathione could enhance the growth performance and antioxidant capability of juvenile grass carp while mitigating the structural damage to gill tissues induced by hypoxia stress. Mechanistic investigations further indicated that glutathione mitigated hypoxia-induced oxidative injury in gill tissues and improved their antioxidant capacity. In addition, glutathione attenuated gill apoptosis induced by hypoxia stress. Glutathione also inhibited the initiation, nucleation, elongation, and degradation phases of autophagy, thereby attenuating hypoxia-induced gill autophagy. Moreover, glutathione was found to alleviate hypoxia-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in gills, a response potentially linked to the suppression of PERK, IRE1, and ATF6 signaling pathways. Finally, based on the ROS and PC contents in gill tissue, the optimum glutathione supplementation levels for juvenile grass carp under hypoxia stress were 437.10 and 495.00 mg/kg, respectively. In conclusion, our experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of glutathione in alleviating gill tissue damage caused by hypoxic stress. This study confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of dietary glutathione addition to alleviate hypoxic stress in fish.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145447195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taurochenodeoxycholic acid promotes abdominal fat deposition by modulating the crosstalk between bile acid metabolism and intestinal microbiota in broilers","authors":"Xi Sun, Chaohui Wang, Xiaoying Liu, Yun Li, Zhouzheng Ren, Xiaojun Yang, Yanli Liu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01280-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01280-z","url":null,"abstract":"The role of bile acids in modulating the gut microbiota and their impact on host metabolism has garnered significant attention. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) is the predominant bile acid within the chicken bile acid pool and is closely related to metabolic disorders. The current study aims to investigate the potential effects of TCDCA on abdominal fat deposition in broilers. From 14 to 28 days of age, the broilers in the CON group received an oral administration of 1 mL of saline, while those in the treatment groups were administered 1 mL of a solution containing 0.05 g, 0.10 g, or 0.20 g of TCDCA. The results showed that TCDCA treatments from 14 to 28 d had no significant effects on BW, ADFI, ADG and FCR in broilers at the age of 28 days of age. However, the abdominal fat percentage in the 0.20 g TCDCA group significantly increased, accompanied by higher TBA and HDL-c levels, as well as a reduction in apolipoprotein B levels in serum. In addition, serum triglyceride levels tended to be higher in the 0.20 g TCDCA group (P = 0.098). The 0.20 g TCDCA treatment increased the gene expressions of SREBP-1, C/EBP-α, and ELOVL6, while decreasing the mRNA abundance of ATGL and CPT-1 in the abdominal fat. Serum levels of TCDCA, TDCA, and THDCA were significantly higher after 0.20 g TCDCA administration, while TCA levels were significantly lower, as determined by the targeted bile acid metabolomics analysis. Conversely, hepatic mRNA levels of CYP7A1, CYP27A1, BAAT, and BSEP were increased in the 0.20 g TCDCA group. The oral administration of 0.20 g TCDCA also upregulated the expression of FXR, VDR, and FGF19 in abdominal fat. The 16S rRNA analysis of cecal microbiota revealed that a decrease in the Shannon and Simpson indexes in the 0.20 g TCDCA group, and an increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. LEfSe analysis revealed that the predominant bacteria in the CON group were Streptococcus and Oscillospira at the genus level, while Lactobacillus, Parabacteroides, Anaeroplasma, and Helicobacter were identified as the dominant genera in the 0.20 g TCDCA group. Functional predictions for the gut microbiota exhibited that lipid metabolism, replication and repair pathway were enhanced in the 0.20 g TCDCA group. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the abundance of Lactobacillus was positively correlated with serum levels of TCDCA, THDCA, and TDCA, while the abundance of Streptococcus and Oscillospira showed a positive correlation with serum TCA levels. Overall, this study elucidates that the intervention of 0.20 g TCDCA may promote abdominal fat deposition by activating bile acid receptors in abdominal fat, and concurrent alterations in both the intestinal microbial community and bile acid profile. ","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145397432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taurodeoxycholic, taurocholic, and glycocholic acids promote hepatic gluconeogenesis via TGR5 in dairy cows","authors":"Miaomiao Zhu, Yining Zheng, Shiyang Lou, Ruixu Zhang, Dingping Feng, Xinjian Lei, Lei Chen, Jianguo Wang, Junhu Yao, Lu Deng","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01275-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01275-w","url":null,"abstract":"Ruminants and monogastric animals exhibit significant differences in gluconeogenic efficiency. In dairy cows, hepatic gluconeogenesis serves as the primary source of glucose. Metabolites modulate gluconeogenesis efficiency through allosteric regulation, redox state, and signal transduction pathways. However, the liver-enriched metabolites that regulate hepatic gluconeogenesis in dairy cows and their specific regulatory mechanisms remain incompletely characterized. Six Holstein dairy cows and six Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) (DLY) crossbred pigs served as research subjects. Employing non-targeted and targeted metabolomics, we discovered that three bile acids—taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA), taurocholic acid (TCA), and glycocholic acid (GCA)—were highly enriched in Holstein dairy cows’ livers. In bovine hepatocytes, individual or combined stimulation of these bile acids significantly upregulated the expression of gluconeogenesis genes (FBP1, PCK1 and G6PC) and enhanced glucose production. In fasting mice with induced gluconeogenesis, TDCA, TCA, and GCA increased fasting blood glucose levels, and pyruvate tolerance tests further revealed their capacity to enhance hepatic gluconeogenesis, enabling more efficient glucose synthesis from pyruvate. Mechanistically, these bile acids activated Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), elevated intracellular cAMP levels, and ultimately enhanced gluconeogenesis via the transcription factor cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB). Notably, a TGR5 inhibitor abrogated the stimulatory effects of TDCA, TCA, and GCA on hepatic gluconeogenesis in fasting mice. TDCA, TCA, and GCA are key metabolites promoting hepatic gluconeogenesis in dairy cows, with TGR5 as the pivotal receptor and the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway as the critical downstream mechanism.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145397462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of high-glucose-induced mitochondrial damage and glycolipid accumulation in largemouth bass","authors":"Zhihong Liao, Xuanshu He, Xingyu Gu, Tao Ye, Anqi Chen, Yucai Guo, Wei Zhao, Jin Niu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01261-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01261-2","url":null,"abstract":"The carnivorous fish, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), has difficulty metabolizing dietary carbohydrates, frequently resulting in issues with energy metabolism and fatty liver disease. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms involved are still not fully understood. The results of high-carbohydrate (HC) diets and high-glucose (HG) treatments in largemouth bass hepatocytes showed that high-glucose causes liver damage and glycolipid accumulation. High-glucose promoted the lipogenesis process by activating AMPK/ACC/SREBP-1 pathway and reduced bile acid synthesis by downregulating cholesterol 7-hydroxylase (cyp7a1) and sterol 12-hydroxylase (cyp8b1). Concurrently, HG treatments also caused mitochondrial fission and damage by increasing the expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), leading to impaired mitochondria accumulation and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis via the p38 MAPK/Bcl-2/Casp3 pathway. Additionally, HG treatments decreased Sirt1 expression and relocated it from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it interacts with autophagosomes and lysosomes, inhibiting Pink1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. This also led to the cytoplasmic translocation of Pink1 and its co-localization with Sirt1, indicating that Sirt1 regulates high glucose-induced metabolic stress by inhibiting the Pink1/Parkin mitophagy pathway. In summary, HG treatment induces mitochondrial damage and glycolipid accumulation in largemouth bass through mechanisms involving AMPK/SREBP1/ACC1-mediated lipogenesis, bile acid metabolism, Sirt-mediated mitophagy, and p38 MAPK/Bcl-2/Casp3-activated apoptosis. ","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"25 1","pages":"132"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145289270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary L-glutamate and L-aspartate supplementation on growth performance, severity of diarrhea, intestinal barrier integrity, and fecal microbiota of weaned piglets challenged with F18 enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli","authors":"Supatirada Wongchanla, Kunal Dixit, Sangwoo Park, Kwangwook Kim, Shuhan Sun, Maria Marco, Steven B. Palomares, Alejandra Mejia-Caballero, Sahana Mohan, Xunde Li, Xiaojing Li, Yanhong Liu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01266-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01266-x","url":null,"abstract":"L-Glutamate and L-aspartate are functional amino acids that play pivotal roles in the cellular metabolic pathways of swine enterocytes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary L-glutamate and L-aspartate on growth performance, diarrhea severity, intestinal barrier integrity, and fecal microbiota of weaned piglets challenged with F18 enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Weaned piglets were randomly assigned to seven dietary treatments, including unchallenged and ETEC-challenged controls, amino acid-supplemented groups, and an antibiotic control, to assess their responses to ETEC challenge. Supplementation with 1% L-glutamate or 2% L-aspartate enhanced growth performance, with significantly greater (P < 0.05) average daily weight gain and gain-to-feed ratio compared with the positive control group from d 0 to d 5 post-inoculation. Pigs fed with 1% or 2% L-aspartate had reduced (P < 0.05) diarrhea severity in ETEC-challenged pigs compared with the positive control group. The 1% L-aspartate supplementation also supported intestinal structure by increasing (P < 0.05) duodenal villi height and ileal villi width compared with carbadox supplementation. Additionally, 1% L-glutamate supplementation significantly improved (P < 0.05) resilience in ETEC-challenged pigs by reducing fecal shedding of β-hemolysin-producing bacteria compared with the positive control group on d 14 post-inoculation. Moreover, 1% L-aspartate supplementation promoted intestinal barrier integrity by significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) the expression of ileal OCDN and ileal ZO-1 compared with the positive control group on d 14 post-inoculation. Interestingly, 2% L-aspartate supplementation altered the intestinal mucosa by down-regulating (P < 0.05) the expression of jejunal CLDN-1, while up-regulating (P < 0.05) the expression of ileal CLDN-1 compared with the negative control group on d 14 post-inoculation. Furthermore, L-glutamate supplementation significantly changed proportions of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota and showed the trend for enrichment in beneficial bacterial genera such as Bifidobacterium and Megasphaera in ETEC-infected pigs by d 14 post-inoculation. Supplementation with L-glutamate or L-aspartate promoted growth performance, supported gut health, and enhanced disease resistance in weaned pigs challenged with F18 ETEC. During the weaning period, L-glutamate or L-aspartate could potentially be considered conditionally essential amino acids, helping to alleviate weaning complications and reduce the need for antibiotic use in swine farming.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145188846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proinflammatory polarization of adipose tissue macrophages in cows with subclinical ketosis constitutes a critical driver of adipose tissue remodeling and inflammation","authors":"Bichen Zhao, Ming Li, Huijing Zhang, Renxu Chang, Jingyi Wang, Wanli Zhao, Yue Yang, Muhammad Usman, Juan J. Loor, Chuang Xu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01252-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01252-3","url":null,"abstract":"Sustained lipolysis exacerbates subclinical ketosis (SCK) in dairy cows and is associated with inflammation and adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) infiltration. While ATM involvement in adipose homeostasis and inflammation in early lactation is recognized, a comprehensive exploration of ATM polarization phenotypes in SCK cows is lacking. This study aimed to characterize ATM polarization and its link to lipolysis and inflammation in SCK cows. Subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were obtained from dairy cows to analyze protein expression and gene profiles. Compared with healthy cows, SCK cows had higher serum BHBA and NEFA, smaller adipocytes, and increased expression of lipolytic enzymes (LIPE, ATGL), indicating enhanced lipolysis. Decreased levels of FASN, PPARγ, p-SMAD3, and TGFβ suggested impaired adipogenesis. Inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IFN-γ, TLR4, Caspase1) and NFκB signaling activity were elevated. ATM infiltration was supported by increased CD9, CD68, TREM2, and CXCL1 expression. Protein abundance of M1 polarization markers (iNOS, CD86 and CCL2) in ATMs were associated with greater levels of NOS2, IL1B, CD86 and CCL2 mRNA expression in SCK cows; fluorescence intensity of NOS2 and CD86 also was elevated, alongside a higher proportion of CD68+/CD86+ immunopositive cells within adipose tissue. ELISA further quantified increased concentrations of IL-1β and CCL2. Conversely, the abundance of ATM M2 polarization markers, including CD206, IL-10, KLF4, and Arg1, at both the protein and mRNA levels demonstrated a decline. Meanwhile, the proportion of CD68+/CD206+ immune response cells was relatively low in SCK cows. Overall, the present study indicated an augmented macrophage presence within adipose tissue during subclinical ketosis, with a predominance of pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1 ATM). This observation suggested a vicious cycle wherein macrophage infiltration and pro-inflammatory polarization coincide with enhanced lipolysis and an amplified inflammatory cascade.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq analysis reveals miR-210a-5p regulates uterine aging in laying hens by targeting the RASL11B/Raf/MAPK pathway","authors":"Xiyu Zhao, Xinyan Li, Wenxin Zhang, Mingyue Gao, Conghao Zhong, Boxuan Zhang, Congjiao Sun, Yao Zhang, Shunshun Han, Huadong Yin","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01257-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01257-y","url":null,"abstract":"Uterine aging is a key factor contributing to the deterioration of egg quality and reproductive performance in laying hens. Despite its importance, the molecular mechanisms underlying uterine aging remain poorly defined. This study aimed to characterize gene expression and regulatory changes associated with uterine aging in hens at different life stages. Transcriptomic Analysis of uterine tissue from hens aged 350, 500, And 700 d revealed dynamic changes in gene expression patterns during aging. A significant upregulation of genes involved in cellular senescence was observed, including increased expression of the p53 signaling pathway And markers associated with inflammation And cell cycle arrest. The most notable changes occurred between 350 And 500 d of age, suggesting this as a critical window for the onset of uterine aging. MicroRNA sequencing identified miR-210a-5p as significantly reduced with age. Target prediction and experimental validation showed that miR-210a-5p directly suppresses the expression of RASL11B, a Ras-like small GTPase that activates the MAPK signaling pathway. In primary uterine epithelial cells, reduced miR-210a-5p levels led to elevated RASL11B expression, increased activation of B-Raf, MEK, and ERK proteins, and enhanced expression of aging-related genes and inflammatory factors. In contrast, overexpression of miR-210a-5p or inhibition of the MAPK pathway delayed senescence and reduced inflammatory signaling. RASL11B overexpression was sufficient to induce aging phenotypes, confirming its central role in promoting uterine cellular aging. This study identifies a novel regulatory pathway in which miR-210a-5p modulates uterine aging through the RASL11B-MAPK signaling cascade. The findings provide mechanistic insight into age-related reproductive decline in hens and suggest that targeting this pathway may offer new strategies for maintaining uterine function and extending reproductive lifespan in poultry.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145116178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depot-dependent effects of subclinical ketosis on visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue transcriptional cellular diversity in dairy cows","authors":"Hunter Ford, Clarissa Strieder-Barboza","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01265-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01265-y","url":null,"abstract":"Adipose tissue plays a central role in regulating whole-body metabolic health, facilitated by the variety of cell types and their wide-ranging functions. In addition, depot-specific differences in adipose tissue have been shown to play important roles in different disease states including obesity, diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction in human and animal models. For early postpartum dairy cattle, metabolic dysfunction, triggered by a negative energy balance, is often manifested as subclinical ketosis (SCK). However, the role that subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue depots, and their diverse cellular compositions, play in the response to subclinical ketosis conditions is unclear. Flank SAT and omental VAT were collected via laparotomy from five non-ketotic (NK; BHB ≤ 0.8 mmol/L) and five subclinical ketosis (SCK; 1.4 mmol/L < BHB ≤ 2.6 mmol/L) multiparous cows during early lactation. Following collection, nuclei were isolated from the tissue and subjected to single-nuclei RNA sequencing in order to investigate the transcriptional cellular heterogeneity. Distinct clusters of adipocytes (AD), adipose stem/progenitor cells (ASPC), immune cells (IMC), endothelial cells (EC), and pericyte/smooth muscle cells (PE/SMC) were identified in both adipose depots, with a greater abundance of ASPC in SAT compared to VAT. In addition, we identified a VAT-specific AD subtype characterized by higher expression of progenitor-like marker genes. While the abundance of none of the identified cell subtypes were different between SCK and NK, underlying transcriptional changes provided insight into potential effects of SCK. In general, SCK was associated with pro-lipogenic, anti-inflammatory, and pro-angiogenic transcriptional changes, possibly indicating a greater capacity for homeostatic responsiveness in SAT under conditions of enhanced negative energy balance. In contrast, SCK appeared to promote transcriptional changes indicative of impaired adipogenesis, impaired angiogenesis, and increased inflammation in VAT. Uniquely, our study presents novel insight into the cellular heterogeneity of adipose tissue in dairy cattle with subclinical ketosis. Furthering our understanding of the role of adipose tissue in response to this form of metabolic challenge has the potential to enhance efforts aimed at limiting the incidence and impact of subclinical ketosis and improving the health and productivity of dairy cattle.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"18 1","pages":"128"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIF1A regulates follicular atresia through O-GlcNAcylation-mediated VEZF1/ET-1/FOXO1/BAX signaling in porcine granulosa cells","authors":"Aiwen Jiang, Jialong Li, Luyao Wang, Yi Liu, Zhengchang Wu, Haifei Wang, Shenglong Wu, Wenbin Bao","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01263-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01263-0","url":null,"abstract":"Hypoxic stimuli induce follicular atresia by regulating granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis. Notably, mature follicles can still develop and ovulate under hypoxic conditions, highlighting the importance of the hypoxic adaptation in ovarian follicular selection. To date, the role and mechanism of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF1A)-mediated hypoxic responses in follicular atresia are unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether and how HIF1A regulates follicular atresia via the modulation of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) protein modification (O-GlcNAcylation). Our findings revealed that HIF1A was highly expressed in pig ovaries. Compared with that in healthy follicles, its expression was significantly downregulated in atretic follicles. Under hypoxic conditions, pharmacological inhibition or siRNA-mediated knockdown of HIF1A increased porcine GC apoptosis. Mechanistically, HIF1A knockdown Suppressed O-GlcNAc transferase degradation, leading to increased global O-GlcNAcylation. Using 4D label-free quantitative proteomics, we identified 53 O-GlcNAcylated proteins. Importantly, O-GlcNAcylation stabilized vascular endothelial zinc finger 1 (VEZF1), and HIF1A knockdown upregulated VEZF1 protein levels by promoting O-GlcNAcylation. The HIF1A-VEZF1 axis modulates forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) expression by regulating endothelin-1. As a transcription factor, FOXO1 directly binds to the Bcl-2 associated X (BAX) promoter, activating its transcription and ultimately inducing porcine GC apoptosis and follicular atresia. Overall, our study elucidates a novel molecular mechanism by which HIF1A deficiency modulates follicular atresia through O-GlcNAcylation-mediated VEZF1 expression. These results not only clarify the molecular mechanism of ovarian follicular development under hypoxic conditions but also offer potential targets for improving follicular selection efficiency in pig breeding.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}