Journal of analytical toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Psychoactive cocktail consumption on Reunion Island: a case report.","authors":"Joris Guyon, Adrien Maillot, Sophie Bastard, Flore Weisse, Amélie Daveluy, David Mété","doi":"10.1093/jat/bkaf009","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jat/bkaf009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reunion Island is a French department located in the southwestern Indian Ocean, with distinct trends in drug use, drug diversion, and intoxication compared with metropolitan France (e.g. the misuse of drugs-clonazepam and trihexyphenidyl-combined with cannabis or cocaine, which is not observed in metropolitan France). The authors report a case of atypical intoxication in a 16-year-old female who consumed cannabis in conjunction with an unusual powdered mixture containing psychotropic substances. The intoxication led to confusion, hallucinations, sinus tachycardia, and hospitalization. A comprehensive high-resolution mass spectrometry and liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of her plasma, her urine and a powder found in her possession revealed the presence of the same five medicines: citalopram/escitalopram, paroxetine, sertraline, venlafaxine, and trihexyphenidyl. This case underscores the intricate interactions between psychoactive substances that are never prescribed together in clinical settings, along with the issue of diverted prescription drugs like trihexyphenidyl. It also emphasizes the potential circulation and use of crushed mixtures of medication for recreational purpose. Fortunately, powder analysis provided crucial insight to understand the intoxication.</p>","PeriodicalId":14905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"369-373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicological detection of the new psychoactive substances MDPHP and MDPHpP in human urine samples by elucidation of their urinary metabolites using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.","authors":"Isabel Brueckner, Jessica Welter-Luedeke, Claudia Gutjahr-Ruhland, Matthias Graw, Liane D Paul","doi":"10.1093/jat/bkaf026","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jat/bkaf026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The continuous emergence of new psychoactive substances on the illicit drug market provides challenges for forensic and clinical analytics. Reliable detection of previous ingestion of these drugs in human urine samples requires elucidation of target metabolites and, in the case of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the knowledge of their derivatized mass spectra. The study presented here focused on the two pyrrolidinophenones 3,4-methylenedioxy-α-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (MDPHP) and 3,4-methylenedioxy-α-pyrrolidinoheptanophenone (MDPHpP), which could be identified in 25 and 3 authentic cases, respectively. Using a standard analytical procedure by means of full-scan GC-MS after acid hydrolysis and acetylation, phase I metabolites of both substances were identified in authentic urine samples by elucidation of their mass spectral fragmentation patterns. The postulated phase I metabolic steps of MDPHP and MDPHpP comprised demethylenation followed by methylation of the methylenedioxy moiety, oxidation of the pyrrolidine ring, N,N-bisdealkylation of the pyrrolidine ring to its primary amine, and hydroxylation of the aliphatic side chain. Various combinations were detected. Acetylated mass spectra of the metabolites were provided for both substances. The analogy in mass fragmentation of the proposed metabolites for the homologous parent compounds indicated a high plausibility. Based on the frequency of occurrence and abundances of the metabolites in the urine samples, target analytes for both substances and base peak fragment ions for specific mass search could be recommended for the mentioned procedure: m/z 140, 154, and 86 for MDPHP and m/z 154, 168, and 100 for MDPHpP. The study could support the detection of these new substances in forensic and clinical cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"299-314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in venous and capillary blood following ad libitum cannabis smoking by occasional and daily users.","authors":"G Dooley, S Godbole, J Wrobel, T Henthorn, A Brooks-Russell, S Limbacher, M Kosnett","doi":"10.1093/jat/bkaf043","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jat/bkaf043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) is the most prominent and main psychoactive cannabinoid found in cannabis. In forensic matters involving cannabis, such as drugged driving or workplace accident investigations, blood Δ9-THC determination is typically required. Venipuncture by a phlebotomist at a medical facility is often the standard blood collection protocol, but this procedure is time consuming and requires specialized training. Capillary blood collection at the site of a transportation or workplace mishap may provide a collection method that is logistically easier and may better reflect blood cannabinoid concentrations at the time of an incident. This study represents the first temporal comparison of the concentration of Δ9-THC and its primary metabolites in venous and capillary blood obtained from users following ad libitum inhalation of contemporary high-concentration cannabis products. Participants provided their own cannabis from a licensed Colorado dispensary and were instructed to smoke or vape ad libitum the amount most used for the desired effect during a 15-minute period. Capillary blood samples collected at the lateral shoulder using the TAP® II microneedle device and standard venipuncture samples at the forearm were collected contemporaneously at baseline and then 10, 30, 60, 90, and 140 minutes after the last inhalation and were analyzed for Δ9-THC, 11-hydroxy-Δ9-THC, and 11-carboxy-Δ9-THC by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Within-subject Δ9-THC concentrations trended lower, often up to 30 to 40%, in contemporaneous capillary blood samples than in venous blood samples until 140 min after cannabis smoking. Concentrations of the Δ9-THC metabolites 11-hydroxy-Δ9-THC and 11-carboxy-Δ9-THC were equivalent at all but the first timepoint after smoking. Due to logistical advantages, capillary blood collection by microneedle devices may be a viable option for qualitative detection of Δ9-THC and its metabolites soon after an incident or a quantitative determination if the samples are collected at least 2 hours after cannabis inhalation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protonitazene metabolite variability in post-mortem casework.","authors":"Rebecca Wood, Robert Moore","doi":"10.1093/jat/bkaf042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkaf042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Protonitazene is a highly potent synthetic opioid that has recently emerged in the illicit drug supply. Data on its metabolism and the detection of its metabolites in post-mortem specimens are limited. This study retrospectively analysed 14 post-mortem cases to investigate metabolite profiles in blood and urine using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Detected metabolites included 5-aminoprotonitazene, N-desethylprotonitazene, and 4-hydroxynitazene. Additionally, a novel metabolite, hydroxyprotonitazene, previously only observed in liver microsome models, was identified. Significant variability in the metabolites detected across cases was observed, likely influenced by differences in metabolism, post-mortem changes, sampling methods, and metabolite stability. This study underscores the challenges of detecting protonitazene exposure and highlights the necessity of targeting multiple metabolites, as no single marker reliably indicated protonitazene use. Further research is needed to confirm metabolite identities, evaluate their stability, and understand their role in protonitazene toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug transfer during intimate moments can produce an adverse analytical finding during a doping control. Case report with ligandrol.","authors":"Pascal Kintz, Laurie Gheddar","doi":"10.1093/jat/bkaf041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkaf041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are a new class of substances that have similar properties to anabolic steroid agents, but with marked reduced androgenic properties. As SARMs have the potential to be misused for performance enhancement in sport due to their anabolic properties as well as ability to stimulate androgen receptors in the muscle and the bone, they have been prohibited at-all-times by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) since 2008 under section S1.2 of the List. Ligandrol is one of the more popular SARMs. A WADA accredited laboratory identified in the urine of a female athlete bishydroxy-ligandrol, the major ligandrol metabolite at approx. 90 pg/mL (specimen A) and 200 pg/mL (specimen B). The athlete challenged this anti-doping rule violation and requested a hair test to document possible incidental exposure. About 7 weeks after urine collection, a hair specimen (brown in color and > 20 cm in length) was collected and segmented in 6 x 1 cm segments. Ligandrol was tested by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after alkaline incubation and extraction. With a limit of quantitation at 1 pg/mg, no ligandrol was identified. It appears that the athlete was unaware her husband was taking the substance, which was confirmed by his hair test (ligandrol at 7 and 8 pg/mg in 2 x 2.5 cm segments). The Court of Arbitration for Sports accepted the athlete's explanation that she had been exposed to ligandrol through the exchange of bodily fluids with her husband and lifted her provisional ban. This case demonstrates that drug transfer between two subjects is possible during intimate moments.</p>","PeriodicalId":14905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medetomidine Quantitation and Enantiomer Differentiation in Biological Specimens Collected After Fatal and Non-Fatal Opioid Overdoses.","authors":"Sara E Walton, Brianna N Stang, Sherri Kacinko, Donna M Papsun, Barry K Logan, Alex J Krotulski","doi":"10.1093/jat/bkaf040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkaf040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medetomidine is an alpha-2 agonist and non-opioid sedative. Its presence in illicit fentanyl and heroin drug supplies poses significant risks to user health caused by cardiac effects and sedation. Medetomidine exists in two enantiomeric forms: dexmedetomidine and levomedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine is used in humans in medical settings, while dexmedetomidine alone and a racemic mixture of dexmedetomidine and levomedetomidine are used in animals in veterinary settings. Little information is known about circulating blood concentrations of medetomidine or its enantiomers in humans in situations involving synthetic opioids (e.g., fentanyl) and other sedatives (e.g., xylazine, benzodiazepines). A new toxicological workflow using liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-QQQ-MS) was developed and validated for the quantitation of medetomidine and the qualitative enantiomeric separation of dexmedetomidine and levomedetomidine. The assays were applied to a case series of 100 authentic specimens from emergency department admissions and forensic postmortem investigations containing medetomidine, fentanyl, xylazine, and metabolites, among other substances. Medetomidine blood concentrations in non-fatal overdoses ranged 0.1-16 ng/mL (median: 1.5 ng/mL) and in fatal overdoses ranged 0.1-32 ng/mL (median: 0.31 ng/mL). Xylazine was co-detected in 76% of cases with higher median concentrations: 8.3 ng/mL (non-fatal) and 15 ng/mL (fatal). Fentanyl was co-detected in 93% of cases with median concentrations of 5.2 ng/mL (non-fatal) and 21 ng/mL (fatal). Dexmedetomidine and levomedetomidine were identified in 90% of cases; the remaining cases were confirmed or suspected medical-setting administration of dexmedetomidine. These findings demonstrate that medetomidine is arising from veterinary or clandestine sources, and we hypothesize the latter. Recreational medetomidine use causes adverse effects such as profound bradycardia and heightened sedation, especially when combined with fentanyl and xylazine. Forensic laboratories must remain aware of adulterants, like medetomidine, appearing in traditional opioid products (e.g., fentanyl, heroin), updating testing methods to capture these emerging adulterants in real-time.</p>","PeriodicalId":14905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Promise to Practice: Why HRMS Has Yet to Fully Revolutionize Forensic Toxicology.","authors":"Luke N Rodda, Kayla N Ellefsen, Marie Mardal, Peter Stockham, Andrea E Steuer, Dani Mata, Alex J Krotulski, Maria Sarkisian","doi":"10.1093/jat/bkaf036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkaf036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lateral flow immunoassay for amatoxins detection in human urine compared to liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry.","authors":"Aline C Vollmer, Thomas P Bambauer, Candace B Bever, Christina C Tam, Lea Wagmann, Markus R Meyer","doi":"10.1093/jat/bkaf018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkaf018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amatoxin-containing mushrooms, which contribute to many intoxications each year are of particular interest for clinicians and toxicologists as patients require special treatment in hospital. To confirm the presence of amatoxins, approaches for their fast, sensitive, and reliable identification must be available. Solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) is widely applied for analysis of amatoxins as this combination provides suitable sensitivity, specificity, and mass accuracy. Nevertheless, time-consuming preparatory steps as well as expensive equipment is required. Therefore, a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for trace detection of α-, β-, and γ-amanitin was established and evaluated using dog urine. In this study, we answered the questions whether this LFIA can be transferred to human urine samples, and whether this LFIA can be used as a supporting tool prior to LC-HRMS/MS confirmation. Result interpretation by eye and using digitally-acquired pixel intensity ratios was investigated with respect to analytical sensitivity. The LFIA detects amatoxins in human urine after visual evaluation to as little as 5 ng/mL (α-amanitin - 10 ng/mL, β-amanitin - 50 ng/mL, γ-amanitin - 5 ng/mL). After digital analysis, pixel intensity ratios were determined to evaluate the LFIA as positive, negative, or trace result. Detection limits were redefined ranging from 1 ng/mL (α- and γ-amanitin) to 3 ng/mL (β-amanitin). For the proof-of-concept, 73 human urine samples submitted to the authors´ laboratory for toxicological analysis were analyzed using the LFIA and LC-HRMS/MS. Only three out of 73 urine samples were tested false positive with the LFIA as LC-HRMS/MS confirmation revealed no detection of amatoxins. Sixteen urine samples were evaluated as trace results and confirmed negative using LC-HRMS/MS except for one case which was positive for α-amanitin but negative for β-amanitin. Although particularly positive and trace results of the LFIA still need to be confirmed, the negative LFIA results correlated well with LC-HRMS/MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":14905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How diquat kills: Investigation of the toxicological profiles of diquat and bromide ion concentrations in serum by LC-MS/MS and capillary electrophoresis in a suicide case.","authors":"Maiko Kusano, Yoshiaki Iwamuro, Takero Terayama, Takaya Murakami, Masaya Fujishiro, Taka-Aki Matsuyama","doi":"10.1093/jat/bkaf035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkaf035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herbicide poisoning commonly involves both paraquat and diquat (DQ); DQ poisoning alone is less frequently reported, and especially rare in Japan. We present a case of fatal DQ poisoning after attempted suicide by ingesting DQ dibromide, requiring intensive care including hemodialysis (HD). Toxicological profiles of DQ, DQ metabolites, and bromide ion in serum were investigated relative to the course of treatment. Quantitative analyses were carried out by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for DQ and its oxidative metabolites, and by capillary electrophoresis (CE) for bromide (Br-). Quantitated initial serum DQ concentration prior to HD#1 was 75 μg/mL. Following HD#1, DQ concentration dropped to 8.4 μg/mL, but re-elevated about 12 hours later (12 μg/mL). HD#2 lowered the DQ concentration to 1.5 μg/mL but again re-elevated prior to death (2.8 μg/mL). Serum Br- concentration pre-HD#1 was 493 μg/mL and dropped to 27-49 μg/mL after HD treatment. While HD treatment seemed to have reduced the DQ concentration significantly, re-elevation of the serum DQ level suggests that it was a temporary relief not enough to prevent the patient from going into multiple organ failure. Possibility of bromism was also investigated, as the ingested herbicide contained 33% DQ dibromide, thus Br- would have also been absorbed into the body along with DQ.</p>","PeriodicalId":14905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral fluid device performance in identifying amphetamine, methamphetamine, and cocaine use in Brazilian drivers.","authors":"Bruno Pereira Dos Santos, Juliana Nichterwitz Scherer, Patrícia Pacheco Viola, Bruna Govoni, Mailton Vasconcelos, Carolina Silveira Dalanhol, Gabriela Ramos Borges, Giovanna Cristiano de Gouveia, Ana Carolina Furiozo Arantes, Aline Franco Martins, José Luiz da Costa, Marilyn A Huestis, Flavio Pechansky","doi":"10.1093/jat/bkaf033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkaf033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stimulant use while driving is a high-risk factor for collisions and fatalities. In recent years, several strategies to curtail impaired driving were employed on highways, including on-site oral fluid testing. This study evaluated four roadside oral fluid testing devices (AquilaScan®, Dräger DrugTest®, Druglizer®, and DrugWipe®) for the detection of amphetamine, methamphetamine, and cocaine in oral fluid from Brazilian drivers. Overall, 8,985 screening tests were conducted, and LC-MS/MS analysis was performed on 46% of the oral fluid samples. Screening and confirmatory test results were compared considering the manufacturers' and Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's (SAMHSA) recommended cutoff concentrations. Performance reliability data are available for well-known oral fluid screening devices such as the Dräger DrugTest® or Securetec DrugWipe®, but most evaluations were based on highly prevalent cannabinoid results. In many cases, there were insufficient data to evaluate performance of other drug classes, including reliability data for amphetamines and cocaine that are presented here. Approximately, 3.0% of samples screened positive for amphetamine, 0.9% for methamphetamine, and 2.6% for cocaine. Efficiency was higher than 93.9% for all devices, but other parameters varied considerably, with sensitivity 56.4% to 100% and Positive Predictive Value (PPV) 4.2% to 87.1%. When considering the recommended minimum of 80% performance criteria suggested by the DRUID study, the Dräger DrugTest® was the only device to achieve satisfactory sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency for these stimulants at multiple evaluated cutoffs. Given the observed variability between devices, a detailed evaluation of the analytical performance of roadside oral fluid testing devices is advised before implementation in traffic enforcement actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}