Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems最新文献

{"title":"On the Dependence of Simulated Convection on Domain Size in CRMs","authors":"A. M. Jenney,&nbsp;Z. Hu,&nbsp;W. M. Hannah","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004749","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present a heuristic model to explain the suppression of deep convection in convection-resolving models (CRMs) with a small number of grid columns, such as those used in super-parameterized or multi-scale modeling framework (MMF) general circulation models (GCM) of the atmosphere. Domains with few grid columns require greater instability to sustain convection because they force a large convective fraction, driving strong compensating subsidence warming. Updraft dilution, which is stronger for reduced horizontal grid spacing, enhances this effect. Thus, suppression of deep convection in CRMs with few grid columns can be reduced by increasing grid spacing. Radiative-convective equilibrium simulations using standalone CRM simulations with the System for Atmospheric Modeling (SAM) and using GCM-coupled CRM simulations with the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM)-MMF confirm the heuristic model results.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004749","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A First Look at the Global Climatology of Low-Level Clouds in Storm Resolving Models","authors":"Jakub L. Nowak,&nbsp;Ian C. D. V. Dragaud,&nbsp;Junhong Lee,&nbsp;Piotr Dziekan,&nbsp;Juan Pedro Mellado,&nbsp;Bjorn Stevens","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004340","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The representation of subtropical stratocumulus and trade-wind cumulus clouds by preliminary versions of Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) and ICON km-scale global coupled climate models is explored. These models differ profoundly in their strategy to represent subgrid-scale processes. The IFS employs complex parameterizations, including eddy-diffusivity mass-flux and convection schemes. ICON applies a minimal set of paramaterizations, including the Smagorinsky-Lilly closure. Five-year simulations are performed and evaluated for their representation of cloud albedo, its variability with environmental parameters and the vertical structure of the atmospheric boundary layer in eight regions: four corresponding to canonical Atlantic and Pacific stratocumulus and four in their downstream trades. For stratocumulus, both models capture the albedo's mean, annual cycle, and its relationship with the parameters relevant for low cloudiness, including lower tropospheric stability. They simulate an expected thermodynamic vertical structure of a stratocumulus-topped boundary layer. ICON largely exhibits a lower cloud base and inversion height than IFS. We speculate the disagreement can be attributed to the contrasting treatment of subgrid mixing and cloud top entrainment. In the case of trade-wind cumulus, both models well differentiate the cloud amount, the character of annual cycles and parameter correlations, and the vertical structure from the upstream stratocumulus. The annual cycles and parameter correlations reflect the dry and wet periods. Both models overestimate mean albedo and underestimate the strength of trade-wind inversion. With an additional ICON run, we demonstrate the strong sensitivity of stratocumulus and the weaker response of trade-wind cumulus to the treatment of subgrid mixing.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004340","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesoscale Eddy-Induced Sharpening of Oceanic Tracer Fronts","authors":"Yueyang Lu,&nbsp;Igor Kamenkovich","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004693","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oceanic fronts are ubiquitous and important features that form and evolve due to multiscale oceanic and atmospheric processes. Large-scale temperature and tracer fronts, such as those found along the eastward extensions of the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio currents, are crucial components of the regional ocean environment and climate. This numerical study examines the relative importance of large-scale currents and mesoscale currents (“eddies”) in the front formation and evolution. Using an idealized model of the double-gyre system on both eddy-resolving and coarse-resolution grids, we demonstrate that the effect of eddies is to sharpen the large-scale tracer front, whereas the large-scale current counteracts this effect and acts to create a broader front. The eddy-driven frontogenesis is further described in terms of a recently proposed framework of generalized eddy-induced advection, which represents all those eddy effects on tracers that are not due to eddy-induced mass fluxes and are traditionally parameterized by isopycnal diffusion. In this study the generalized advection is formulated using an effective eddy-induced velocity (EEIV), which is the speed at which eddies move large-scale tracer contours. The advantage of this formulation is that the frontal sharpening can be readily reproduced by EEIVs. A functional form of EEIV in terms of large-scale variables effectively represents the frontogenesis in a coarse-resolution simulation. This study shows promise for using an advective framework to parameterize eddy-driven frontogenesis in numerical models that are not eddy-resolving.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004693","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Attribution of Temporal Variability in Global Land-Atmosphere CO2 Exchange Using a Model-Data Integration Framework","authors":"H. Lee,&nbsp;M. Jung,&nbsp;N. Carvalhais,&nbsp;M. Reichstein,&nbsp;M. Forkel,&nbsp;A. A. Bloom,&nbsp;J. Pacheco-Labrador,&nbsp;S. Koirala","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004479","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The spatial contribution to the global land-atmosphere carbon dioxide (CO₂) exchange is crucial in understanding and projecting the global carbon cycle, yet different studies diverge on the dominant regions. Informing land models with observational data is a promising way to reduce the parameter and structural uncertainties and advance our understanding. Here, we develop a parsimonious diagnostic process-based model of land carbon cycles, constraining parameters with observation-based products. We compare CO₂ flux estimates from our model with observational constraints and Trends in Net Land-Atmosphere Carbon Exchange (TRENDY) model ensemble to show that our model reasonably reproduces the seasonality of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and gross primary productivity (GPP) and interannual variability (IAV) of NEE. Finally, we use the developed model, TRENDY models, and observational constraints to attribute variability in global NEE and GPP to regional variability. The attribution analysis confirms the dominance of Northern temperate and boreal regions in the seasonality of CO₂ fluxes. Regarding NEE IAV, we identify a significant contribution from tropical savanna regions as previously perceived. Furthermore, we highlight that tropical humid regions are also identified as at least equally relevant contributors as semi-arid regions. At the same time, the largest uncertainty among ensemble members of NEE constraint and TRENDY models in the tropical humid regions underscore the necessity of better process understanding and more observations in these regions. Overall, our study identifies tropical humid regions as key regions for global land-atmosphere CO₂ exchanges and the inter-model spread of its modeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004479","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Atmospheric Instability Perturbation Approach for Ensemble Forecasts and Its Application in Heavy Rain Cases","authors":"S. Wang,&nbsp;J. Min,&nbsp;X. Li,&nbsp;X. Qiao","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004556","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An ensemble perturbation approach focusing on Atmospheric Instability Perturbation was proposed. This approach perturbs diagnostics quantifying atmospheric instability and calculates corresponding model state perturbations through a data assimilation-like procedure, with flexibility enhanced through the numerical estimation of derivatives of diagnostic equations. The amplitude perturbation of moist potential vorticity (MPV) measuring convective (MPV1) and baroclinic instability (MPV2) is investigated. Flow-dependent characteristics of MPV amplitude perturbations are observed through single-point tests, with the MPV2 perturbation enhancing the temperature gradient in the baroclinic instability area. For 10 heavy rain cases in Eastern China during the summer of 2019, the ensemble using the combination of a positive MPV2 amplitude perturbation and a negative MPV1 amplitude perturbation outperforms the ensemble with the downscaled Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) perturbations. This superiority of MPV perturbations is attributed to their ability to capture more precipitation events through enhancing the instability environment, which is conducive to both convection initialization and precipitation intensity. However, the MPV perturbations contribute less to the heavy rain probability forecast skill and reliability, because more false alarms are produced. The experimental results also indicate the necessity of cycle perturbation of MPV during forecasting, as the forecast model may underestimate instability after the initial condition perturbation impact diminishes. Considering that all types of model state perturbations adjust atmospheric instability, with most instability adjustments being secondary outcomes, the results of MPV amplitude perturbations highlight the effectiveness of directly perturbing atmospheric instability in ensemble precipitation forecasting.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004556","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Organized Convection Representation in the Unified Model: Implementing and Enhancing Multiscale Coherent Structure Parameterization","authors":"Zhixiao Zhang,&nbsp;Hannah M. Christensen,&nbsp;Mark R. Muetzelfeldt,&nbsp;Tim Woollings,&nbsp;Robert S. Plant,&nbsp;Alison J. Stirling,&nbsp;Michael A. Whitall,&nbsp;Mitchell W. Moncrieff,&nbsp;Chih-Chieh Chen,&nbsp;Zhe Feng","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004370","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To address the effect of stratiform latent heating on meso- to large-scale circulations, an enhanced implementation of the Multiscale Coherent Structure Parameterization (MCSP) is developed for the Met Office Unified Model. MCSP represents the top-heavy stratiform latent heating from under-resolved organized convection in general circulation models. We couple the MCSP with a mass-flux convection scheme (CoMorph-A) to improve storm lifecycle continuity. The improved MCSP trigger is specifically designed for mixed-phase deep convective cloud, combined with a background vertical wind shear, both known to be crucial for stratiform development. We also test a cloud top temperature dependent convective-stratiform heating partitioning, in contrast to the earlier fixed partitioning. Assessments from ensemble weather forecasts and decadal simulations demonstrate that MCSP directly reduces cloud deepening and precipitation areas by moderating mesoscale circulations. Indirectly, it amends tropical precipitation biases, notably correcting dry and wet biases over India and the Indian Ocean, respectively. Remarkably, the scheme outperforms a climate model ensemble by improving seasonal precipitation cycle predictions in these regions. The scheme also improves Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) spectra, achieving better alignment with observational and reanalysis data by intensifying the simulated MJO over the Indian Ocean during phases 4 to 5. However, the scheme increases precipitation overestimation over the Western Pacific. Shifting from fixed to temperature-dependent convective-stratiform partitioning reduces the Pacific precipitation overestimation and further improves the seasonal cycle in India. Spatially correlated biases highlight the necessity for advances beyond deterministic approaches to align MCSP with environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004370","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tipping to an Aggregated State by Mesoscale Convective Systems","authors":"I. L. Kruse,&nbsp;R. Fiévet,&nbsp;J. O. Haerter","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004369","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Radiative-convective equilibrium simulations were suggested to resist self-aggregation within a linearly stable regime at low surface temperatures. Recent numerical work shows that this linearly stable regime can rapidly transition to an aggregated state when exposed to realistic diurnal surface temperature variations. The resultant aggregated state is then stable, even when the surface temperature is set constant. Here we argue, by constructing a reaction-diffusion model, that this tipping process can be explained by the formation of mesoscale convective systems under the diurnal forcing. The model implies that strong cold pool interactions, invoked by the diurnal cycle, drive the self-organization of long-term buoyancy memory. Thus, whereas previous conceptual work disregarded the boundary layer dynamics, we here attribute key organizing mechanisms to them: namely the ability to cause rapid self-aggregation over continents and its advection over the ocean—with potential implications for hurricane formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004369","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Near-Surface Wind Speeds Simulated by the CRCM6-GEM5 Model Using AmeriFlux Data Over North America","authors":"Tim Whittaker,&nbsp;Alejandro Di Luca,&nbsp;Francois Roberge,&nbsp;Katja Winger","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004666","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We evaluate the performance of various configurations of the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM6-GEM5) in simulating 10-m wind speeds using data from 27 AmeriFlux stations across North America. The assessment employs a hierarchy of error metrics, ranging from simple mean bias to advanced metrics that account for the dependence of wind speeds on variables such as friction velocity and stability. The results reveal that (a) the value of roughness length (z0) has a large effect on the simulation of wind speeds, (b) using a lower limit for the Obhukov length instead of a lower limit for the lowest level wind speed seems to deteriorate the simulation of wind speeds under very stable conditions, (c) the choice of stability function has a small but noticeable impact on the wind speeds, (d) the turbulent orographic form drag scheme shows improvement over effective roughness length approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004666","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity of Self-Aggregation and the Key Role of the Free Convection Distance","authors":"A. Casallas,&nbsp;A. M. Tompkins,&nbsp;C. Muller,&nbsp;G. Thompson","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004791","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recently, Biagioli and Tompkins (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003231) used a simple stochastic model to derive a dimensionless parameter to predict convective self aggregation (SA) development, which was based on the derivation of the maximum free convective distance <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mfenced>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>d</mi>\u0000 <mi>clr</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mfenced>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $left({d}_{mathit{clr}}right)$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> expected in the pre-aggregated, random state. Our goal is to test and further investigate this hypothesis, namely that <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>d</mi>\u0000 <mi>clr</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${d}_{mathit{clr}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> can predict SA occurrence, using an ensemble of 24 distinct combinations of horizontal mixing, planetary boundary layer (PBL), and microphysical parameterizations. We conclude that the key impact of parameterization schemes on SA is through their control of the number of convective cores and their relative spacing, <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>d</mi>\u0000 <mi>clr</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${d}_{mathit{clr}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, which itself is impacted by cold-pool (CP) properties and mean updraft core size. SA is more likely when the convective core count is small, while CPs modify convective spacing via suppression in their interiors and triggering by gust-front convergence and collisions. Each parameterization scheme emphasizes a different mechanism. Subgrid-scale horizontal turbulent mixing mainly affects SA through the determination of convective core size and thus spacing. The sensitivity to the microphysics is mainly through rain evaporation and the subsequent impact on CPs, while perturbations to the ice cloud microphysics have a limited effect. Non-local PBL mixing schemes promote SA primarily by increasing convective inhibition through inversion entrainment and altering low cloud amounts, leading to fewer convective cores and larger <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>d</mi>\u0000 <mi>clr</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${d}_{mathit{clr}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004791","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Downward Convective Moisture Transport Dominated by a Few Overshooting Clouds in Marine and Continental Shallow Convection","authors":"Heng Xiao,&nbsp;Adam Varble,&nbsp;Colleen Kaul,&nbsp;Johannes Mülmenstädt","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004489","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In a previous study (Xiao et al., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003526), we found that ignoring the moist convective downdrafts associated with overshooting clouds in parameterizations can lead to significant biases in the simulated depth and liquid water content of a shallow cloud layer. In this study, we seek to better quantify the properties of the clouds responsible for these moist downdrafts to help improve shallow convection parameterizations. We apply a 3-D cloud-tracking algorithm to large-eddy simulations (LESs) of marine and continental shallow convection. We find that top 1% and 2% of the tracked cloud population ranked by lifetime-mean cloud-base mass flux can explain 90%–95% of the total downward moisture transport in the upper cloud layer whereas top 10%–20% is required to explain 90%–95% of the total upward moisture transport near mean cloud base. The vertical structure of the clouds in the top 1% and 2% (the overshooting “deep mode”) is also distinctively different from that of the rest of the cloud population (the “shallow mode”). Shallow convection parameterizations need to capture accurately the properties and convective transports of the clouds in both the deep and shallow modes. To do that, our results suggest that mass-flux parameterizations need to (a) accurately predict the size and number of the deep-mode clouds and (b) explicitly represent overshooting cloud updrafts and associated moist downdrafts.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004489","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}