Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research最新文献

{"title":"Amlodipine downregulates gene expression that involved in the signaling pathways of coagulation process in COVID-19 patients: An observational clinical study.","authors":"Zainab A Abbood,&nbsp;Zainab H Ajeel,&nbsp;Marwah S Joudah,&nbsp;Marwan Salih M Al-Nimer,&nbsp;Ahmed Hamza Al-Shammari","doi":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_242_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_242_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The SARS-CoV-2 virus has the property of activating the coagulation process, which is responsible for producing thrombotic events which is considered as one of the most serious COVID-19 complications. Hypertension is a hazard factor for COVID-19 complications, and people who are treated with calcium entry blockers may halt the occurrence of thrombotic events. to evaluate the effect of amlodipine on some genes involved in the activation of the coagulation procedure in COVID-19 patients with hypertensive. observational, cross-sectional study. This study was carried out in the Department of Pharmacy at Al-Kut University College in Wasit, Iraq, in conjunction with Al Zahraa Hospital from June 2021 to March 2022. A total of 45 COVID-19 patients participated in this study who were grouped into as follows: Group I (<i>n</i> = 23) who had no previous history of hypertension and Group II (<i>n</i> = 22) who had previous hypertension and were treated with amlodipine. Expression of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), coagulation factor V (F5), and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 1 Like (MTHFD1L) genes was determined. <i>P</i> values were calculated by Chi-square test for categorized facts and the Mann-Whitney test for incessant data. <i>P</i> ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Group II patients had significantly lower levels of CaSR, F5, and MTHFD1L gene expression compared with the corresponding levels in Group I patients. The expression level of MTHFD1L was elevated significantly in patients who had currently high blood pressure compared with normotensive patients in both the groups. Amlodipine is preferred in hypertensive patients who have COVID-19 because it attenuates the levels of gene expression that have an impact on the coagulation process.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"14 3","pages":"235-240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d0/72/JAPTR-14-235.PMC10483913.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10212127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of volatile compounds contained in the therapeutic essential oils from <i>Pogostemon cablin, Melaleuca leucadendra</i>, and <i>Mentha piperita</i> and their purified fractions.","authors":"Binawati Ginting,&nbsp;Elly Sufriadi,&nbsp;Essy Harnelly,&nbsp;Nadia Isnaini,&nbsp;Farid Mulana,&nbsp;Irma Herawati Suparto,&nbsp;Auliya Ilmiawati,&nbsp;Ernawati Ernawati,&nbsp;Syaifullah Muhammad,&nbsp;Maula Syakira,&nbsp;Cantika Dwi Riski","doi":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_161_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_161_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pogostemon cablin, Melaleuca leucadendra</i>, and <i>Mentha piperita</i> are three aromatic plants that have been reported to produce a high yield of volatile components with medicinal and therapeutic properties. This present study aimed to perform qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis on the volatile components present in the aforementioned aromatic plants. Essential oils from <i>P. cablin</i> and <i>M. leucadendra</i> were obtained from community-based enterprises in Aceh Province, Indonesia. The essential oils were further purified using vacuum rotary evaporator. In addition, we also investigated the essential oils from <i>M. piperita</i> based on the priorly optimized parameters. The volatile components contained in the essential oils were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The qualitative data were derived from the MS data based on the fragmented components separated by the GC and compared with the database. The abundance of each volatile component was determined based on the area percentage of the chromatographic peak. In <i>P. cablin</i> oil, the relative abundance of α-guaiene and seychellene was higher in heavy fraction (17.11 and 10.29, respectively), while patchouli alcohol in light fraction (69.92%). Eucalyptol was found higher in the light fraction of <i>M. leucadendra</i> oil (MO) than that in the heavy fraction (78.87% vs. 17.34%, respectively). As for the <i>M. piperita</i> oil, menthone was found as the predominant component with relative abundance of 21.6%. Essential oils extracted from <i>P. cablin, M. leucadendra</i>, and <i>M. piperita</i> consist of volatile components with medicinal and therapeutic potentials, in which their compositions are affected by the purification process.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"14 3","pages":"208-212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/95/0d/JAPTR-14-208.PMC10483909.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10220432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing antibacterial drugs for <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i> subsp. <i>nucleatum</i> ATCC 25586 targeting UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyltransferase.","authors":"Dewi Saputri, Zaki Mubarak, Mudatsir Mudatsir, Inda Setyawati, Aprijal Ghiyas Setiawan, Mahdi Abrar","doi":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_129_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_129_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i> is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria that is commonly found in oral cavities and is associated with connective tissue destruction in periodontitis. UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyltransferase with enzyme commission number 2.5.1.7 is a transferases enzyme that plays a role in bacterial pathogenesis. Inhibiting binding sites of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyltransferase is needed to find potential antibiotic candidates for periodontitis treatment. Hence, the research aimed to present potential UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyltransferase inhibiting compounds through molecular docking simulation by <i>in silico</i> analysis. DrugBank database was used to obtain the antibacterial candidates, which were further screened computationally using the AutoDock Vina program on Google Colab Pro. The top nine compounds yielded binding affinity ranging from -12.1 to -12.8 kcal/mol, with conivaptan as one of the three compounds having the highest binding affinity. Molecular dynamic study revealed that the ligand-protein complex for conivaptan had root-mean-square deviation values of 0.05-1.1 nm, indicating likeliness for stable interaction. Our findings suggest that conivaptan is the potent UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyltransferase inhibitor, hence its efficacy against periodontitis-causing bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"14 3","pages":"196-201"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7f/ff/JAPTR-14-196.PMC10483916.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10587667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction: Comparative study of male and female human hair: A microscopic analysis.","authors":"","doi":"10.4103/2231-4040.382188","DOIUrl":"10.4103/2231-4040.382188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This retracts the article on p. S297 in vol. 13, PMID: 36643126.].</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"14 3","pages":"282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2e/cb/JAPTR-14-282.PMC10483920.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10587669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of hypertension links with body mass index by academic population in Babylon city.","authors":"Zaid Saad Madhi, Mohannad Ali Hasan, Ali Abbas Hashim Almusawi","doi":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_106_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_106_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many risk factors have been listed that predispose to the occurrence of high blood pressure (BP). Although high body mass index (BMI) is a recognized risk factor for hypertension, the cutoff value for the high BMI was not taken into consideration as a predictor risk. There is no clear data on the occurrence of hypertension in Iraq in the highly educated population. Moreover, studies on hypertension in Iraq have been limited to a few studies. To assess and study the prevalence of BP in the academic population of Babylon city, a prospective study of 100 people was conducted. In the course of 3 months, during their work at the university in the morning, the questionnaire was filled out along with the body weight measurement. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to measure the maximum area under the curve for the BMI score. Outcomes demonstrated that despite the high level of education, the prevalence of hypertension remains unacceptable. Awareness raising about the risk factors should be addressed through ongoing health education in health sectors and media. BMI of more than 25 could be considered a predictable risk value.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"14 2","pages":"133-136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1f/34/JAPTR-14-133.PMC10226711.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9556835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L-carnitine-loaded nanoparticle ameliorates cypermethrin-induced reproductive toxicity in adult male rats.","authors":"Noora Kadhim Hadi Alyasari,&nbsp;Wisam Hussein Selman","doi":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_46_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_46_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this investigation was to find out whether L-carnitine-loaded nanoparticle (LCn) could reduce the reproductive toxicity of cypermethrin (CYP), the widely used insecticide in veterinary medicine in male rats. Twenty male Wistar rats that weighed between 210 and 240 g were split into four groups and treated daily for 2 months. The control group was given 0.9% normal saline solution daily. The second group received CYP (3.83 mg/kg b. w. p. o.) daily. The third group was administered with LCn and CYP (50 mg/kg b. wt. p. o. and 3.83 mg/kg b. wt. p. o., respectively) daily, whereas the fourth group received LCn alone (50 mg/kg b. wt. p. o.) daily. On day 60, all rats were sacrificed and samples were collected. CYP-treated animals exhibited inhibition of testicular anti-oxidative stress mechanisms, testicular steroidogenesis enzyme activity (3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [3β-HSD] and 17β-HSD), and downregulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) gene expression. In addition, it decreased testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and LH levels and had detrimental consequences for sperm quality. LCn attenuated CYP-induced reproductive toxicity via the alleviation of testicular oxidative stress status, improvement of steroidogenic enzyme activity, and upregulation of StAR gene expression, which are probably responsible for the concomitant improvement in testicular hormonal levels and improvement in sperm properties. Intriguingly, LCn treatment alone could enhance the functions of the male reproductive system.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"14 2","pages":"147-154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f0/e9/JAPTR-14-147.PMC10226707.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9908541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of ultrasound treatment of the skin on activation of Langerhans cells and antibody production in rodents.","authors":"Satoko Enjo,&nbsp;Yutaro Hazama,&nbsp;Soichiro Kimura,&nbsp;Yasunori Morimoto,&nbsp;Hideo Ueda","doi":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_647_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_647_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we investigated whether stimulating the skin with ultrasound (US) could activate Langerhans cells (LCs) - antigen-presenting cells in the epidermis and stimulate antibody production following the subcutaneous and intradermal injection of ovalbumin (OVA) in hairless rats and BALB/c mice. Three different US frequencies (20 kHz, 1, and 3 MHz) were used and the expression of langerin was monitored as a marker for the activation of LCs in the epidermal sheet. In hairless rats, the langerin signal peaked at 12 h post-US treatment and returned to control levels at 24 h. Its expression increased with increasing irradiation time, up to 20 min, and 20 kHz US induced the highest langerin expression among the three frequencies tested. These results were reproduced in BALB/c mice. When the skin was pretreated with 20 kHz US at 0.41 W/cm² for 10 min, the production of OVA-specific immunoglobulin G1 in mice increased by 2.8- and 3.4-fold 28 days after subcutaneous or intradermal OVA injections, respectively. These findings indicate that stimulating the skin with US can trigger skin immune responses, leading to effective antigen-specific antibody production. US-assisted transdermal vaccine delivery delivers antigens to the skin and evokes an immune response, providing an effective noninvasive immunization strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"14 2","pages":"94-98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1d/89/JAPTR-14-94.PMC10226705.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9606371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of the diode laser 940 nm photoactivated bleaching on color change of different composite resin restorations.","authors":"Amal Alaa Mawlood,&nbsp;Niaz H Hamasaeed","doi":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_45_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_45_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study's main objective was to evaluate as well as compare the impact of diode laser 940 nm and conventional in-office bleaching technique on the color change of different composite resin restorations. A total of ninety composite resin discs (CRDs) were made from Filtek™ Bulk Fill, nanohybrid composite resin Filtek™ Z550 XT Universal Restorative, and flowable composite resin restoration Filtek™ Z350xt Flowable Composite. Group A: (30) CRD for Filtek™ Bulk Fill, group B: (30) CRD for Filtek™ Z550 XT Universal Restorative, and group C: (30) CRD for Filtek™ Z350xt Flowable Composite. A1, B1, and C1: (10 CRD in each group): Control group without bleaching. A2, B2, and C2: 10 CRD in each group bleached with Laser White20 without laser activation. A3, B3, and C3: 10 CRD in each group bleached with Laser White20 and activated by diode laser 940 nm. The color was evaluated using a dental spectrophotometer. One-way ANOVA was utilized for the comparison of the color stability of the CRD. <i>P</i> < 0.05 is regarded as statically significant. Both conventional and diode laser in-office vital tooth bleaching protocols affected the color stability of composite resin restorations. The result demonstrated that bleaching without laser activation produced color change (mean [8.30], standard deviation [SD] (1.95) <i>P</i> [< 0.001]), whereas the bleaching and activation by diode laser produced color change (mean [8.11], SD [1.99], <i>P</i> [< 0.001]). Both types of bleaching protocol affected composite resin restorations' color stability. In all tested materials, color changes after the bleaching protocol were clinically perceptible. The restorations following the bleaching procedure are required to be replaced by clinicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"14 2","pages":"155-160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a4/11/JAPTR-14-155.PMC10226697.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9551417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Method development, validation, and impurity measurement of β-estradiol from radiolabeled [¹³¹I]β-estradiol using radio-high-performance liquid chromatography for radioligand of saturation binding assay.","authors":"Isti Daruwati,&nbsp;Abednego Kristande Gwiharto,&nbsp;Hendris Wongso,&nbsp;Tri Hanggono Achmad,&nbsp;Mukh Syaifudin,&nbsp;Muchtaridi Muchtaridi","doi":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_624_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_624_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>β-estradiol is an estrogen steroid hormone and acts as an estrogen receptor agonist. Radiolabeled β-estradiol is widely used as a radioligand for binding assays. In this present study, the synthesis of [¹³¹I]β-estradiol has been successfully carried out. Accordingly, the measurement of the radiochemical purity (RCP) value and the presence of chemical impurities are needed. To validate the method for identifying the RCP and chemical impurities from [¹³¹I]β-estradiol using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The synthesis of [¹³¹I]β-estradiol was accomplished by a radioiodination reaction, and the RCP was determined by radio-HPLC. The method for β-estradiol measurement was validated by reversed-phase HPLC radio-analytical employing ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and radioactive detector. The method for radio-HPLC analysis was validated and established using a C-18 column and MeCN: H₂O (55:45 v/v) as the mobile phase. The following conditions were applied: a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min, isocratic, and a UV-Vis detector at 280 nm. The RCP of [¹³¹I]β-estradiol measured by thin-layer chromatography and radio-HPLC was 99.27% ± 1.25% and 95.75% ± 2.41%, respectively. The validation parameters were appropriate and met the requirements for acceptance. HPLC analysis was able to identify the presence of unlabeled estradiol (24.51%-27.29%) in the mixture of [¹³¹I]β-estradiol. As a result, purification using preparative HPLC or other methods will be required in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"14 2","pages":"105-112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/12/2e/JAPTR-14-105.PMC10226700.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9553588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction on polyphenol metabolite from <i>Eleutherine bulbosa</i> (Mill.) urb. bulbs using response surface methodology.","authors":"Islamudin Ahmad,&nbsp;Angga Cipta Narsa,&nbsp;M Riki Ramadhani,&nbsp;Nur Masyithah Zamruddin,&nbsp;Iswahyudi Iswahyudi,&nbsp;Hajrah Hajrah,&nbsp;Niken Indriyanti,&nbsp;M Arifuddin,&nbsp;Siska Siska,&nbsp;Supandi Supandi,&nbsp;Neneng Siti Silfi Ambarwati","doi":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_613_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_613_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Eleutherine bulbosa</i> bulbs, an endemic plant in Indonesia, have enormous potential as raw materials for pharmaceutical products. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen and develop extraction methods that are easy, rapid, and efficient to enrich targeted secondary metabolites. This study aims to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method conditions for polyphenol metabolite from <i>E. bulbosa</i> bulbs. The MAE method (with different conditions) was applied to extract total polyphenol content (TPC) from <i>E. bulbosa</i> bulbs. TPC values were determined using a 96-well microplate reader spectrophotometry method and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The variables of MAE, as an experimental design-independent variable, were involved. The MAE method condition was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design based on the TPC value. The MAE condition was optimized with 60% ethanol, sample-solvent ratio of 1:10 g/mL, and 50% Watts of microwave power for 10 min. The quadratic regression analysis was achieved to predict the TPC value using the equation: TPC value = 28.63-5.545A +2.211B -0.741C +1.995D - 4.045AB +0.856AC -7.541BC +1.961CD -8.342A²-0.071B² +1.840C²-1.535D². For the scale-up confirmation test, a 50-g sample was used to prove the validity of the equation to predict the TPC value, yielding 35.33 ± 2.13 mg gallic acid equivalent/g samples. The optimum of the MAE condition recommended based on the results of RSM analysis can be applied directly to the enrichment of polyphenols metabolite constituent of <i>E. bulbosa</i> easily, cheaply, quickly, and efficiently.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"14 2","pages":"113-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6b/88/JAPTR-14-113.PMC10226706.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9553589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}