Effects of mouthwash exposure to stainless steel temporary anchorage device on cytotoxicity and inflammation levels of BHK-21 cells.

Abstract

Stainless steel temporary anchorage device (SS TAD) has toxic risk due to the content that may be released when exposed to the oral environment, and the mouthwash being used. This research aims to analyze the cytotoxicity of SS TAD and measure the inflammation level in cells after exposure to three types of mouthwash. SS TADs (n = 28) were divided into four groups (n = 7 per group) and immersed in the following mouthwash solutions for 90 days. The resulting eluates were then applied to BHK-21 fibroblast cell cultures and incubated for 24 h. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) levels in the supernatants on days 1 and 7 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay MMP-8 kit. BHK-21 fibroblast cells showed significant differences in reactivity (P < 0.05) after exposure to SS TAD eluate in povidone-iodine (PVP-I) and chitosan mouthwash, compared to control groups without SS TAD. Viability test revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) after exposure to SS TAD eluate in PVP-I mouthwash compared to PVP-I alone. The reactivity of BHK-21 fibroblast cells exposed to fluoride and distilled water was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from control groups without SS TAD. The viability of BHK-21 fibroblast cells exposed to fluoride and distilled water did not differ significantly from control groups without SS TAD. MMP-8 levels differed significantly between SS TAD eluate groups (P < 0.05) on day 1 and day 7, with day 7 levels significantly higher than day 1. The most recommended mouthwash is chitosan for TAD SS users rather than fluoride and PVP-I.