ISRN MicrobiologyPub Date : 2011-11-23Print Date: 2011-01-01DOI: 10.5402/2011/469053
Sean S J Heng, Oliver Y W Chan, Bryan M H Keng, Maurice H T Ling
{"title":"Glucan Biosynthesis Protein G Is a Suitable Reference Gene in Escherichia coli K-12.","authors":"Sean S J Heng, Oliver Y W Chan, Bryan M H Keng, Maurice H T Ling","doi":"10.5402/2011/469053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/469053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The expressions of reference genes used in gene expression studies are assumed to be stable under most circumstances. However, a number of studies had demonstrated that such genes were found to vary under experimental conditions. In addition, genes that are stably expressed in an organ may not be stably expressed in other organs or other organisms, suggesting the need to identify reference genes for each organ and organism. This study aims at identifying stably expressed genes in Escherichia coli. Microarray datasets from E. coli substrain MG1655 and 1 dataset from W3110 were analysed. Coefficient of variance (COV) of was calculated and 10% of the lowest COV from 4631 genes common in the 3 MG1655 sets were analysed using NormFinder. Glucan biosynthesis protein G (mdoG), which is involved in cell wall synthesis, displayed the lowest weighted COV and weighted NormFinder Stability Index for the MG1655 datasets, while also showing to be the most stable in the dataset for substrain W3110, suggesting that mdoG is a suitable reference gene for E. coli K-12. Gene ontology over-representation analysis on the 39 genes suggested an over-representation of cell division, carbohydrate metabolism, and protein synthesis which supports the short generation time of E. coli.</p>","PeriodicalId":14849,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Microbiology","volume":"2011 ","pages":"469053"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3658596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31563731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISRN MicrobiologyPub Date : 2011-11-17Print Date: 2011-01-01DOI: 10.5402/2011/787290
Diane M Citron, Yumi A Warren, Kerin L Tyrrell, Ellie J C Goldstein
{"title":"Activity of Ceftaroline against Aerobic Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Pathogens: Effect of Test Method Variability.","authors":"Diane M Citron, Yumi A Warren, Kerin L Tyrrell, Ellie J C Goldstein","doi":"10.5402/2011/787290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/787290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ceftaroline is a new cephalosporin with bactericidal activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) as well as gram-negative pathogens. Variations of in vitro test conditions were found to affect ceftaroline activity, with 5% NaCl inhibiting growth and/or reducing the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for E. coli, K. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis, H. influenzae, and streptococci, while an inoculum of 10(6) CFU/mL raised MICs of some E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and M. catarrhalis strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":14849,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Microbiology","volume":"2011 ","pages":"787290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3658583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31470896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISRN MicrobiologyPub Date : 2011-11-03Print Date: 2011-01-01DOI: 10.5402/2011/797463
Saïdou Mamadou, Yahayé Hanki, Amadou Roufaï Ali Maazou, Balki Aoula, Sanata Diallo
{"title":"Genetic Diversity and Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-1 from Untreated Patients in Niamey, Niger.","authors":"Saïdou Mamadou, Yahayé Hanki, Amadou Roufaï Ali Maazou, Balki Aoula, Sanata Diallo","doi":"10.5402/2011/797463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/797463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of transmitted resistance to antiretroviral of HIV-1 circulating in Niger. We collected plasmas from 96 drug-naive patients followed up in the main HIV/AIDS Care Center of Niamey, the capital city of Niger. After RNA extraction and retrotranscription to proviral DNA, nested PCR was performed to amplify PR (codons 1-99) and RT (codons 1-240) fragments for sequencing. Sequences were analysed for phylogeny, then for resistance-associated mutations according to IAS-USA and Stanford's lists of mutations. We characterized six HIV-1 genetic variants: CRF02-AG (56.3%), CRF30_0206 (15.6%), subtype G (15.6%), CRF06_cpx (9.4%), CRF11_cpx (2.1%), and CRF01_AE (1%). About 8.3% of HIV strains had at least 1 resistance mutation: 4 strains with at least 1 mutation to NRTI, 5 for NNRTI, and 1 for PI, respectiveley 4.2%, 5.2%, and 1.0%. These preliminary results gave enough information for the need of instauring HIV drug resistance national surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14849,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Microbiology","volume":"2011 ","pages":"797463"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3658845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31470897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improved Mannanase Production from Penicillium occitanis by Fed-Batch Fermentation Using Acacia Seeds.","authors":"Monia Blibech, Raoudha Ellouz Ghorbel, Fatma Chaari, Ilyes Dammak, Fatma Bhiri, Mohamed Neifar, Semia Ellouz Chaabouni","doi":"10.5402/2011/938347","DOIUrl":"10.5402/2011/938347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>By applying a fed-batch strategy, production of Penicillium occitanis mannanases could be almost doubled as compared to a batch cultivation on acacia seeds (76 versus 41 U/mL). Also, a 10-fold increase of enzyme activities was observed from shake flask fermentation to the fed-batch fermentation. These production levels were 3-fold higher than those obtained on coconut meal. The high mannanase production using acacia seeds powder as inducer substrate showed the suitability of this culture process for industrial-scale development.</p>","PeriodicalId":14849,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Microbiology","volume":"2011 ","pages":"938347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3658641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31470900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISRN MicrobiologyPub Date : 2011-10-19Print Date: 2011-01-01DOI: 10.5402/2011/951694
C K Venil, V Mohan, P Lakshmanaperumalsamy, M B Yerima
{"title":"Optimization of Chromium Removal by the Indigenous Bacterium Bacillus spp. REP02 Using the Response Surface Methodology.","authors":"C K Venil, V Mohan, P Lakshmanaperumalsamy, M B Yerima","doi":"10.5402/2011/951694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/951694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An indigenous bacterium, Bacillus REP02, was isolated from locally sourced chromium electroplating industrial effluents. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the five critical medium parameters responsible for higher % Cr(2+) removal by the bacterium Bacillus REP02. A three-level Box-Behnken factorial design was used to optimize K2HPO4, yeast extract, MgSO4, NH4NO3, and dextrose for Cr(2+) removal. A coefficient of determination (R (2)) value (0.93), model F-value (3.92) and its low P-value (F < 0.0008) along with lower value of coefficient of variation (5.39) indicated the fitness of response surface quadratic model during the present study. At optimum parameters of K2HPO4 (0.6 g L(-1)), yeast extract (5.5 g L(-1)), MgSO4 (0.04 g L(-1)), NH4NO3 (0.20 g L(-1)), and dextrose (12.50 g L(-1)), the model predicted 98.86% Cr(2+) removal, and experimentally, 99.08% Cr(2+) removal was found.</p>","PeriodicalId":14849,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Microbiology","volume":"2011 ","pages":"951694"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2011/951694","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31470901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISRN MicrobiologyPub Date : 2011-09-18Print Date: 2011-01-01DOI: 10.5402/2011/812049
Sima Tokajian, Dominik Haddad, Rana Andraos, Fuad Hashwa, George Araj
{"title":"Toxins and Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from a Major Hospital in Lebanon.","authors":"Sima Tokajian, Dominik Haddad, Rana Andraos, Fuad Hashwa, George Araj","doi":"10.5402/2011/812049","DOIUrl":"10.5402/2011/812049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus is of both clinical and infection control importance. Virulence determinants using PCR and multiple drug resistance profiles were studied in 130 S. aureus isolates. PCR-RFLP analysis of the 16S-23S DNA spacer region was done to investigate the level of 16S-23S ITS (internal transcribed spacer) polymorphism. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), which represented 72% of the studied isolates, showed multiple drug resistance with 18% being resistant to 10-18 of the drugs used compared to a maximum resistance to 9 antibiotics with the methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) isolates. Exfoliative toxin A (ETA) was more prevalent than B (ETB) with virulent determinants being additionally detected in multiple drug-resistant isolates. 16S-23S ITS PCR-RFLP combined with sequencing of the primary product was successful in generating molecular fingerprints of S. aureus and could be used for preliminary typing. This is the first study to demonstrate the incidence of virulent genes, ACME, and genetic diversity of S. aureus isolates in Lebanon. The data presented here epitomize a starting point defining the major genetic populations of both MRSA and MSSA in Lebanon and provide a basis for clinical epidemiological studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14849,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Microbiology","volume":"2011 ","pages":"812049"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3658828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31470898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}