ISRN Microbiology最新文献_第4页

Biodegradation of polyethoxylated nonylphenols. 聚氧乙烯壬基酚的生物降解。

ISRN Microbiology Pub Date : 2013-07-10 Print Date: 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2013/284950

Yassellis Ruiz, Luis Medina, Margarita Borusiak, Nairalith Ramos, Gilberto Pinto, Oscar Valbuena

{"title":"Biodegradation of polyethoxylated nonylphenols.","authors":"Yassellis Ruiz, Luis Medina, Margarita Borusiak, Nairalith Ramos, Gilberto Pinto, Oscar Valbuena","doi":"10.1155/2013/284950","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2013/284950","url":null,"abstract":"Polyethoxylated nonylphenols, with different ethoxylation degrees (NPEO x ), are incorporated into many commercial and industrial products such as detergents, domestic disinfectants, emulsifiers, cosmetics, and pesticides. However, the toxic effects exerted by their degradation products, which are persistent in natural environments, have been demonstrated in several animal and invertebrate aquatic species. Therefore, it seems appropriate to look for indigenous bacteria capable of degrading native NPEO x and its derivatives. In this paper, the isolation of five bacterial strains, capable of using NPEO 15 , as unique carbon source, is described. The most efficient NPEO 15 degrader bacterial strains were identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain Yas2) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (strain Yas1). Maximal growth rates were reached at pH 8, 27°C in a 5% NPEO 15 medium. The NPEO 15 degradation extension, followed by viscometry assays, reached 65% after 54.5 h and 134 h incubation times, while the COD values decreased by 95% and 85% after 24 h for the Yas1 and Yas2 systems, respectively. The BOD was reduced by 99% and 99.9% levels in 24 h and 48 h incubations. The viscosity data indicated that the NPEO 15 biodegradation by Yas2 follows first-order kinetics. Kinetic rate constant (k) and half life time (τ) for this biotransformation were estimated to be 0.0072 h(-1) and 96.3 h, respectively. ","PeriodicalId":14849,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Microbiology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"284950"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3725770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31650544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Degradation of [Dha(7)]MC-LR by a Microcystin Degrading Bacterium Isolated from Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand. Rotoiti湖微囊藻毒素降解[Dha(7)]MC-LR

ISRN Microbiology Pub Date : 2013-06-27 Print Date: 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2013/596429

Theerasak Somdee, Michelle Thunders, John Ruck, Isabelle Lys, Margaret Allison, Rachel Page

{"title":"Degradation of [Dha(7)]MC-LR by a Microcystin Degrading Bacterium Isolated from Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand.","authors":"Theerasak Somdee, Michelle Thunders, John Ruck, Isabelle Lys, Margaret Allison, Rachel Page","doi":"10.1155/2013/596429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/596429","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time a microcystin-degrading bacterium (NV-3 isolate) has been isolated and characterized from a NZ lake. Cyanobacterial blooms in New Zealand (NZ) waters contain microcystin (MC) hepatotoxins at concentrations which are a risk to animal and human health. Degradation of MCs by naturally occurring bacteria is an attractive bioremediation option for removing MCs from drinking and recreational water sources. The NV-3 isolate was identified by 16S rRNA sequence analysis and found to have 100% nucleotide sequence homology with the Sphingomonas MC-degrading bacterial strain MD-1 from Japan. The NV-3 isolate (concentration of 1.0 × 10(8) CFU/mL) at 30°C degraded a mixture of [Dha(7)]MC-LR and MC-LR (concentration 25 μ g/mL) at a maximum rate of 8.33 μ g/mL/day. The intermediate by-products of [Dha(7)]MC-LR degradation were detected and similar to MC-LR degradation by-products. The presence of three genes (mlrA, mlrB, and mlrC), that encode three enzymes involved in the degradation of MC-LR, were identified in the NV-3 isolate. This study confirmed that degradation of [Dha(7)]MC-LR by the Sphingomonas isolate NV-3 occurred by a similar mechanism previously described for MC-LR by Sphingomonas strain MJ-PV (ACM-3962). This has important implications for potential bioremediation of toxic blooms containing a variety of MCs in NZ waters. ","PeriodicalId":14849,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Microbiology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"596429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/596429","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31650545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

HIV-1 Genetic Variability and Clinical Implications. HIV-1遗传变异及其临床意义。

ISRN Microbiology Pub Date : 2013-06-17 Print Date: 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2013/481314

Maria Mercedes Santoro, Carlo Federico Perno

{"title":"HIV-1 Genetic Variability and Clinical Implications.","authors":"Maria Mercedes Santoro, Carlo Federico Perno","doi":"10.1155/2013/481314","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2013/481314","url":null,"abstract":"Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy that have revolutionized HIV disease management, effective control of the HIV infection pandemic remains elusive. Beyond the classic non-B endemic areas, HIV-1 non-B subtype infections are sharply increasing in previous subtype B homogeneous areas such as Europe and North America. As already known, several studies have shown that, among non-B subtypes, subtypes C and D were found to be more aggressive in terms of disease progression. Luckily, the response to antiretrovirals against HIV-1 seems to be similar among different subtypes, but these results are mainly based on small or poorly designed studies. On the other hand, differences in rates of acquisition of resistance among non-B subtypes are already being observed. This different propensity, beyond the type of treatment regimens used, as well as access to viral load testing in non-B endemic areas seems to be due to HIV-1 clade specific peculiarities. Indeed, some non-B subtypes are proved to be more prone to develop resistance compared to B subtype. This phenomenon can be related to the presence of subtype-specific polymorphisms, different codon usage, and/or subtype-specific RNA templates. This review aims to provide a complete picture of HIV-1 genetic diversity and its implications for HIV-1 disease spread, effectiveness of therapies, and drug resistance development. ","PeriodicalId":14849,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Microbiology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"481314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/481314","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31213854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 148

Isolation, Identification, and Characterization of a Cellulolytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Strain SS35 from Rhinoceros Dung. 从犀牛粪便中分离解淀粉芽孢杆菌SS35菌株的分离、鉴定和特性研究。

ISRN Microbiology Pub Date : 2013-05-23 Print Date: 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2013/728134

Shuchi Singh, Vijayanand S Moholkar, Arun Goyal

引用次数: 76

Reduction of Contaminants (Physical, Chemical, and Microbial) in Domestic Wastewater through Hybrid Constructed Wetland. 通过混合人工湿地减少生活污水中的污染物(物理、化学和微生物)。

ISRN Microbiology Pub Date : 2013-05-02 Print Date: 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2013/350260

Shama Sehar, Rabia Aamir, Iffat Naz, Naeem Ali, Safia Ahmed

引用次数: 29

Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Production in Staphylococcus epidermidis Strains, Isolated from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mexico City. 墨西哥城某三级医院分离的表皮葡萄球菌菌株的抗生素耐药性和生物膜生成

ISRN Microbiology Pub Date : 2013-02-03 Print Date: 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2013/918921

Roberto Cabrera-Contreras, Rubén Morelos-Ramírez, Ada Nelly Galicia-Camacho, Enrique Meléndez-Herrada

{"title":"Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Production in Staphylococcus epidermidis Strains, Isolated from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mexico City.","authors":"Roberto Cabrera-Contreras, Rubén Morelos-Ramírez, Ada Nelly Galicia-Camacho, Enrique Meléndez-Herrada","doi":"10.1155/2013/918921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/918921","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated from nosocomial infections represent a serious problem worldwide. In various Mexican states several reports have shown isolates from hospitals with antibiotic resistance to methicillin. In Mexico City, there is scarce information on staphylococcal infections in hospitals. Here, our research findings are shown in a four-year period study (2006-2010) for Staphylococcus epidermidis strains. Susceptibility and/or resistance to antibiotics in SE strains were assessed by phenotypic and molecular methods as mecA gene by PCR, as well as the correlation with biofilm production for these isolates and the relationship to the infection site. Out of a total of 161 (66%) negative biofilm SE strains, just 103 (64%) SE strains were confirmed as MRSE by PCR to mecA gene. From 84 (34%) positive biofilm SE strains, 76 (91%) were confirmed as MRSE by PCR to mecA gene. Higher percentages of resistance to antibiotics and higher number of resistance markers were found in biofilm-forming clinical strains (9 to 14) than non-biofilm-forming SE strains (3 to 8). These research findings represent a guide to establish infection control programs for this hospital.","PeriodicalId":14849,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Microbiology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"918921"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/918921","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31471830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

Cell envelope of corynebacteria: structure and influence on pathogenicity. 棒状杆菌的细胞膜结构及其对致病性的影响。

ISRN Microbiology Pub Date : 2013-01-21 Print Date: 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2013/935736

Andreas Burkovski

引用次数: 81

Unified theory of bacterial sialometabolism: how and why bacteria metabolize host sialic acids. 细菌唾液代谢的统一理论:细菌如何以及为什么代谢宿主唾液酸。

ISRN Microbiology Pub Date : 2013-01-15 Print Date: 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2013/816713

Eric R Vimr

{"title":"Unified theory of bacterial sialometabolism: how and why bacteria metabolize host sialic acids.","authors":"Eric R Vimr","doi":"10.1155/2013/816713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/816713","url":null,"abstract":"Sialic acids are structurally diverse nine-carbon ketosugars found mostly in humans and other animals as the terminal units on carbohydrate chains linked to proteins or lipids. The sialic acids function in cell-cell and cell-molecule interactions necessary for organismic development and homeostasis. They not only pose a barrier to microorganisms inhabiting or invading an animal mucosal surface, but also present a source of potential carbon, nitrogen, and cell wall metabolites necessary for bacterial colonization, persistence, growth, and, occasionally, disease. The explosion of microbial genomic sequencing projects reveals remarkable diversity in bacterial sialic acid metabolic potential. How bacteria exploit host sialic acids includes a surprisingly complex array of metabolic and regulatory capabilities that is just now entering a mature research stage. This paper attempts to describe the variety of bacterial sialometabolic systems by focusing on recent advances at the molecular and host-microbe-interaction levels. The hope is that this focus will provide a framework for further research that holds promise for better understanding of the metabolic interplay between bacterial growth and the host environment. An ability to modify or block this interplay has already yielded important new insights into potentially new therapeutic approaches for modifying or blocking bacterial colonization or infection.","PeriodicalId":14849,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Microbiology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"816713"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/816713","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31471829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 89

Genetic Characterization of Methicillin Resistant and Sensitive, Vancomycin Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Different Iranian Hospitals. 从伊朗不同医院分离的耐甲氧西林和对甲氧西林敏感的万古霉素中间型金黄色葡萄球菌菌株的遗传特征。

ISRN Microbiology Pub Date : 2012-12-20 Print Date: 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.5402/2012/215275

Seyed Asghar Havaei, Amir Azimian, Hosein Fazeli, Mahmood Naderi, Kiarash Ghazvini, Siamak Mirab Samiee, Zahra Masoumi, Mojtaba Akbari

{"title":"Genetic Characterization of Methicillin Resistant and Sensitive, Vancomycin Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Different Iranian Hospitals.","authors":"Seyed Asghar Havaei, Amir Azimian, Hosein Fazeli, Mahmood Naderi, Kiarash Ghazvini, Siamak Mirab Samiee, Zahra Masoumi, Mojtaba Akbari","doi":"10.5402/2012/215275","DOIUrl":"10.5402/2012/215275","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Global concerns have been raised due to upward trend of Vancomycin Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) and Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) reports which mean casting doubt on the absolute effectiveness of the last line of antibiotic treatment for S. aureus, vancomycin. Hence, epidemiological evaluation can improve global health care policies. Methodology. 171 Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were collected from different types of clinical samples in selected hospitals in Isfahan, Mashhad, and Tehran, Iran. Then, they were evaluated by agar screening, disk diffusion, and MIC method to determine their resistance to vancomycin and methicillin. The isolated VISA strains were then confirmed with genetic analysis by the evaluation of mecA and vanA genes, SCCmec, agr, and spa type, and also toxin profiles. MLST was also performed. Results and Conclusion. Our data indicated that 67% of isolated S. aureus strains were resistant to methicillin. Furthermore, five isolates (2.9%) had intermediate resistance to vancomycin (VISA). In contrast to usual association of VISA with MRSA strains, we found two isolates of MSSA-VISA. Therefore, our data suggests a probable parallel growing trend of VISA towards MSSA, along with MRSA strains. However, more samples are required to confirm these primarily data. Moreover, genetic analysis of the isolated VISA strains revealed that these strains are endemic Asian clones.","PeriodicalId":14849,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Microbiology","volume":"2012 ","pages":"215275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3664199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31502971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determination of indoor air quality in archives and biodeterioration of the documentary heritage. 档案馆室内空气质量的测定及文献遗产的生物退化。

ISRN Microbiology Pub Date : 2012-10-30 Print Date: 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.5402/2012/680598

Sofía Borrego, Paola Lavin, Ivette Perdomo, Sandra Gómez de Saravia, Patricia Guiamet

{"title":"Determination of indoor air quality in archives and biodeterioration of the documentary heritage.","authors":"Sofía Borrego, Paola Lavin, Ivette Perdomo, Sandra Gómez de Saravia, Patricia Guiamet","doi":"10.5402/2012/680598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/680598","url":null,"abstract":"Documentary heritage is permanently subject to suffering from physical, chemical, and/or biological alterations. Biological deterioration by microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) causes undesirable changes on material properties. Microorganisms affect different organic, natural or synthetic substrates (cellulose, polycarbonates), metals, and compounds of optical and magnetic devices (CD, VHS). Paper made by vegetal fibers, functional additives (glue, optical polishers, consolidating agents), and inks with organic bindings are used as sources of nutrients. The environmental microorganisms that form the microbial charge of indoor air at repositories (archives, libraries) storing cultural heritage can deteriorate the different supports of heritage importance and affect human health as allergies and skin affections. The aims of this research were to study microbial contamination of the environment and its influence on biodeterioration by the biofilm formation and to analyze the relationship between environment microbiota and biofilm formation in materials stored at three archives in Argentina and in two repositories of the National Archive of the Republic of Cuba.","PeriodicalId":14849,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Microbiology","volume":"2012 ","pages":"680598"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2012/680598","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31503917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 95