Journal de mycologie medicale最新文献

{"title":"Risk of fungal exposure in the homes of patients with hematologic malignancies","authors":"Marc Sautour ,&nbsp;Adrien Guilloteau ,&nbsp;Stéphane Valot ,&nbsp;Louise Basmaciyan ,&nbsp;Eloise Bailly ,&nbsp;Nathalie Sixt ,&nbsp;Jennifer Tetu ,&nbsp;Ingrid Lafon ,&nbsp;Denis Caillot ,&nbsp;Frédéric Dalle","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Patients with hematological malignancies are at a high risk of developing invasive fungal infections (IFI) because they undergo several cycles of treatment leading to episodes of neutropenia. In addition, they alternate between hospital stays and periods spent at home. Thus, when an IFI is diagnosed during their hospital stays, it is highly challenging to identify the origin of the fungal contamination. The objective of this study was to analyze at home fungal exposure of 20 patients with leukemia by taking air and water samples in their living residence.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Air was sampled in 3 rooms of each home with a portable air system impactor. Tap water was collected at 3 water distribution points of each home. For positive samples, fungi were identified by mass spectrometry or on the basis of their morphological features.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>85 % of homes revealed the presence in air of <em>Aspergillus</em> spp. and those belonging to the section <em>Fumigati</em> presented the highest concentrations and the greatest frequency of isolation. Concerning mucorales, <em>Rhizopus</em> spp. and <em>Mucor</em> spp. were isolated in air of 20 % and 5 % of dwellings, respectively. In 4 homes, more than 70 % of the fungal species identified in air were potential opportunists; these were mainly <em>Aspergillus</em> spp. with concentrations greater than 20 cfu/m³. The water samples revealed the presence of <em>Fusarium</em> in 3 dwellings, with concentrations up to 80 cfu/L. Finally, for one patient, fungal species isolated during a period of hospitalization were phenotypically similar to those isolated in samples taken at home. For a second patient, a PCR Mucorale was positive on a sample of bronchoalveolar fluid while air samples taken at his home also revealed also the presence of mucorales.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The presence of opportunistic fungal species in the air of all the explored homes suggests the need for strengthened preventive measures in the home of immunocompromised patients. It would be interesting to compare the fungi isolated (from patients and from their environment) by genotyping studies aimed at specifying the correspondence existing between fungal species present in the patients’ homes and those responsible for IFI in the same patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"34 3","pages":"Article 101492"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141303827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel griseofulvin zinc nanohybrid emulsion for intensifying the antimicrobial control of dermatophytes and some opportunistic pathogens","authors":"Farag M. Mosallam ,&nbsp;Eman A. Helmy ,&nbsp;Hebatallah A. Nasser ,&nbsp;Ahmed I. El-Batal","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dermatophytosis is a critical sort of skin infection caused by dermatophytes. The long-term treatment of such skin infections may be improved through the application of nanotechnology. This study aimed to prepare griseofulvin zinc Nanohybrid emulsion (GF-Zn–NHE) to improve griseofulvin activity against dermatophytes and some opportunistic pathogenic yeasts and bacteria. The GF-Zn-NHE is prepared by ultra-homogenization ultra-sonication strategies and validated by UV–visible spectroscopy analysis that confirms presences of griseofulvin and Zn-NPs peaks at 265 and 360 nm, respectively. The GF-Zn-NHE has mean distribution size 50 nm and zeta potential in the range from -40 to -36 mV with no significant changes in size distribution and particle size within 120 day ageing. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum confirmed the presence of griseofulvin and Zn-NPs stretching vibration peaks. Gamma ray has a negative influence on GF-Zn-NE production and stability. GF-Zn-NHE drug release 95% up to 24 h and 98% up to 72 h of GF was observed and Zinc 90% up to 24 h and 95% up to 72 h, respectively. High antimicrobial activity was observed with GF-Zn–NHE against dermatophytic pathogens in compare with GF, GF-NE, zinc nitrate and ketoconazole with inhibition zone ranged from 14 to 36 mm. The results have shown that the MIC value for <em>Cryptococcus neoformans, Prophyromonas gingivalis</em> and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> is 0.125 mg ml ⁻¹ and for <em>Trichophyton rubrum, L. bulgaricus</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em> value is 0.25 mg ml ⁻¹ and for <em>Candida albicans, Malassezia furfur</em> and <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> is 0.5 mg ml ⁻¹ and finally 1 mg ml ⁻¹ for <em>Streptococcus mutans</em>. TEM of treated <em>Cryptococcus neoformans</em> cells with GF-Zn-NHE displayed essentially modified morphology, degradation, damage of organelles, vacuoles and other structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"34 3","pages":"Article 101489"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141397826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current knowledge and practice of Candida auris screening in France: A nationwide survey from the French Society of Medical Mycology (SFMM)","authors":"J. Guitard ,&nbsp;A.P. Bellanger ,&nbsp;J. Dorin ,&nbsp;S. Cassaing ,&nbsp;A. Capitaine ,&nbsp;F. Gabriel ,&nbsp;M. Nicolas ,&nbsp;N. Coron ,&nbsp;P. Penn ,&nbsp;M. Moniot ,&nbsp;D. Quinio ,&nbsp;S. Ranque ,&nbsp;M. Sasso ,&nbsp;P. Lepape ,&nbsp;E. Dannaoui ,&nbsp;S. Brun ,&nbsp;C. Lacroix ,&nbsp;M. Cornu ,&nbsp;A. Debourgogne ,&nbsp;M.F. Durieux ,&nbsp;C. Hennequin","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to large outbreaks observed worldwide, <em>Candida auris</em> has emerged as a major threat to healthcare facilities. To prevent these phenomena, a systematic screening should be performed in patients transferred from regions where the pathogen is highly endemic. In this study, we recorded and analyzed French mycologists' current knowledge and practice regarding <em>C. auris</em> screening and diagnosis. Thirty-six centers answered an online questionnaire. Only 11 (30.6 %) participants were aware of any systematic screening for <em>C. auris</em> for patients admitted to their hospital. In the case of post-admission screening, axillae/groins (<em>n</em> = 21), nares (<em>n</em> = 7), rectum (<em>n</em> = 9), and mouth (<em>n</em> = 6) alone or various combinations were the body sites the most frequently sampled. Only six centers (8.3 %) reported using a commercially available plate allowing the differentiation of <em>C. auris</em> colonies from that of other <em>Candida</em> species, while five laboratories (13.8 %) had implemented a <em>C. auris</em>-specific qPCR. Considering the potential impact on infected patients and the risk of disorganization in the care of patients, it is crucial to remember to biologists and clinicians the utmost importance of systematic screening on admission.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"34 3","pages":"Article 101490"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1156523324000313/pdfft?md5=d88548f9fdef058f33432155b4636f75&pid=1-s2.0-S1156523324000313-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141277506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observational study on the clinical profile and treatment outcome on long-term follow-up of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis","authors":"Abin M Abraham ,&nbsp;Mary John ,&nbsp;Vikas Loomba ,&nbsp;Navjot Singh ,&nbsp;Lydia Solomon ,&nbsp;Sunil Sam Varghese","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 associated mucormycosis were followed up for 6 months to study the clinical profile, readmissions, long-term treatment outcome and the mortality rate.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 37 patients with COVID-19 associated mucormycosis, the mortality rate was 33.3 %, 42.9% and 100 % among patients with mild, moderate and severe COVID-19 infection. One month after discharge, among the 20 patients who survived, 10 (50 %) patients had worsening symptoms and required readmission. Nine patients required readmission for amphotericin and 1 patient was admitted for surgical intervention. On follow-up at 1 month, 30 % (6/20) patients became asymptomatic. However, at 3 months, 45 % (9/20) of the patients were asymptomatic. At 6 months of follow-up, 80 % (16/20) were asymptomatic. At 6 months, one each had residual abnormalities like visual loss in one eye, visual field deficit, change in voice and residual weakness of the limbs along with cranial nerve paresis.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The follow-up study revealed that a significant number of patients required readmission within the first month, but most of the patients became asymptomatic by 6 months. The readmission rate was higher in patients who received a shorter duration of amphotericin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"34 3","pages":"Article 101491"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141280990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virulence factors, antifungal susceptibility and molecular profile in candida species isolated from the hands of health professionals before and after cleaning with 70% ethyl alcohol-based gel","authors":"Priscila Guerino Vilela Alves ,&nbsp;Ralciane de Paula Menezes ,&nbsp;Nagela Bernadelli Sousa Silva ,&nbsp;Gabriel de Oliveira Faria ,&nbsp;Meliza Arantes de Souza Bessa ,&nbsp;Lúcio Borges de Araújo ,&nbsp;Paula Augusta Dias Fogaça Aguiar ,&nbsp;Mário Paulo Amante Penatti ,&nbsp;Reginaldo dos Santos Pedroso ,&nbsp;Denise von Dolinger de Brito Röder","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fungal infections in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) are mainly related to <em>Candida</em> species, with high mortality rates. They are predominantly of endogenous origin, however, cross-infection transmitted by healthcare professionals' hands has occurred. The aim of this study was to identify <em>Candida</em> species isolated from the hands of healthcare professionals in a NICU before and after hygiene with 70% ethanol-based gel and evaluate virulence factors DNase, phospholipase, proteinase, hemolysin, biofilm biomass production, and metabolic activity. In vitro antifungal susceptibility testing and similarity by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) were also performed. <em>C. parapsilosis</em> complex was the most frequent species (57.1%); all isolates presented at least one virulence factor; three isolates (<em>Candida parapsilosis</em> complex) were resistant to amphotericin B, two (<em>Candida famata</em> [currently <em>Debaryomyces hansenii</em>] and <em>Candida guilliermondii</em> [currently <em>Meyerozyma guilliermondii</em>]) was resistant to micafungin, and six (<em>Candida parapsilosis</em> complex, <em>Candida guilliermondii</em> [=<em>Meyerozyma guilliermondii</em>], <em>Candida viswanathi, Candida catenulata</em> [currently <em>Diutina catenulata</em>] and <em>Candida lusitaniae</em> [currently <em>Clavispora lusitaniae</em>]) were resistant to fluconazole. Molecular analysis by RAPD revealed two clusters of identical strains that were in the hands of distinct professionals. <em>Candida</em> spp. were isolated even after hygiene with 70% ethanol-based gel, highlighting the importance of stricter basic measures for hospital infection control to prevent nosocomial transmission.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"34 2","pages":"Article 101482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141047763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of different lateral flow assays on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for invasive aspergillosis screening in non-hematological patients","authors":"Eliane Devillers ,&nbsp;Emeline Scherer ,&nbsp;Jean-Chistophe Navellou ,&nbsp;Frédéric Grenouillet ,&nbsp;Laurence Millon ,&nbsp;Anne-Pauline Bellanger","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Several lateral flow assays (LFA) capable of detecting <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em> in serum and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) within the hour, thereby potentially accelerating the screening process, are now commercially available. We prospectively compared three LFA targeting <em>A. fumigatus</em> on BALF collected from non-surgical intensive care patients between June 2022 and February 2023. The three LFA tested were Sõna <em>Aspergillus</em> galactomannan LFA (Immy), Fungadia <em>Aspergillus</em> antigen (Gadia), and AspLFD (OLM Diagnostics). We compared the results of these LFA with those of the galactomannan (GM) Platelia</p><p><em>Aspergillus</em> enzyme immunoassay (Bio-Rad), culture on Sabouraud medium and <em>Aspergillus</em> qPCR. We tested 97 BALF samples from 92 patients. In total 84 BALF samples tested negative with all three LFA, and four BALF samples tested positive with the AspLFD assay only (OLM). Only one BALF sample tested positive with the three LFA. In addition, three BALF samples tested positive only with the GM Platelia immunoassay. Four diagnosis of probable invasive aspergillosis were retained for the 92 patients tested. This prospective series included very few positive samples. From a practical point of view, the LFA from OLM presented the simplest protocol for use.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"34 2","pages":"Article 101481"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140880087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features and evaluation of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients from two referral hospitals in Iran","authors":"Hamed Fakhim ,&nbsp;Shirin Irani ,&nbsp;Zeynab Yassin ,&nbsp;Hamid Badali ,&nbsp;Elahe Nasri ,&nbsp;Yasser Nasoori ,&nbsp;Seyedhadi Samimiardestani ,&nbsp;Saleh Mohebbi ,&nbsp;Mojtaba Mohammadi Ardehali ,&nbsp;Pegah Alizadeh Pahlavan ,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Firouzifar ,&nbsp;Ardavan Tajdini ,&nbsp;Samira Ahadi ,&nbsp;Afsane Vaezi","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The present study aimed to assess the features, clinical characteristics, and species diversity among patients admitted to referral Hospitals for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and mucormycosis in Tehran, Iran, and the relationship between seasonal and species diversity was considered.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Confirmed COVID-19 patients with a positive reverse-transcriptase real-time (rRT-PCR) test for SARS-CoV2 were primarily included based on clinically suspected mucormycosis infection and confirmed by histopathology and mycology examination of biopsy specimens. The PCR technique was performed by the amplification of the high-affinity iron permease 1 (FTR1) gene for identification and discrimination between <em>Rhizopus arrhizus</em> and non- <em>Rhizopus arrhizus</em> isolates<em>.</em> In contrast, species identification of non-<em>Rhizopus arrhizus</em> was performed by sequencing of ITS rDNA region.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Rhino-sino-orbital mucormycosis was identified in the majority of cases (<em>n</em> = 33), with 66 % and 34 % of the cases involving male and female patients, respectively. <em>Rhizopus arrhizus</em> was found to be the most prevalent (84.6 %), followed by <em>Mucor circinelloides</em> (7.6 %). <em>Rhizopus arrhizus</em> was the most prevalent species and present in all the seasons; however, <em>Mucor circinelloides</em> was only present in the autumn. The overall mortality of the total population was 24.6 % (16/ 65); the mortality rates occurring in patients diagnosed with rhino-sino-orbital infection and rhino-sinusal form were 21.4 % and 25 %, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>CAM can be a serious complication of severe COVID-19, especially in patients with uncontrolled diabetes. It is important to monitor the epidemiology of mucormycosis to raise awareness of the disease and improve diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, particularly in the setting of pandemic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"34 2","pages":"Article 101480"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140918103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The incidence and prevalence of serious fungal diseases in Tunisia","authors":"Akila Fathallah ,&nbsp;Hamed Chouaieb ,&nbsp;Moadh Ben Saief ,&nbsp;Samar Ismaïl ,&nbsp;Moncef Ben Said ,&nbsp;David W. Denning ,&nbsp;in association with the Tunisian Society for Infectious Diseases (Société Tunisienne de Pathologie Infectieuse (STPI))","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With increasing concern about the negative health impact of fungal disease, there is a need to survey what is and is not known about the epidemiology of these infections in Tunisia. We have estimated the incidence and prevalence of the most serious fungal diseases in Tunisia for the first time. Using published literature from Tunisia, or if absent other countries, we have estimated the burden of life-threatening fungal infections and those causing significant morbidity, using deterministic modeling, based on populations at greatest risk. An estimated 250,494 (2.12% of the Tunisian population) are affected by a serious fungal disease annually. Invasive and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis are relatively common with 708 and 2090 patients affected, partly linked to the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Fungal asthma (allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and severe asthma with fungal sensitization) have an estimated prevalence of 38,264 (5.8% of the adult asthma population). Fungal keratitis probably affects 1,761 eyes annually, often leading to uniocular blindness. Candidaemia and <em>Candida</em> peritonitis probably affect at least 680 people annually, with a high mortality. Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis probably affects over 200,000 women. While fungal diseases are regularly diagnosed in Tunisia, epidemiological studies with denominators are uncommon. Some fungal diseases are poorly addressed with the current diagnostic portfolio, and surveillance is lacking. Studies on these diseases and the implementation of a national program of surveillance are required.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"34 2","pages":"Article 101479"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140543161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic activity of crocin and crocin loaded in niosomes alone and in combination with fluconazole against Candida albicans isolates: In vitro and in silico study","authors":"Sara Norozipor ,&nbsp;Mehdi Bamorovat ,&nbsp;Seyyed Amin Ayatollahi Mosavi ,&nbsp;Ehsan Salarkia ,&nbsp;Sanaz Hadizadeh ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Sharifi ,&nbsp;Ali Karamoozian ,&nbsp;Mehdi Ranjbar ,&nbsp;Setareh Agha Kuchak Afshari","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Since the drug resistance in <em>Candida</em> species is becoming a serious clinical challenge, novel alternative therapeutic options, particularly herbal medicine, have attracted increasing interest. This study aimed to pinpoint the potential antifungal activity of crocin (Cro), the efficacy of the niosomal formulation of Cro (N<img>Cro), and the synergistic activity of both formulations in combination with fluconazole (FLC) against susceptible and resistant C. <em>albicans</em> isolates.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>N<img>Cro was formulated using the heating method. The <em>in vitro</em> antimycotic activity of Cro, N<img>Cro, and FLC was evaluated. Checkerboard and isobologram assays evaluated the interaction between both formulations of Cro and FLC. Necrotic and apoptotic effects of different agents were analyzed using the flow cytometry method. <em>In silico</em> study was performed to examine the interactions between Lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase and Cro as a part of our screening compounds with antifungal properties.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>N<img>Cro exhibited high entrapment efficiency up to 99.73 ± 0.54, and the mean size at 5.224 ± 0.618 µm (mean ± SD, <em>n</em> = 3). Both formulations of Cro were shown to display good anticandidal activity against isolates. The synergistic effect of the N<img>Cro in combination with FLC is comparable to Cro (<em>P</em>-value =0.03). Apoptotic indicators confirmed that tested compounds caused cell death in isolates. The docking study indicated that Cro has interactivity with the protein residue of 14α-demethylase.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The results showed a remarkable antifungal effect by N<img>Cro combined with FLC. Natural compounds, particularly nano-sized carrier systems, can act as an effective therapeutic option for further optimizing fungal infection treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"34 2","pages":"Article 101478"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140349833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Candida auris in Greek healthcare facilities: Active surveillance results on first cases and outbreaks from eleven hospitals within Attica region","authors":"Lida Politi ,&nbsp;Georgia Vrioni ,&nbsp;Sofia Hatzianastasiou ,&nbsp;Malvina Lada ,&nbsp;Maria Martsoukou ,&nbsp;Nikolaos V. Sipsas ,&nbsp;Maria Chini ,&nbsp;Vasiliki Baka ,&nbsp;Eleni Kafkoula ,&nbsp;Aikaterini Masgala ,&nbsp;Maria Pirounaki ,&nbsp;Christos Michailidis ,&nbsp;Georgios Chrysos ,&nbsp;Olympia Zarkotou ,&nbsp;Vasiliki Mamali ,&nbsp;Vasileios Papastamopoulos ,&nbsp;Georgios Saroglou ,&nbsp;Spyros Pournaras ,&nbsp;Joseph Meletiadis ,&nbsp;Ioannis Karakasiliotis ,&nbsp;Flora Kontopidou","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><em>Candida auris</em> was sporadically detected in Greece until 2019. Thereupon, there has been an increase in isolations among inpatients of healthcare facilities.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>We aim to report active surveillance data on MALDI-TOF confirmed <em>Candida auris</em> cases and outbreaks, from November 2019 to September 2021.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A retrospective study on hospital-based <em>Candida auris</em> data, over a 23-month period was conducted, involving 11 hospitals within Attica region. Antifungal susceptibility testing and genotyping were conducted. Case mortality and fatality rates were calculated and p-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Infection control measures were enforced and enhanced.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Twenty cases with invasive infection and 25 colonized were identified (median age: 72 years), all admitted to hospitals for reasons other than fungal infections. Median hospitalisation time until diagnosis was 26 days. Common risk factors among cases were the presence of indwelling devices (91.1 %), concurrent bacterial infections during hospitalisation (60.0 %), multiple antimicrobial drug treatment courses prior to hospitalisation (57.8 %), and admission in the ICU (44.4 %). Overall mortality rate was 53 %, after a median of 41.5 hospitalisation days. Resistance to fluconazole and amphotericin B was identified in 100 % and 3 % of tested clinical isolates, respectively. All isolates belonged to South Asian clade I. Outbreaks were identified in six hospitals, while remaining hospitals detected sporadic <em>C. auris</em> cases.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><em>Candida auris</em> has proven its ability to rapidly spread and persist among inpatients and environment of healthcare facilities. Surveillance focused on the presence of risk factors and local epidemiology, and implementation of strict infection control measures remain the most useful interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"34 2","pages":"Article 101477"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140344216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}