Journal de mycologie medicale最新文献

{"title":"Inhibitory potency of active metabolites from different polarities of Datura Stramonium seed extracts: GC-MS analysis, biological evaluations, and molecular docking studies","authors":"K. Hjouji ,&nbsp;A. El Barnossi ,&nbsp;M. Er-rajy ,&nbsp;I. Atemni ,&nbsp;A. Grenha ,&nbsp;M. Yagoubi ,&nbsp;T. Ainane ,&nbsp;M. Taleb ,&nbsp;Z. Rais","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Datura Stramonium</em> is a well-known and important medicinal plant that is widely used in various medical systems to treat conditions such as asthma, diabetes, and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to prepare extracts of <em>D. stramonium</em> seeds in different solvent polarities for assessing phytochemical potential, in vitro biological activities, and molecular docking studies. Phytochemical screening was conducted to determine the phytochemical composition, while GC-MS analysis was used to identify secondary metabolites of <em>D. Stramonium</em>. The seed extracts were molecularly docked to evaluate bioactive and antioxidant activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts against bacteria such as <em>S. aureus, E. coli, Bacillus subtilis</em>, and <em>Proteus mirabilis</em> was determined<em>.</em> Antifungal activity was also tested against fungi including <em>Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger</em>, and <em>Candida albicans</em>. The results of phytochemical screening indicated that the primary plant constituents in all extracts of different polarities are alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, mucilage, sterols, heterosides, triterpenoids, and cardiac glycosides. Most molecules in the hexane, ether, and chloroform extracts consist of fatty acids, sterols, glycosides, triterpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds, as revealed by GC-MS analysis. Conversely, extracts from polar solvents like methanol, ethanol, and water are abundant in alkaloids. In vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities demonstrated that ether, methanol, and ethanol extracts were more effective than inhibiting the four bacterial strains compared to the antibiotics <em>Oxacillin</em> and <em>Cefuroxime</em>. The ether and methanol extracts exhibited better zones of inhibition and significant MIC values against <em>A. niger</em> and <em>C. albicans</em> compared to the control and fluconazole. The free radical inhibition (DPPH) (24.92 ± 5.31 μg/mL) for the ethanol extract indicates <em>Datura's</em> antioxidant capacity. It is believed that the main phytochemicals are responsible for the enhanced antioxidant activity observed in other studies. The docking study revealed that the bioactive compounds linoleic acid and atropine formed better hydrogen bonding interactions with proteins than pi-alkyl and alkyl bonds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 101521"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility patterns of Candida involvement in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients: A cross-sectional study from a single transplant center","authors":"Somayeh Yazdanpanah ,&nbsp;Mojtaba Shafiekhani ,&nbsp;Zahra Zare ,&nbsp;Hamed Nikoupour ,&nbsp;Bita Geramizadeh ,&nbsp;Parisa Chamanpara ,&nbsp;Ahmad Jabrodini ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ahmadi ,&nbsp;Zahra Malekizadeh ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Anbardar ,&nbsp;Keyvan Pakshir ,&nbsp;Kamiar Zomorodian","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The epidemiology and resistance patterns of <em>Candida</em> infections in pediatric kidney/liver recipients has not been well characterized, recently. In this study, all patients ≤ 18 years old who underwent liver/kidney transplant surgery between September 2021 and 2022 were included. Species identification of isolates recovered from clinical specimens was performed by DNA-sequencing method following amplification of the ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 regions. Antifungal susceptibility patterns of isolates were performed using the micro broth dilution method documented by Clinical &amp; Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Of the 117 pediatric recipients enrolled, 16 recipients (13.7 %) had at least one positive <em>Candida</em> culture. Candidemia was detected in 5/89 (5.6 %) of liver and 1/28 (3.6 %) of kidney transplant recipients. Invasive candidiasis was observed in 6/89 (6.7 %) of liver and 2/28 (7.1 %) of kidney transplant recipients. The predominant species was <em>Candida</em> (<em>C</em>.) <em>albicans</em> recovered from 12 of 16 recipients (75 %). In addition to the <em>Pichia kudriavzevii</em> species with inherent resistance to fluconazole, one of <em>C. albicans</em> isolates and one <em>C. tropicalis</em> isolate were also identified as fluconazole-resistant (3/29:10.3 %). Moreover, our findings revealed 13.8 % and 6.8 % resistance to itraconazole and voriconazole, respectively. All <em>Candida</em> spp. were susceptible to caspofungin. Collectively, this study provides valuable insights into the epidemiology and resistance patterns of <em>Candida</em> infections in pediatric kidney and liver recipients. The study also highlights the emergence of fluconazole-resistant strains, which has significant implications for antifungal stewardship efforts in pediatric transplant populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 101522"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142780259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory practices for the diagnosis and management of mucormycosis in France, 2024","authors":"Laurence Millon ,&nbsp;Françoise Botterel ,&nbsp;Julie Bonhomme ,&nbsp;Stéphane Valot ,&nbsp;Philippe Poirier ,&nbsp;Marie-Fleur Durieux ,&nbsp;Jeanne Bigot ,&nbsp;Guillaume Desoubeaux ,&nbsp;Adélaïde Chesnais ,&nbsp;Florent Morio ,&nbsp;Marc Pihet ,&nbsp;Kévin Brunet ,&nbsp;Anne-Pauline Bellanger ,&nbsp;Sébastien Imbert ,&nbsp;Gilles Nevez ,&nbsp;Solène Le Gal ,&nbsp;Nathalie Bourgeois ,&nbsp;Anne Debourgogne ,&nbsp;Marjorie Cornu ,&nbsp;Florence Persat ,&nbsp;Eric Dannaoui","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the diagnostic practices for mucormycosis among 30 French University Hospital mycology laboratories, in 2024. All laboratories perform both direct examination and culture, with fluorescent brighteners being the most commonly used method for direct examination. While 77 % of the participating laboratories routinely identify Mucorales to the species level, with 70 % having adopted Mucorales-specific quantitative PCR, primarily for the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections. Antifungal susceptibility testing practices varied between centers, with 36.7 % of laboratories consistently performing these tests, primarily using gradient concentration strips. Amphotericin B, posaconazole, and isavuconazole were the most frequently tested antifungals. These findings highlight variations in laboratory practices and emphasize the importance of establishing uniform diagnostic and susceptibility testing methods to optimize mucormycosis management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 101520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142692364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eradication of Candida auris biofilm in vitro by a polygalacturonic and caprylic acid wound ointment","authors":"Y-Lan Truong,&nbsp;Joel Rosenblatt,&nbsp;Bahgat Gerges,&nbsp;Ying Jiang,&nbsp;Issam Raad","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Candida auris</em> is a rapidly spreading virulent pathogen frequently resistant to multiple antifungal drugs that can form biofilms and infect wounds. Hence, there is a need for <em>C. auris</em> wound treatments not posing risks for developing antifungal resistance. We tested the ability of a polygalacturonic and caprylic acid ointment (PG+CAP) to rapidly eradicate <em>C. auris</em> biofilms within 2-hour exposures in an <em>in vitro</em> model. Medical-grade honey (MediHoney) wound ointment was used as a comparator. Nine different <em>C. auris</em> strains were tested. PG+CAP eradicated biofilms of 8 of the 9 tested strains and produced <em>a</em> &gt; 5-log₁₀ reduction of the ninth. MediHoney produced reductions ranging from 2 to 4 log₁₀ without fully eradicating any strains. The differences between PG+CAP and MediHoney were statistically significant (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). These results suggest that PG+CAP is a promising antimicrobial ointment warranting further <em>in vivo</em> study in wounds which may be colonized by <em>C. auris</em> biofilms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 101519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Veronaea botryosa induced cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in a renal transplant recipient- An intriguing report from India","authors":"Harsimran Kaur ,&nbsp;Haseen Ahmad ,&nbsp;Sukriti Yadav ,&nbsp;Muthu Sendhil Kumaran ,&nbsp;Ashish Sharma ,&nbsp;Suvradeep Mitra ,&nbsp;Amanjit Bal ,&nbsp;Sourav Agnihotri ,&nbsp;Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We describe a rare case of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis by <em>Veronaea botryosa</em> in a renal transplant recipient from India. The patient presented with a nodule on the dorsum of right hand which resolved completely after 6 months of voriconazole therapy. The identity of the fungus was confirmed by sequencing internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA. The case depicts its ubiquitous presence worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 101518"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunotherapy against environmental fungi causing respiratory allergy","authors":"Umut Gazi ,&nbsp;Nerin Nadir Bahceciler","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Allergic respiratory diseases (ARDs) have been one of the major global health problems of the 21st century with an increasing prevalence. A significant proportion of aerobiological particles in the environment is constituted by fungal structures, including those from <em>Alternaria, Cladosporium, Penicillium</em>, and <em>Aspergillus</em> species which are regarded as the four most common fungal genera associated with allergic fungal airway diseases (AFADs). Allergen specific immunotherapy (AIT) has capacity to promote protection as well as long-term tolerance to the allergen, however there have not been adequate number of studies evaluating the efficacy of against AFADs, up till today. Our review would like to draw more attention to the field by summarizing the current literature regarding the clinical use of the immunotherapy, with special focus on <em>Alternaria</em>, and <em>Cladosporium</em> AITs. The area is considered to be vital to public health due to the potential increase in global AFAD cases because of ongoing air pollution and climate impacts. The review also aims to sum up immunological findings associated with mould-AIT which would help further studies to be performed in order to develop an objective method to identify non-responders early in the course of therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 101517"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal disease incidence and prevalence in Iraq – Preliminary estimates","authors":"Karzan A. Mohammad ,&nbsp;Hero M. Ismail ,&nbsp;Khattab A.M. Shekhany ,&nbsp;Raya Kh. Yashooa ,&nbsp;Delan A. Younus ,&nbsp;Samir Kh. Abdullah ,&nbsp;Azhar A.F. Alatraqchi ,&nbsp;Rasool Aldabbagh ,&nbsp;David W. Denning","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The surveillance of serious and superficial skin fungal infections in Iraq has not been conducted. Limited information exists on their incidence and prevalence.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to analyze, compute and estimate the prevalence and burden of fungal infections, as no previous data is available and no studies has been attempted in Iraq.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In the present study the data were collected and reviewed from published data on epidemiology of fungal infections nationally, internationally, from unpublished postgraduate master and PhD theses, hospital records and private clinic records. External sources of data from other countries were used for diseases which lacked sufficient local data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We estimated 985,628 annual serious infections comprising of 2.26 % of the total population. When including superficial fungal infections group of the skin, this rises to 2,075,113 infections at 4.76 % of the total population. The most common serious and skin infections were recurrent <em>Candida</em> vaginitis, fungal rhinosinusitis and tinea capitis comprising 61.5 %, 21.8 %, and 22.4 % of all infections although the total incidence of superficial fungal infections was also high at 1,071,485. Respiratory fungal disease is also common comprising 14.0 % of infections. We predicted the following annual burden per 100,000; oral candidiasis at 247.9, esophageal candidiasis at 6.04, candidemia at 5.0, <em>Candida</em> peritonitis at 0.75, recurrent <em>Candida</em> vaginitis at 5461, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis at 35, severe asthma with fungal sensitisation at 46, invasive aspergillosis at 7.9, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis at 11.7, chronic fungal rhinosinusitis at 496, mucormycosis at 0.99, fungal keratitis at 14.0, and total dermatophytosis at 1631, the most severe being tinea capitis at 366. Many of these estimates were made with data sourced from other nations, so additional data from Iraq is required to validate or modify these estimates.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Recurrent <em>Candida</em> vaginitis<em>,</em> fungal rhinosinusitis, and tinea capitis are considered to be the most frequent fungal diseases present in Iraq.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 101516"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation and evaluation of herbal essential oil based nail lacquer for management of onychomycosis","authors":"Ravi Goyal ,&nbsp;Annima Goyal ,&nbsp;Azmat Ali Khan ,&nbsp;Sabiha Fatima ,&nbsp;Tanveer Singh ,&nbsp;Deepinder Singh Malik","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Onychomycosis (Paronychia) is a common fungal nail infection, characterised by thickened, discoloured and brittle nails often accompanied by pain and discomfort. It is one of the most prevalent fungal nail infections with the global incidence of &gt;20 % affected commonly by <em>Candida albicans</em> and <em>Candida parapsilosis.</em> The market today is flooded with various antifungal therapies (Azoles, Imidazoles, Allylamines, etc.) but their clinical applicability is limited due to associated side effects. The study is an attempt to formulate essential oil-based nail lacquer against Candidal Onychomycosis.</div></div><div><h3>Material and Method</h3><div>Selection of essential oils and preparation of their blends (EOB) was made on basis of their antifungal activity (minimum inhibitory concentration; MIC and zone of inhibition; ZOI) and physiological effect they exhibit on varied pathological parameters of onychomycosis. Simultaneously, varied batches of nail lacquer (N1-N5) were prepared by varying the concentrations of polymer and film forming agent and were evaluated for their formulatory characteristics (drying time, incidence of white patches, film texture, etc.). Optimal nail lacquer batch was loaded with screened EOB and was evaluated for various characteristics and antifungal activity.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>The formulation F4 was found to form a smooth, transparent film over the nail with absence of any tackiness or white patches. Moreover, F4 formulation exhibited minimum MIC among varied batches and higher ZOI (4.3 cm) as compared to marketed preparation (3.5 cm), indicating better antifungal activity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Essential oils, as an active agent, could prove to be a natural, safer, and more effective alternative to the conventionally available topical preparations for the management of fungal infections. The development of this herbal mixture opens up new possibilities for treating onychomycosis, necessitating additional research and clinical studies to establish its clinical safety, efficacy, and viability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 101515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142619812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and outcome of candidemia among paediatric cancer patients: A single centre experience from India","authors":"Poonam khemani ,&nbsp;Shyam Srinivasan ,&nbsp;Gaurav Salunke ,&nbsp;Maya Prasad ,&nbsp;Chetan Dhamne ,&nbsp;Badira C. Parambil ,&nbsp;Akanksha Chichra ,&nbsp;Venkata Rama Mohan Gollamudi ,&nbsp;Irene Ruben Sunder ,&nbsp;Nirmalya Roy Moulik ,&nbsp;Gaurav Narula ,&nbsp;Girish Chinnaswamy ,&nbsp;Shripad Banavali","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Candida species are one of the leading causes of invasive fungal infections in pediatric patients with cancer, resulting in increased treatment related morbidity and mortality. There is limited data with respect to demography and outcomes of candidemia among children with cancer, especially from lower-middle income countries.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this retrospective observational study conducted over a 4-year Period (January-2017 to December-2021), children less than 15 years with cancer, treated at a tertiary oncology centre in India and diagnosed with candidemia were included. Data with respect to risk factors, species types, treatment, complications and mortality was gathered.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>One-hundred and ten children with candidemia were included. The most common underlying malignancy was acute leukemia seen in 72 (66%) patients. Seventy-five (68%) patients had neutropenia (&lt;0.5 × 10^9/L) at the time of diagnosis of candidemia. In addition, 35 (32%) and 34 (30%) patients had prolonged exposure to steroids and antibiotics respectively. Non-albicans Candida species was isolated in majority (90%) of the cases. Fifty-seven patients required some form of modification of therapy for underlying malignancy. The 30-day mortality of the entire cohort was 36% and was 73% for patients admitted to the intensive care unit. On multivariate analysis, only prolonged use of antibiotics [odds ratio: 2.7(1.1-6.7); p = 0.027] was found to be significantly associated with worse 30-day mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The present study highlights the burden of candidemia among children with cancer. Despite prompt therapy, our cohort experienced increased mortality, primarily associated with prolonged antibiotic usage. These findings reinforce the critical importance of strict adherence to infection control guidelines and prudent antibiotic stewardship practices to improve patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 101510"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142594124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rumex japonicus Houtt. Leaves: The chemical composition and anti-fungal activity","authors":"Dandan Xiao ,&nbsp;He Sun ,&nbsp;Xue Li,&nbsp;Fanying Meng,&nbsp;Tong Sun,&nbsp;Xinting Shao,&nbsp;Yuling Ding,&nbsp;Yong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Candida albicans</em> is a pathogenic commensal fungus. <em>Trichophyton mentagrophytes</em> and <em>Trichophyton rubrum</em> are the leading pathogens of dermatophysis. <em>Rumex japonicus</em> Houtt. has a miraculous effect on the treatment of tinea skin disease, but its mechanism has not been clarified.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This paper investigated the anti-fungal ingredients of the leaves of <em>Rumex japonicus</em> Houtt. (RJH-L) and the mechanism of the anti-fungal (<em>Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum</em> and <em>Candida albicans</em>).</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>First, the chemical composition analysis of RJH-L was conducted by acid extraction and alcohol precipitation, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR); in <em>vitro</em> anti-fungal experiments were carried out, including the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) spore germination rate, germ tube production rate, nucleic acid and protein leakage rate, biofilm structure, PCR, etc., to study the mechanism of action of RJH-L anti-fungal and anti-biofilm activity.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>Seven monomer compounds were obtained: anthraquinones (rhein, emodin and aloe-emodin); polyphenols (ferulic acid, <em>p-coumaric</em> acid), and flavonoids (rutin and quercetin). The results of in <em>vitro</em> anti-fungal experiments showed that the extracts of RJH-L had strong inhibitory effect on both fungi (MIC: 1.96 µg/mL-62.50 µg/mL), of which emodin had the strongest effect on <em>Trichophyton mentagrophytes</em>; and rhein had the strongest effect on <em>Candida albicans</em> and <em>Trichophyton rubrum</em>. The above active components can inhibit the germination of fungal spores and germ tube, change cell membrane permeability, prevent hyphal growth, destroy the biofilm structure, and down-regulate the expression of agglutinin-like sequencefamily1 of biofilm growth.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study shows that RJH-L are rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthraquinones, and play a fungicidal role.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 101513"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}