Journal of abnormal psychology最新文献

{"title":"Longitudinal attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom networks in childhood and adolescence: Key symptoms, stability, and predictive validity.","authors":"Michelle M Martel, Patrick K Goh, Christine A Lee, Sarah L Karalunas, Joel T Nigg","doi":"10.1037/abn0000661","DOIUrl":"10.1037/abn0000661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study visualized attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom networks in a longitudinal sample of participants across childhood and adolescence with exploratory examination of age and gender effects. Eight hundred thirty-six children ages 7-13 years were followed annually for 8 years in total. Across parent and teacher report, results suggested \"is easily distracted\" and \"difficulties sustaining attention\" as central symptoms across three testing points (i.e., Year 1, Year 3, and Years 5-8 collapsed). \"Difficulties following instructions\" and \"intrudes/interrupts\" also emerged as parent-reported central symptoms. Assessment of network structure across the three testing points suggested global robustness of relations among ADHD symptoms from midchildhood into early adolescence. However, relations among symptoms that cause problems in school settings (i.e., being easily distracted) were stronger in teacher-reported than parent-reported networks. When aggregated into a sum score, central symptoms during Year 1 predicted total difficulties related to mental health problems 5 years later just as well as all 18 symptoms. Central symptoms of ADHD may be useful as screeners of future emotional and behavioral difficulties. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":14793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of abnormal psychology","volume":" ","pages":"562-574"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8480395/pdf/nihms-1716286.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39376928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A computational account of the mechanisms underlying face perception biases in depression.","authors":"Fabian A Soto,&nbsp;Rochelle A Stewart,&nbsp;Sanaz Hosseini,&nbsp;Jason Hays,&nbsp;Christopher G Beevers","doi":"10.1037/abn0000681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Here, we take a computational approach to understand the mechanisms underlying face perception biases in depression. Thirty participants diagnosed with major depressive disorder and 30 healthy control participants took part in three studies involving recognition of identity and emotion in faces. We used signal detection theory to determine whether any perceptual biases exist in depression aside from decisional biases. We found lower sensitivity to happiness in general, and lower sensitivity to both happiness and sadness with ambiguous stimuli. Our use of highly-controlled face stimuli ensures that such asymmetry is truly perceptual in nature, rather than the result of studying expressions with inherently different discriminability. We found no systematic effect of depression on the perceptual interactions between face expression and identity. We also found that decisional strategies used in our task were different for people with depression and controls, but in a way that was highly specific to the stimulus set presented. We show through simulation that the observed perceptual effects, as well as other biases found in the literature, can be explained by a computational model in which channels encoding positive expressions are selectively suppressed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":14793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of abnormal psychology","volume":" ","pages":"443-454"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8425597/pdf/nihms-1697936.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39377021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"I feel good? Anhedonia might not mean \"without pleasure\" for people treated for opioid use disorder.","authors":"Samuel W Stull,&nbsp;Jeremiah W Bertz,&nbsp;Leigh V Panlilio,&nbsp;William J Kowalczyk,&nbsp;Karran A Phillips,&nbsp;Landhing M Moran,&nbsp;Jia-Ling Lin,&nbsp;Massoud Vahabzadeh,&nbsp;Patrick H Finan,&nbsp;Kenzie L Preston,&nbsp;David H Epstein","doi":"10.1037/abn0000674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Anhedonia</i> is usually defined as partial or total loss of the capacity for pleasure. People with anhedonia in the context of major depressive disorder may have an unexpected capacity for event-related mood brightening, observable when mood is assessed dynamically (with smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment [EMA]) rather than only statically via questionnaire. We used EMA to monitor mood and pleasant events for 4 weeks in 54 people being treated with opioid agonist medication for opioid-use disorder (OUD), which is also associated with anhedonia, said to manifest especially as loss of pleasure from nondrug reward. We compared OUD patients' EMA reports with those of 47 demographically similar controls. Background positive mood was lower in OUD patients than in controls, as we hypothesized (Cohen ds = .85 to 1.32, 95% CIs [.66, 1.55]), although, contrary to our hypothesis, background negative mood was also lower (ds = .82 to .85, 95% CIs [.73, .94]). As hypothesized, instances of nondrug pleasure were as frequent in OUD patients as in controls-and were not rated much less pleasurable (d = .18, 95% CI [-.03, .35]). Event-related mood brightening occurred in both abstinent and nonabstinent OUD patients (ds = .18 to .37, CIs [-.01, .57]) and controls (ds = .04 to .60, CIs [-.17, .79]), brightening before each event began earlier for controls than OUD patients, but faded similarly postevent across groups. Our findings add to the evidence that anhedonia does not rule out reactive mood brightening, which, for people with OUD being treated on opioid agonist medication, can be elicited by nondrug activities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":14793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of abnormal psychology","volume":" ","pages":"537-549"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8425598/pdf/nihms-1697951.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39376927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does crude measurement contribute to observed unidimensionality of psychological constructs? A demonstration with DSM-5 alcohol use disorder.","authors":"Ashley L Watts,&nbsp;Cassandra L Boness,&nbsp;Jordan E Loeffelman,&nbsp;Douglas Steinley,&nbsp;Kenneth J Sher","doi":"10.1037/abn0000678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000678","url":null,"abstract":"Mental disorders are complex, multifaceted phenomena that are associated with profound heterogeneity and comorbidity. Despite the heterogeneity of mental disorders, most are generally considered unitary dimensions. We argue that certain measurement practices, especially using too few indicators per construct, preclude the detection of meaningful multidimensionality. We demonstrate the implications of crude measurement for detecting construct multidimensionality with alcohol use disorder (AUD). To do so, we used a large sample of college heavy drinkers (N = 909) for whom AUD symptomology was thoroughly assessed (87 items) and a blend of confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and hierarchical clustering. A unidimensional AUD model with one item per symptom criterion fit the data well, whereas a unidimensional model with all items fit the data poorly. Starting with an 11-item AUD model, model fit decreased and the variability in factor loadings increased as additional items were added to the model. Additionally, multidimensional models outperformed unidimensional ones in terms of variance explained in theoretically relevant external criteria. All told, we converged on a hierarchically organized model of AUD with three broad, transcriterial dimensions that reflected tolerance, withdrawal, and loss of control. In addition to introducing a hierarchical model of AUD, we propose that thorough assessment of psychological constructs paired with serious consideration of alternative, multidimensional structures can move past the deadlock of their unidimensional representations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":14793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of abnormal psychology","volume":" ","pages":"512-524"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8443156/pdf/nihms-1697037.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39376925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rumination about obsessive symptoms and mood maintains obsessive-compulsive symptoms and depressed mood: An experimental study.","authors":"Karina Wahl,&nbsp;Marcel van den Hout,&nbsp;Carlotta V Heinzel,&nbsp;Martin Kollárik,&nbsp;Andrea Meyer,&nbsp;Charles Benoy,&nbsp;Götz Berberich,&nbsp;Katharina Domschke,&nbsp;Andrew Gloster,&nbsp;Gassan Gradwohl,&nbsp;Maria Hofecker,&nbsp;Andreas Jähne,&nbsp;Stefan Koch,&nbsp;Anne Katrin Külz,&nbsp;Franz Moggi,&nbsp;Christine Poppe,&nbsp;Andreas Riedel,&nbsp;Michael Rufer,&nbsp;Christian Stierle,&nbsp;Ulrich Voderholzer,&nbsp;Sebastian Walther,&nbsp;Roselind Lieb","doi":"10.1037/abn0000677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rumination is common in individuals diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We sought to clarify the causal role of rumination in the immediate and intermediate maintenance of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and depressed mood. In total, 145 individuals diagnosed with OCD were asked to read aloud their most distressing obsessive thought (OT). OT activation was followed by a thought-monitoring phase in which frequency of the OT was assessed. Participants were randomly allocated to one of three experimental conditions: rumination about obsessive-compulsive symptoms, rumination about mood, or distraction. Ratings of distress, urge to neutralize, and depressed mood and frequency ratings of the OTs were taken before and after the experimental manipulation. Obsessive-compulsive symptom severity and affect were assessed 2, 4, and 24 hr after the laboratory experiment using ecological momentary assessment. Compared to distraction, both types of rumination resulted in an immediate reduced decline of distress, urge to neutralize, depressed mood, and frequency of OTs, with medium to large effect sizes. Rumination about obsessive-compulsive symptoms did not have a stronger immediate effect than rumination about mood. Rumination about obsessive-compulsive symptoms increased obsessive-compulsive symptom severity and reduced positive affect compared to rumination about mood 24 hr later. Regarding negative affect, there was no difference in effect between the two types of rumination in the intermediate term. To conclude, rumination in OCD has an immediate and intermediate maintaining effect on obsessive-compulsive symptoms and mood and may require additional psychological interventions that supplement cognitive behavioral therapy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":14793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of abnormal psychology","volume":" ","pages":"435-442"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39377020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social comparisons and social anxiety in daily life: An experience-sampling approach.","authors":"Fallon R Goodman,&nbsp;Kerry C Kelso,&nbsp;Brenton M Wiernik,&nbsp;Todd B Kashdan","doi":"10.1037/abn0000671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Judgments about the self compared to internalized standards are central to theoretical frameworks of social anxiety. Yet, empirical research on social comparisons-how people view themselves relative to others-and social anxiety is sparse. This research program examines the nature of everyday social comparisons in the context of social anxiety across 2 experience-sampling studies containing 8,396 unique entries from 273 adults. Hypotheses and analyses were preregistered with the Open Science Foundation (OSF) prior to data analysis. Study 1 was a 3-week daily diary study with undergraduates, and Study 2 was a 2-week ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study with a clinical sample of adults diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and a psychologically healthy comparison group. In both studies, social anxiety was associated with less favorable, more unstable social comparisons. In both studies, favorable social comparisons were associated with higher positive affect and lower negative affect and social anxiety. In both studies, social comparisons and momentary affect/social anxiety were more strongly linked in people with elevated trait social anxiety/SAD compared to less socially anxious participants. Participants in Study 2-even those with SAD-made more favorable social comparisons when they were with other people than when alone. Taken together, results suggest that social anxiety is associated with unfavorable, unstable self-views that are linked to compromised well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":14793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of abnormal psychology","volume":" ","pages":"468-489"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8796168/pdf/nihms-1697033.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39377022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fear conditioning in women with anorexia nervosa and healthy controls: A preliminary study.","authors":"Ellen Lambert,&nbsp;Janet Treasure,&nbsp;Kirstin L Purves,&nbsp;Thomas McGregor,&nbsp;Nicol Bergou,&nbsp;Carol Kan,&nbsp;Gerome Breen,&nbsp;Thalia C Eley,&nbsp;Valentina Cardi","doi":"10.1037/abn0000549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anorexia nervosa is characterized by anxiety-driven behaviors, such as food avoidance and distressing persistent thoughts about weight gain and body image. The present study used a classical fear conditioning procedure to test the processes of fear acquisition and generalization, extinction, and renewal in patients with anorexia nervosa and healthy controls. An app-based fear conditioning procedure was administered remotely to 64 patients and 60 healthy controls, over two sessions. A human female scream served as the unconditioned stimulus (US) and two neutral shapes were used as either the paired conditioned stimulus (danger cue; CS+) or the unpaired conditioned stimulus (safe cue; CS-). Patients with anorexia nervosa reported greater threat expectancy in response to the danger cue during the extinction and renewal phases and overall higher levels of negative affect throughout the task, compared with controls. Future research is warranted to replicate these findings and highlight the role that anxiety plays in explaining fear conditioning responses in patients with anorexia nervosa. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":14793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of abnormal psychology","volume":" ","pages":"490-497"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39377023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The associations between polygenic risk, sensation seeking, social support, and alcohol use in adulthood.","authors":"Jinni Su, Sally I-Chun Kuo, Fazil Aliev, Grace Chan, Howard J Edenberg, Chella Kamarajan, Vivia V McCutcheon, Jacquelyn L Meyers, Marc Schuckit, Jay Tischfield, Danielle M Dick","doi":"10.1037/abn0000568","DOIUrl":"10.1037/abn0000568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genetic predispositions play an important role in alcohol use. Understanding the psychosocial mechanisms through which genetic risk unfolds to influence alcohol use outcomes is critical for identifying modifiable targets and developing prevention and intervention efforts. In this study, we examined the role of sensation seeking and social support from family and friends in linking genetic risk to alcohol use. We also examined the role of social support in moderating the associations between genetic risk and sensation seeking and alcohol use. Data were drawn from a sample of 2,836 European American adults from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (46% male, mean age = 35.65, standard deviation [<i>SD</i>] = 10.78). Results from path analysis indicated that genome-wide polygenic scores for alcohol consumption (alc-GPS) were associated with higher sensation seeking, which in turn was associated with higher levels of alcohol use. alc-GPS was also associated with higher alcohol use indirectly via lower levels of family support. In addition, high friend support attenuated the association between alc-GPS and sensation seeking and alcohol use. The pattern of associations was similar for males and females, with some differences in the associations between social support and alcohol use observed across age. Our findings highlight the important role of intermediate phenotypes and gene-environment interplay in the pathways of risk from genetic predispositions to complex alcohol use outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":14793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of abnormal psychology","volume":" ","pages":"525-536"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10882995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39376924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moral strategies and psychopathic traits.","authors":"Josi M A Driessen,&nbsp;Jeroen M van Baar,&nbsp;Alan G Sanfey,&nbsp;Jeffrey C Glennon,&nbsp;Inti A Brazil","doi":"10.1037/abn0000675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychopathy is a personality construct encompassing impaired interpersonal-affective functioning, combined with the inclination to lead an erratic lifestyle and to engage in antisocial acts. Individuals with elevated psychopathic traits often make decisions that have a negative impact on others. Some findings suggest that a lack of empathy and guilt is a key explanatory factor, while other results point toward a decreased sense of fairness in individuals with elevated psychopathic traits. The goal of the present study was to directly compare these hypotheses. Eighty-six healthy individuals completed the Self-Report Psychopathy scale and performed the Hidden Multiplier Trust Game, a socioeconomic decision-making task designed to untangle the roles of guilt and fairness during decision-making. Computational modeling of choice data identified five types of moral decision strategies: inequity aversion, guilt aversion, moral opportunism, greed, and generosity. The model-free results demonstrated that psychopathic traits were associated with lower levels of reciprocity. The model-based results suggested that a reduced sense of fairness, associated with affective traits, was driving this behavior. Our findings stress the importance of treating guilt and fairness as independent concepts, and highlight the importance of improving conceptual precision in untangling the individual impact of fairness and guilt, as this could help explain the mixed results in moral decision-making literature. Elucidating the psychological motivations underlying the relationship between psychopathic traits and poor social decision-making opens new avenues for research on the underlying cognitive mechanisms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":14793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of abnormal psychology","volume":" ","pages":"550-561"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39376926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for Relationship Between Transdiagnostic Dimensions of Psychopathology and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): A TRACK-TBI Study","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/abn0000672.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000672.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of abnormal psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46865481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}