Journal of abnormal psychology最新文献

{"title":"Predictors of internalized mental health stigma in a help-seeking sample of youth: The roles of psychosis-spectrum symptoms and family functioning.","authors":"Joseph S DeLuca,&nbsp;LeeAnn Akouri-Shan,&nbsp;Samantha Y Jay,&nbsp;Samantha L Redman,&nbsp;Emily Petti,&nbsp;Alicia Lucksted,&nbsp;Pamela Rakhshan Rouhakhtar,&nbsp;Mallory J Klaunig,&nbsp;Sarah M Edwards,&nbsp;Gloria M Reeves,&nbsp;Jason Schiffman","doi":"10.1037/abn0000679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Experiencing psychosis-spectrum symptoms is challenging to youth. Among many difficulties, internalized mental health stigma-the internalization of negative stereotypes-can lead to shame and withdrawal. The objective of this study was to better understand the correlates of internalized stigma among a clinical sample of youth with psychosis-spectrum symptoms. Participants (n = 66; 12-25 years old) were referred by community providers in Maryland, United States. Psychosis-spectrum symptoms were measured via the <i>Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes</i> (SIPS); family-functioning was measured via the <i>Family Assessment Device</i>. Interviewers rated participants' social/role functioning via the <i>Global Functioning: Social and Role Scales</i>. Internalized stigma was measured using the <i>Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness</i> (ISMI) total scale and subscales. The sample included 34 individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis, 16 experiencing early psychosis, and 16 help-seeking controls. Regression analyses indicated that unusual beliefs, avolition, role functioning, and lower family-functioning (caregiver-reported) were significantly associated with higher aspects of internalized stigma, controlling for other symptoms and sociodemographics. These models explained 27% of the variance (adjusted R2) in the total ISMI scale and between 15% to 49% of the variance in ISMI-subscales. Among this help-seeking sample, unusual beliefs, avolition, higher role functioning, and lower family-functioning (caregiver-reported) were associated with more internalized stigma. Pending future research with larger samples, therapeutic interventions focused on these factors and their correlates may benefit youth. Future research is needed to determine temporal precedence of these associations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":14793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of abnormal psychology","volume":" ","pages":"587-593"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8480379/pdf/nihms-1715471.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39444101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortical and subcortical gray matter volume in psychopathy: A voxel-wise meta-analysis.","authors":"Stephane A De Brito,&nbsp;Daniel McDonald,&nbsp;Julia A Camilleri,&nbsp;Jack C Rogers","doi":"10.1037/abn0000698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies of gray matter volume (GMV) in psychopathy have produced inconsistent results and few have been replicated. Therefore, to clarify GMV abnormalities associated with psychopathy as operationalized by Hare (2003), we conducted a meta-analysis of VBM studies using both categorical and dimensional analyses. We identified seven studies eligible for the categorical meta-analysis (136 men with psychopathy vs 150 male controls) and 11 studies (N = 519) eligible for dimensional metaregressions. First, we used seed-based d mapping with permutation of subject images for voxel-based meta-analyses. Statistical parametric maps of GMV were available for four (57%) of the studies included in the categorical meta-analysis and for five (45%) of the studies included in the dimensional metaregression analyses, with peak coordinates available for the remaining studies. Second, we used metadata of a large-scale neuroimaging database to provide an objective and quantitative account of psychological processes attributed to the brain regions we identified in our group meta-analysis and metaregressions. Men with psychopathy exhibited reliable GMV abnormalities circumscribed to the left hemisphere in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the medial orbitofrontal cortex. Total psychopathy scores and Factors 1 and 2 scores were all related to decreased GMV within those two prefrontal regions, as well as decreased GMV in a wider set of regions encompassing midline, temporal, parietal, occipital, and subcortical structures. We discuss how decreased GMV in those regions likely account for the impairments in the emotion, cognition, action, and perception domains seen in the disorder. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":14793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of abnormal psychology","volume":" ","pages":"627-640"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39441494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the criterion validity of hierarchical psychopathology dimensions across models: Familial aggregation and associations with research domain criteria (sub)constructs.","authors":"Carter J Funkhouser,&nbsp;Kelly A Correa,&nbsp;Allison M Letkiewicz,&nbsp;Eugene M Cozza,&nbsp;Ryne Estabrook,&nbsp;Stewart A Shankman","doi":"10.1037/abn0000687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) posits that psychopathology is a hierarchy of correlated dimensions. Numerous studies have examined the validity of these dimensions using bifactor models, in which each disorder loads onto both a general and specific factor (e.g., internalizing, externalizing). Although bifactor models tend to fit better than alternative models, concerns have been raised about bifactor model selection, factor reliability, and interpretability. Therefore, we compared the reliability and validity of several higher-order HiTOP dimensions between bifactor and correlated factor models using familial aggregation and associations with Research Domain Criteria (RDoC; sub)constructs as validators. Lifetime psychopathology was assessed in a community sample (N = 504) using dimensional disorder severity scales calculated from semistructured interview data. A series of unidimensional, correlated factor, and bifactor models were fit to model several HiTOP dimensions. A bifactor model with two specific factors (internalizing and disinhibited externalizing) and a correlated two-factor model provided the best fit to the data. HiTOP dimensions had adequate reliability in the correlated factor model, but suboptimal reliability in the bifactor model. The disinhibited externalizing dimension was highly correlated across the two models and was familial, yet largely unrelated to RDoC (sub)constructs in both models. The internalizing dimension in the correlated factor model and the general factor in the bifactor model were highly correlated and had similar validity patterns, suggesting the general factor was largely redundant with the internalizing dimension in the correlated factor model. These findings support concerns about the interpretability of psychopathology dimensions in bifactor models. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":14793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of abnormal psychology","volume":" ","pages":"575-586"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8480429/pdf/nihms-1715482.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39444100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing healthy adolescent females with and without parental history of eating pathology on neural responsivity to food and thin models and other potential risk factors.","authors":"Eric Stice,&nbsp;Sonja Yokum,&nbsp;Paul Rohde,&nbsp;Kasie Cloud,&nbsp;Chrisopher David Desjardins","doi":"10.1037/abn0000686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We tested the hypotheses that female adolescents at risk for future eating disorders, based on parental history of binge eating and compensatory weight control behaviors, would show greater reward and attention region response to thin-models and tastes, anticipated tastes, and images of high-calorie foods, lower inhibitory circuitry response to a high-calorie food-specific go/no-go paradigm, and greater limbic circuitry response to negative mood induction. We recruited female adolescents free of binge eating or compensatory behaviors (N = 88; M_age = 14.6 [SD = .9]; 72% White) with versus without parental history of eating pathology. Parental-history-positive youth showed elevated reward region response (putamen) to anticipated tastes of chocolate milkshake, and greater emotionality, caloric deprivation, weight and shape overvaluation, and feeling fat (though no difference in weight), but lower liking of high-calorie foods, which were medium to large effects. We did not observe statistically significant differences in neural responsivity for the other paradigms. The evidence that parental-history-positive youth show greater reward region response to anticipated tastes of high-calorie food, overvaluation of weight/shape, feeling fat, caloric deprivation, emotionality, and lower liking of high-calorie foods before evidencing behavioral symptoms of eating disorders are novel findings. Weight/shape overvaluation may contribute to feeling fat, lower food liking, and caloric deprivation; the latter may drive elevated reward region response to anticipated consumption of high-calorie food and emotionality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":14793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of abnormal psychology","volume":" ","pages":"608-619"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39441492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adult separation anxiety: Personality characteristics of a neglected clinical syndrome.","authors":"Megan C Finsaas,&nbsp;Daniel N Klein","doi":"10.1037/abn0000682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past two decades, interest in the relationship between personality and psychopathology has resurged. However, the clinical problem of adult separation anxiety (ASA) has been largely excluded from this endeavor due to the age-of-onset criterion in older editions of the DSM that prohibited first-onset diagnoses in adulthood. This study tests relationships between ASA symptoms and higher- and lower-order personality traits in a community sample of 565 women. It accounts for systematic error by utilizing informant report, two personality inventories, and data from two time points over three years, and by adjusting for mood state. It also tests longitudinal ASA-personality models. Results indicate that ASA is robustly associated with negative emotionality and its facet of stress reaction, as well as with aggression, alienation, and absorption to somewhat lesser degrees. These relationships are not due to overlap with other traits (except in the case of alienation), or mood-state biases, and they are verified by informants. Moreover, negative temperament predicts greater levels of ASA three years later, adjusting for baseline ASA. Neither positive emotionality or temperament, nor positive emotionality's lower-order scales, were uniquely related to ASA in multitrait models, whereas relationships between ASA and disinhibition and constraint were inconsistent. These findings lay the groundwork for future research testing the mechanisms and causal links between these personality traits and ASA and may help clinicians anticipate traits that are associated with ASA in order to tailor treatments to patients' personalities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":14793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of abnormal psychology","volume":" ","pages":"620-626"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8478136/pdf/nihms-1715457.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39441493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oculomotor inhibition and location priming in schizophrenia.","authors":"Sonia Bansal, Nicholas Gaspelin, Benjamin M Robinson, Britta Hahn, Steven J Luck, James M Gold","doi":"10.1037/abn0000683","DOIUrl":"10.1037/abn0000683","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schizophrenia is widely thought to involve elevated distractibility, which may reflect a general impairment in top-down inhibitory processes. Schizophrenia also appears to involve increased priming of previously performed actions. Here, we used a highly refined eye-tracking paradigm that makes it possible to concurrently assess distractibility, inhibition, and priming. In both healthy control subjects (HCS, N = 41) and people with schizophrenia (PSZ, N = 46), we found that initial saccades were actually less likely to be directed toward a salient \"singleton\" distractor than toward less salient distractors, reflecting top-down suppression of the singleton. Remarkably, this oculomotor suppression effect was as strong or stronger in PSZ than in HCS, indicating intact inhibitory control. In addition, saccades were frequently directed to the location of the previous-trial target in both groups, but this priming effect was much stronger in PSZ than in HCS. Indeed, PSZ directed gaze toward the location of the previous-trial target as often as they directed gaze to the location of the current-trial target. These results demonstrate that-at least in the context of visual search-PSZ are no more distractable than HCS and are fully capable of inhibiting salient-but-irrelevant stimuli. However, PSZ do exhibit exaggerated priming, focusing on recently attended locations even when this is not beneficial for goal attainment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":14793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of abnormal psychology","volume":" ","pages":"651-664"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8480515/pdf/nihms-1731361.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39441496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying hierarchical bayesian modeling to experimental psychopathology data: An introduction and tutorial.","authors":"I. Tso, S. Taylor, T. Johnson","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/62t9j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/62t9j","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past 2 decades Bayesian methods have been gaining popularity in many scientific disciplines. However, to this date, they are rarely part of formal graduate statistical training in clinical science. Although Bayesian methods can be an attractive alternative to classical methods for answering certain research questions, they involve a heavy \"overhead\" (e.g., advanced mathematical methods, complex computations), which pose significant barriers to researchers interested in adding Bayesian methods to their statistical toolbox. To increase the accessibility of Bayesian methods for psychopathology researchers, this article presents a gentle introduction of the Bayesian inference framework and a tutorial on implementation. We first provide a primer on the key concepts of Bayesian inference and major implementation considerations related to Bayesian estimation. We then demonstrate how to apply hierarchical Bayesian modeling (HBM) to experimental psychopathology data. Using a real dataset collected from two clinical groups (schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) and a healthy comparison sample on a psychophysical gaze perception task, we illustrate how to model individual responses and group differences with probability functions respectful of the presumed underlying data-generating process and the hierarchical nature of the data. We provide the code with explanations and the data used to generate and visualize the results to facilitate learning. Finally, we discuss interpretation of the results in terms of posterior probabilities and compare the results with those obtained using a traditional method. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":14793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of abnormal psychology","volume":"130 8 1","pages":"923-936"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42745907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between transdiagnostic dimensions of psychopathology and traumatic brain injury (TBI): A TRACK-TBI study.","authors":"Lindsay D Nelson,&nbsp;Mark D Kramer,&nbsp;Keanan J Joyner,&nbsp;Christopher J Patrick,&nbsp;Murray B Stein,&nbsp;Nancy Temkin,&nbsp;Harvey S Levin,&nbsp;John Whyte,&nbsp;Amy J Markowitz,&nbsp;Joseph Giacino,&nbsp;Geoffrey T Manley","doi":"10.1037/abn0000672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common, comorbid, and often disabling for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Identifying transdiagnostic symptom dimensions post-TBI may help overcome limitations of traditional psychiatric diagnoses and advance treatment development. We characterized the dimensional structure of neuropsychiatric symptoms at 2-weeks postinjury in n = 1,732 TBI patients and n = 238 orthopedic-injured trauma controls (OTC) from the Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in TBI (TRACK-TBI) study. Symptoms were reported on the Brief Symptom Inventory-18, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Depression checklist, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, PROMIS Pain Intensity scale, and Insomnia Severity Index. We established a novel factor model of neuropsychiatric symptoms and evaluated how 3 TBI severity strata and OTC patients differed in symptom severity. The final factor model had 6 first-order factors subsumed by 2 second-order factors: Internalizing (encompassing Depression, Anxiety, and Fear) and Somatic symptoms (Sleep, Physical, Pain). Somatic symptoms fit better as a correlated factor of (vs. a lower-order factor within) Internalizing. All symptom dimensions except for Pain were more severe in 1 or more TBI subgroups, as compared to the OTC group. Milder brain injury was generally associated with more severe symptoms, whereas more general injury severity (higher level of care, e.g., emergency department, intensive care unit) was associated with more pain. The findings indicate a broad factor resembling the internalizing factor of general psychopathology in traumatically injured patients, alongside a distinct somatic symptom factor. Brain injury, especially milder brain injury, may exacerbate liabilities toward these symptoms. These neuropsychiatric dimensions may help advance more precision medicine research for TBI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":14793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of abnormal psychology","volume":" ","pages":"423-434"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8552293/pdf/nihms-1748216.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39081294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posttraumatic stress symptom dimensions and brain responses to startling auditory stimuli in combat veterans.","authors":"Craig A Marquardt,&nbsp;Victor J Pokorny,&nbsp;Seung Suk Kang,&nbsp;Bruce N Cuthbert,&nbsp;Scott R Sponheim","doi":"10.1037/abn0000552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is marked by alterations in emotional functioning, physiological reactivity, and attention. Neural reactivity to acoustic startle stimuli can be used to understand brain functions related to these alterations. Investigations of startle reactivity in PTSD have yielded inconsistent findings, which may reflect the heterogeneity of the disorder. Furthermore, little is known of how the common co-occurrence of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI; i.e., concussion) may influence neural reactivity. We examined the event-related potentials (ERPs) of combat veterans (n = 102) to acoustic startle probes delivered during viewing of pleasant, neutral, unpleasant, and combat-related pictures. Interview-based assessments yielded dimensional characterizations of PTSD and mTBI. The P3 ERP response to startle probes was reduced during all affective relative to neutral pictures but failed to be associated with a PTSD diagnosis. However, two separable domains of PTSD symptomatology were associated with startle ERPs regardless of the picture conditions. Maladaptive avoidance was associated with smaller N1, P2, and P3 amplitudes, while intrusive reexperiencing was associated with larger P2 amplitudes. There were no main effects of mTBI. Findings suggest that level of symptomatology rather than a formal diagnosis of PTSD better explains alterations in neural reactivity after traumatic events, while mild brain injuries have little impact. Avoidance symptoms of PTSD may dampen neural functions that facilitate reorientation to threat while intrusive reexperiencing of traumatic events appears to heighten sensory reactivity. Considering specific aspects of symptomatology provides insight into the neural basis of trauma-related psychopathology and may help guide individualization of clinical interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":14793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of abnormal psychology","volume":"130 5","pages":"455-467"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10868100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consequences of exposure to the thin ideal in mass media depend on moderators in young women: An experimental study.","authors":"Simone Munsch,&nbsp;Nadine Messerli-Bürgy,&nbsp;Andrea H Meyer,&nbsp;Nadine Humbel,&nbsp;Kathrin Schopf,&nbsp;Andrea Wyssen,&nbsp;Felicitas Forrer,&nbsp;Esther Biedert,&nbsp;Julia Lennertz,&nbsp;Stephan Trier,&nbsp;Bettina Isenschmid,&nbsp;Gabriella Milos,&nbsp;Malte Claussen,&nbsp;Katherina Whinyates,&nbsp;Dirk Adolph,&nbsp;Jürgen Margraf,&nbsp;Hans-Jörg Assion,&nbsp;Tobias Teismann,&nbsp;Bianca Ueberberg,&nbsp;Georg Juckel,&nbsp;Judith Müller,&nbsp;Benedikt Klauke,&nbsp;Silvia Schneider","doi":"10.1037/abn0000676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the consequences of media exposure to thin ideals compared to pictures of landscapes in healthy young women and women with eating and mixed mental disorders and investigated whether appearance-related cognitive factors and cognitive distortions moderate the effects. Two hundred seventy-five women in a multisite laboratory trial (174 in- or outpatients and 101 healthy women; <i>M</i>_age 22.87 years, SD = 3.94) were exposed to either thin ideals or to landscape pictures and guided through a vivid imagery of these pictures thereafter. Changes in body image dissatisfaction, mood, eating behavior, and physiological markers were assessed. After thin ideal exposure and even more after guided imagery, women's body image dissatisfaction increased and mood declined. The effect on mood was most pronounced in women with eating disorders, less in women with mixed disorders, and smallest in healthy controls. No effects were found on physiological measures. Higher values of appearance-related cognitive factors moderated the effect of thin ideal exposure and guided imagery on all psychological outcomes. Cognitive distortions moderated the effect of thin ideal exposure and guided imagery on mood. Findings indicate an overall susceptibility to viewing thin ideal pictures in magazines in young and especially in women with eating disorders. Though exposure in the laboratory resulted in psychological effects, it did not lead to a physiological stress response. The impact of thin ideal exposure on mood is in line with affect-regulation models in eating disorders, with appearance-related cognitive factors and cognitive distortions potentially accelerating such effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":14793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of abnormal psychology","volume":" ","pages":"498-511"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39377024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}