ISRN Psychiatry最新文献_第3页

A multiple case series analysis of six variants of attentional bias modification for depression. 抑郁症注意偏倚修正的六种变体的多病例系列分析。

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2013-03-21 Print Date: 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2013/414170

Anne-Wil Kruijt, Peter Putman, Willem Van der Does

{"title":"A multiple case series analysis of six variants of attentional bias modification for depression.","authors":"Anne-Wil Kruijt, Peter Putman, Willem Van der Does","doi":"10.1155/2013/414170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/414170","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Attention bias modification (ABM) is a new treatment for affective disorders. A meta-analysis of ABM for anxiety disorders showed that the effect size may be large but the number of studies is low. The working mechanism is still unclear, and little is known about the optimal treatment parameters. ABM for depression is much less studied. A few studies claimed positive effects but the sample sizes are low. Furthermore, the treatment parameters varied widely and differed from the anxiety literature. Aim. To select the most promising version of ABM for depression for further evaluation in clinical trials. Methods. Multiple case series design. We tested six versions of ABM that varied on stimulus duration and training direction. Thirty students with mild to moderate symptoms of depression underwent four sessions of ABM. Change of attentional bias was measured during each session. Generalization of treatment effects and the role of awareness of receiving training were also investigated. Results. None of the investigated versions of ABM had a consistent effect on attentional bias. Changes of attentional bias in individual participants the effects did not generalize to untrained stimuli. Conclusion. It is unlikely that any of these ABM versions will have a specific effect on symptoms in controlled studies.","PeriodicalId":14749,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Psychiatry","volume":"2013 ","pages":"414170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/414170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31483838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Disrupted central inhibition after transcranial magnetic stimulation of motor cortex in schizophrenia with long-term antipsychotic treatment. 长期抗精神病药物治疗的精神分裂症患者经颅磁刺激后运动皮层中枢抑制紊乱。

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2013-03-14 Print Date: 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2013/876171

Aulikki Ahlgrén-Rimpiläinen, Hannu Lauerma, Seppo Kähkönen, Ilpo Rimpiläinen

{"title":"Disrupted central inhibition after transcranial magnetic stimulation of motor cortex in schizophrenia with long-term antipsychotic treatment.","authors":"Aulikki Ahlgrén-Rimpiläinen, Hannu Lauerma, Seppo Kähkönen, Ilpo Rimpiläinen","doi":"10.1155/2013/876171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/876171","url":null,"abstract":"Aims. Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder associated with mental and motor disturbances. We aimed to investigate motor control, especially central silent period (CSP) in subjects with schizophrenia (n = 11) on long-term antipsychotic treatment compared to healthy controls (n = 9). Methods. Latency and duration of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and CSPs were measured with the help of single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and intramuscular electrodes. After stimulation of the dominant and nondominant motor cortex of abductor digiti minimi (ADM) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscle areas, respective responses were measured on the contralateral side. Results. MEPs did not differ significantly between the groups. Multiple CSPs were found predominantly in subjects with schizophrenia, which showed a higher number of CSPs in the dominant ADM and the longest summarized duration of CSPs in the nondominant ADM (P < 0.05) compared to controls. Conclusions. There were multiple CSPs predominantly in the upper extremities and in the dominant body side in subjects with schizophrenia. Behind multiple CSPs may lie an impaired regulation of excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmitter systems in central motor pathways. Further research is needed to clarify the role of the intramuscular recording methods and the effect of antipsychotics on the results.","PeriodicalId":14749,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Psychiatry","volume":"2013 ","pages":"876171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/876171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31574529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Substance abusers in an acute psychiatric facility: a diagnostic and logistic challenge. 急性精神病院的药物滥用者:诊断和后勤挑战。

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2013-02-21 Print Date: 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2013/705657

John E Berg, Asbjørn Restan

{"title":"Substance abusers in an acute psychiatric facility: a diagnostic and logistic challenge.","authors":"John E Berg, Asbjørn Restan","doi":"10.1155/2013/705657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/705657","url":null,"abstract":"Acute resident psychiatric facilities in Norway usually get their patients after referral from a medical doctor. Acute psychiatric wards are the only places accepting persons in need of emergency hospitalisation when emergency units in somatic hospitals do not accept the patient. Resident patients at one random chosen day were scrutinized in an acute psychiatric facility with 36 beds serving a catchment area of 165 000. Twenty-five patients were resident in the facility at that particular day. Eight of 25 resident patients (32.0%) in the acute wards were referred for a substance-induced psychosis (SIP). Another patient may also have had a SIP, but the differential diagnostic work was not finished. A main primary diagnosis of substance use was given in the medical reports in only 12.9% of patients during the last year. Given that the chosen day was representative of the year, a majority of patients with substance abuse problems were given other diagnoses. There seems to be a reluctance to declare the primary reason for an acute stay in a third of resident stays. Lack of specialized emergency detoxification facilities may have contributed to the results.","PeriodicalId":14749,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Psychiatry","volume":"2013 ","pages":"705657"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/705657","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31574527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Chronic phencyclidine increases synapsin-1 and synaptic adaptation proteins in the medial prefrontal cortex. 慢性苯环利定会增加内侧前额叶皮层的突触素-1和突触适应蛋白。

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2013-02-19 Print Date: 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2013/620361

Chris Pickering, Mia Ericson, Bo Söderpalm

{"title":"Chronic phencyclidine increases synapsin-1 and synaptic adaptation proteins in the medial prefrontal cortex.","authors":"Chris Pickering, Mia Ericson, Bo Söderpalm","doi":"10.1155/2013/620361","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2013/620361","url":null,"abstract":"Phencyclidine (PCP) mimics many aspects of schizophrenia, yet the underlying mechanism of neurochemical adaptation for PCP is unknown. We therefore used proteomics to study changes in the medial prefrontal cortex in animals with PCP-induced behavioural deficits. Male Wistar rats were injected with saline or 5 mg/kg phencyclidine for 5 days followed by two days of washout. Spontaneous alternation behaviour was tested in a Y-maze and then proteins were extracted from the medial prefrontal cortex. 2D-DIGE analysis followed by spot picking and protein identification with mass spectrometry then provided a list of differentially expressed proteins. Treatment with 5 mg/kg phencyclidine decreased the percentage of correct alternations in the Y-maze compared to saline-treated controls. Proteomics analysis of the medial prefrontal cortex found upregulation of 6 proteins (synapsin-1, Dpysl3, Aco2, Fscn1, Tuba1c, and Mapk1) and downregulation of 11 (Bin1, Dpysl2, Sugt1, ApoE, Psme1, ERp29, Pgam1, Uchl1, Ndufv2, Pcmt1, and Vdac1). A trend to upregulation was observed for Gnb4 and Capza2, while downregulation trends were noted for alpha-enolase and Fh. Many of the hits in this study concur with recent postmortem data from schizophrenic patients and this further validates the use of phencyclidine in preclinical translational research.","PeriodicalId":14749,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Psychiatry","volume":"2013 ","pages":"620361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3658391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31574525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of methylated vitamin B complex on depressive and anxiety symptoms and quality of life in adults with depression. 甲基化维生素B复合物对成年抑郁症患者抑郁和焦虑症状及生活质量的影响

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2013-01-21 Print Date: 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2013/621453

John E Lewis, Eduard Tiozzo, Angelica B Melillo, Susanna Leonard, Lawrence Chen, Armando Mendez, Judi M Woolger, Janet Konefal

{"title":"The effect of methylated vitamin B complex on depressive and anxiety symptoms and quality of life in adults with depression.","authors":"John E Lewis, Eduard Tiozzo, Angelica B Melillo, Susanna Leonard, Lawrence Chen, Armando Mendez, Judi M Woolger, Janet Konefal","doi":"10.1155/2013/621453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/621453","url":null,"abstract":"Depression, the most common type of mental illness, is the second leading cause of disability and is increasing among Americans. The effect of improved nutrition, particularly with dietary supplements, on depression may provide an alternative to standard medical treatment. Some studies have shown that certain nutrients (e.g., inositol and S-adenosyl methionine) are effective at improving depressed mood, although the results are not unequivocal. The current study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of a vitamin B complex nutritional supplement (Max Stress B) for improving depressive and anxiety symptoms according to the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories (BDI and BAI) in 60 adults diagnosed with major depression or other forms of depressive disorders. Secondary outcomes included quality of life according to the SF-36. Participants were assessed at baseline and 30- and 60-day followups. Max Stress B showed significant and more continuous improvements in depressive and anxiety symptoms, compared to placebo. Additionally, Max Stress B showed significant improvement on the mental health scale of the SF-36 compared to placebo. Thus, we showed modest utility of Max Stress B to improve mood symptoms and mental health quality of life in adults with depression.","PeriodicalId":14749,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Psychiatry","volume":"2013 ","pages":"621453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/621453","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31574526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35

Complementary and alternative therapies for pediatric attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a descriptive review. 儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的补充和替代疗法:描述性综述。

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-12-26 Print Date: 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.5402/2012/804127

H Russell Searight, Kayla Robertson, Todd Smith, Scott Perkins, Barbara K Searight

{"title":"Complementary and alternative therapies for pediatric attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a descriptive review.","authors":"H Russell Searight, Kayla Robertson, Todd Smith, Scott Perkins, Barbara K Searight","doi":"10.5402/2012/804127","DOIUrl":"10.5402/2012/804127","url":null,"abstract":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), characterized by impulsivity, distractibility, and inattention, has an estimated pediatric population prevalence of 6-8%. Family physicians and pediatricians evaluate and treat the majority of children with this condition. The evidence-based treatment of choice for ADHD, stimulant medication, continues to be a source of public controversy. Surveys suggest that among parents of children with ADHD, there is considerable interest in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). These therapies include herbal preparations, mineral supplements, sugar restriction, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Other AD/HD therapies include neuro-feedback, cognitive training, mindfulness meditation, and exposure to \"green space.\" In order to assist physicians and mental health professionals in responding to patient and parent queries, this paper briefly describes these CAM therapies and current research regarding their effectiveness. While investigations in this area are hampered by research design issues such as sample size and the absence of double-blind placebo-controlled trials, there is some evidence that omega three fatty acids, zinc supplements, and neuro-feedback may have some efficacy.","PeriodicalId":14749,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Psychiatry","volume":"2012 ","pages":"804127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3671686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31596024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Relationships between Cholesterol and Suicide: An Update. 胆固醇与自杀之间的关系:最新进展。

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-12-23 Print Date: 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.5402/2012/387901

Domenico De Berardis, Stefano Marini, Monica Piersanti, Marilde Cavuto, Giampaolo Perna, Alessandro Valchera, Monica Mazza, Michele Fornaro, Felice Iasevoli, Giovanni Martinotti, Massimo Di Giannantonio

引用次数: 68

Religion, spirituality, and health: the research and clinical implications. 宗教、灵性与健康：研究与临床意义。

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-12-16 Print Date: 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.5402/2012/278730

Harold G Koenig

{"title":"Religion, spirituality, and health: the research and clinical implications.","authors":"Harold G Koenig","doi":"10.5402/2012/278730","DOIUrl":"10.5402/2012/278730","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a concise but comprehensive review of research on religion/spirituality (R/S) and both mental health and physical health. It is based on a systematic review of original data-based quantitative research published in peer-reviewed journals between 1872 and 2010, including a few seminal articles published since 2010. First, I provide a brief historical background to set the stage. Then I review research on R/S and mental health, examining relationships with both positive and negative mental health outcomes, where positive outcomes include well-being, happiness, hope, optimism, and gratefulness, and negative outcomes involve depression, suicide, anxiety, psychosis, substance abuse, delinquency/crime, marital instability, and personality traits (positive and negative). I then explain how and why R/S might influence mental health. Next, I review research on R/S and health behaviors such as physical activity, cigarette smoking, diet, and sexual practices, followed by a review of relationships between R/S and heart disease, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease and dementia, immune functions, endocrine functions, cancer, overall mortality, physical disability, pain, and somatic symptoms. I then present a theoretical model explaining how R/S might influence physical health. Finally, I discuss what health professionals should do in light of these research findings and make recommendations in this regard.","PeriodicalId":14749,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Psychiatry","volume":"2012 ","pages":"278730"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3671693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31596021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mindfulness-based interventions for physical conditions: a narrative review evaluating levels of evidence. 以正念为基础的身体状况干预：评估证据水平的叙述性综述。

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-11-14 Print Date: 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.5402/2012/651583

Linda E Carlson

{"title":"Mindfulness-based interventions for physical conditions: a narrative review evaluating levels of evidence.","authors":"Linda E Carlson","doi":"10.5402/2012/651583","DOIUrl":"10.5402/2012/651583","url":null,"abstract":"Research on mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for treating symptoms of a wide range of medical conditions has proliferated in recent decades. Mindfulness is the cultivation of nonjudgmental awareness in the present moment. It is both a practice and a way of being in the world. Mindfulness is purposefully cultivated in a range of structured interventions, the most popular of which is mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), followed by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT). This paper begins with a discussion of the phenomenological experience of coping with a chronic and potentially life-threatening illness, followed by a theoretical discussion of the application of mindfulness in these situations. The literature evaluating MBIs within medical conditions is then comprehensively reviewed, applying a levels of evidence rating framework within each major condition. The bulk of the research looked at diagnoses of cancer, pain conditions (chronic pain, low back pain, fibromyalgia, and rheumatoid arthritis), cardiovascular disease, diabetes, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and irritable bowel syndrome. Most outcomes assessed are psychological in nature and show substantial benefit, although some physical and disease-related parameters have also been evaluated. The field would benefit from more adequately powered randomized controlled trials utilizing active comparison groups and assessing the moderating role of patient characteristics and program \"dose\" in determining outcomes.","PeriodicalId":14749,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Psychiatry","volume":"2012 ","pages":"651583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3671698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31596023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Frequency Distribution of COMT Polymorphisms in Greek Patients with Schizophrenia and Controls: A Study of SNPs rs737865, rs4680, and rs165599. 希腊精神分裂症患者和对照组COMT多态性的频率分布:rs737865、rs4680和rs165599 snp的研究

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-11-01 Print Date: 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.5402/2012/651613

Kotrotsou Maria, Touloumis Charalampos, Dido Vassilakopoulou, Syriou Stavroula, Kalampoki Vasiliki, Drakoulis Nikolaos

{"title":"Frequency Distribution of COMT Polymorphisms in Greek Patients with Schizophrenia and Controls: A Study of SNPs rs737865, rs4680, and rs165599.","authors":"Kotrotsou Maria, Touloumis Charalampos, Dido Vassilakopoulou, Syriou Stavroula, Kalampoki Vasiliki, Drakoulis Nikolaos","doi":"10.5402/2012/651613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/651613","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric condition, is characterized by disturbances of cognition, emotion, and social functioning. The disease affects almost 1% of world population. Recent studies evaluating the role of catechol-O-methyltransferase enzyme (COMT) polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia have resulted in ambiguous findings. The current study examined the association of schizophrenia with three COMT polymorphisms, namely, rs737865, rs4680, and rs165599 in a Greek population. There was no significant association between schizophrenia and any of the three SNPs examined. However, haplotype analysis showed that cases have higher frequency of the T-A-A haplotype, and participants with that haplotype were at increased risk for developing schizophrenia (OR = 1.52; CL : 1.12-2.08; P = 0.008). Furthermore, patients with schizophrenia displayed an excess of TC/AA/AA and the TT/AA/GA genotypes. Similarly a protective effect of TT/GG/GG and TT/GA/GG was suggested by our results.","PeriodicalId":14749,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Psychiatry","volume":"2012 ","pages":"651613"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2012/651613","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31596022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6