ISRN Psychiatry最新文献_第4页

Toward a theory of childhood learning disorders, hyperactivity, and aggression. 儿童学习障碍、多动和攻击理论。

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-09-27 Print Date: 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.5402/2012/589792

Anthony R Mawson

{"title":"Toward a theory of childhood learning disorders, hyperactivity, and aggression.","authors":"Anthony R Mawson","doi":"10.5402/2012/589792","DOIUrl":"10.5402/2012/589792","url":null,"abstract":"Learning disorders are often associated with persistent hyperactivity and aggression and are part of a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders. A potential clue to understanding these linked phenomena is that physical exercise and passive forms of stimulation are calming, enhance cognitive functions and learning, and are recommended as complementary treatments for these problems. The theory is proposed that hyperactivity and aggression are intense stimulation-seeking behaviors (SSBs) driven by increased brain retinergic activity, and the stimulation thus obtained activates opposing nitrergic systems which inhibit retinergic activity, induce a state of calm, and enhance cognition and learning. In persons with cognitive deficits and associated behavioral disorders, the retinergic system may be chronically overactivated and the nitrergic system chronically underactivated due to environmental exposures occurring pre- and/or postnatally that affect retinoid metabolism or expression. For such individuals, the intensity of stimulation generated by SSB may be insufficient to activate the inhibitory nitrergic system. A multidisciplinary research program is needed to test the model and, in particular, to determine the extent to which applied physical treatments can activate the nitrergic system directly, providing the necessary level of intensity of sensory stimulation to substitute for that obtained in maladaptive and harmful ways by SSB, thereby reducing SSB and enhancing cognitive skills and performance.","PeriodicalId":14749,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Psychiatry","volume":"2012 ","pages":"589792"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3671718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31595116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Eysenck's Two Big Personality Factors and Their Relationship to Depression in Patients with Chronic Idiopathic Pain Disorder: A Clinimetric Validation Analysis. 艾森克两大人格因素及其与慢性特发性疼痛障碍患者抑郁的关系:临床验证分析。

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-09-04 Print Date: 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.5402/2012/140458

Per Bech, Marianne Lunde, Stine Bjerrum Møller

{"title":"Eysenck's Two Big Personality Factors and Their Relationship to Depression in Patients with Chronic Idiopathic Pain Disorder: A Clinimetric Validation Analysis.","authors":"Per Bech, Marianne Lunde, Stine Bjerrum Møller","doi":"10.5402/2012/140458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/140458","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The clinimetric aspects of Eysenck's two big personality factors (neuroticism and extraversion) were originally identified by principal component analysis but have been insufficiently analysed with item response theory models. Their relationship to states of melancholia and anxiety was subsequently analysed. Method. Patients with chronic idiopathic pain disorder were included in the study. The nonparametric item response model (Mokken) was compared to the coefficient alpha to validate the anxiety and depression subscales within the neuroticism scale and the extraversion and introversion subscales within the extraversion scale. When measuring states of depression and anxiety, the Melancholia Scale and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale were used. Results. We identified acceptable subscales of anxiety and depression in the Eysenck factor of neuroticism and extraversion versus introversion subscales within the Eysenck factor of extraversion. Focusing on the item of \"Does your mood often go up and down?\" we showed a statistically significant association with melancholia and anxiety for patients with a positive score on this item. Conclusion. Within the Eysenck factor of neuroticism it is important to differentiate between the anxiety and depression subscales. The clinimetric analysis of the Eysenck factor of extraversion identified valid subscales.","PeriodicalId":14749,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Psychiatry","volume":"2012 ","pages":"140458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2012/140458","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31483454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Psychiatric discharge process. 精神病出院程序。

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-09-04 Print Date: 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.5402/2012/638943

Hamzah M Alghzawi

{"title":"Psychiatric discharge process.","authors":"Hamzah M Alghzawi","doi":"10.5402/2012/638943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/638943","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Integration of research evidence into clinical nursing practice is essential for the delivery of high-quality nursing care. Discharge planning is an essential process in psychiatric nursing field, in order to prevent recurrent readmission to psychiatric units. Objective. The purpose of this paper is to perform literature overview on psychiatric discharge planning, in order to develop evidence-based practice guideline of psychiatric discharge plan. Methods. A search of electronic databases was conducted. The search process aimed to locate different levels of evidence. Inclusion criteria were studies including outcomes related to prevention of readmission as stability in the community, studies investigating the discharge planning process in acute psychiatric wards, and studies that included factors that impede discharge planning and factors that aid timely discharge. On the other hand, exclusion criteria were studies in which discharge planning was discussed as part of a multi faceted intervention and was not the main focus of the review. Result. Studies met inclusion criteria were mainly literature reviews, consensus statements, and descriptive studies. All of these studies are considered at the lower levels of evidence. Conclusion. This review demonstrated that discharge planning based on general principles (evidence based principles) should be applied during psychiatric discharge planning to make this discharge more effective. Depending on this review, it could be concluded that effective discharge planning includes main three stages; initial discharge meeting, regular discharge meeting(s), and leaving from hospital and discharge day. Each stage of them has requirements should be accomplished be go to the next stage.","PeriodicalId":14749,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Psychiatry","volume":"2012 ","pages":"638943"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2012/638943","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31595117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Religiousness, health, and depression in older adults from a brazilian military setting. 巴西军事背景下老年人的宗教信仰、健康和抑郁

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-08-09 Print Date: 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.5402/2012/940747

Giancarlo Lucchetti, Alessandra L G Lucchetti, Mario F P Peres, Alexander Moreira-Almeida, Harold G Koenig

引用次数: 14

T-817MA, but Not Haloperidol and Risperidone, Restores Parvalbumin-Positive γ -Aminobutyric Acid Neurons in the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus of Rats Transiently Exposed to MK-801 at the Neonatal Period. T-817MA，而不是氟哌啶醇和利培酮，可以恢复新生期短暂暴露于MK-801的大鼠前额皮质和海马中的parvalbumin阳性γ -氨基丁酸神经元。

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-07-08 Print Date: 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.5402/2012/947149

Takashi Uehara, Tomiki Sumiyoshi, Tomonori Seo, Tadasu Matsuoka, Hiroko Itoh, Masayoshi Kurachi

{"title":"T-817MA, but Not Haloperidol and Risperidone, Restores Parvalbumin-Positive γ -Aminobutyric Acid Neurons in the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus of Rats Transiently Exposed to MK-801 at the Neonatal Period.","authors":"Takashi Uehara, Tomiki Sumiyoshi, Tomonori Seo, Tadasu Matsuoka, Hiroko Itoh, Masayoshi Kurachi","doi":"10.5402/2012/947149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/947149","url":null,"abstract":"The number of parvalbumin (PV)-positive γ -aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons is decreased in the brain of rats transiently exposed to MK-801, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker, in the neonatal stage (Uehara et al. (2012)). T-817MA [1-{3-[2-(1-benzothiophen-5-yl)ethoxy]propyl} azetidin-3-ol maleate] is a neuroprotective agent synthesized for the treatment of psychiatric disorders characterized by cognitive disturbances, such as dementia. We herein sought to determine whether T-817MA, haloperidol (HPD), or risperidone (RPD) would ameliorate the decrease in the number of PV-positive GABA neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus of the model animals. Rats were treated with MK-801 (0.2 mg/kg/day) or vehicle on postnatal days (PD) 7-10, and the number of PV-positive neurons in the mPFC and hippocampus were measured on PDs 63. T-817MA (20 mg/kg), HPD (1 mg/kg), or RPD (1 mg/kg) were administered during PDs 49-62. Fourteen-day administration of T-817MA reversed the decrease in the number of PV-positive neurons in the above brain regions of rats given MK-801, whereas HPD and RPD were ineffective. These results indicate that T-817MA provides a novel pharmacologic strategy to enhance cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia.","PeriodicalId":14749,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Psychiatry","volume":"2012 ","pages":"947149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2012/947149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31483836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

The Influence of Coinfection on Mood States in HTLV-1-Infected Patients. 合并感染对htlv -1感染患者情绪状态的影响。

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-07-01 Print Date: 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.5402/2012/325864

Maria Rita Polo Gascón, Claudio Garcia Capitão, Maria Cezira Fantini Nogueira-Martins, Jorge Casseb, Augusto Cesar Penalva Oliveira

引用次数: 2

Mental fatigue and cognitive impairment after an almost neurological recovered stroke. 神经功能几乎恢复的中风后的精神疲劳和认知障碍。

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-06-25 Print Date: 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.5402/2012/686425

Birgitta Johansson, Lars Rönnbäck

{"title":"Mental fatigue and cognitive impairment after an almost neurological recovered stroke.","authors":"Birgitta Johansson, Lars Rönnbäck","doi":"10.5402/2012/686425","DOIUrl":"10.5402/2012/686425","url":null,"abstract":"Mental fatigue is for many a distressing and long-term problem after stroke. This mental fatigue will make it more difficult for the person to return to work and previous activities. The intention with this study is to investigate mental fatigue in relation to depression and cognitive functions. We examined 24 well-rehabilitated stroke subjects, who suffered from mental fatigue one year or more after a stroke, and 24 healthy controls. Subjects were examined using self-assessment scales for mental fatigue, depression and anxiety, and cognitive tests. The results showed a highly increased rating for mental fatigue for the stroke group (P < 0.001). These participants also had a significantly higher rating on the depression (P < 0.001) and anxiety (P < 0.001) scales. Furthermore, they had a slower information processing speed (P < 0.001) and made more errors in a demanding attention and speed test (P < 0.05). Among the cognitive tests, processing speed and errors made in an attention and speed test were significant predictors for mental fatigue. We suggest mental fatigue following a stroke to be related to cognitive impairments, primarily information processing speed. Mental fatigue should also be treated as a separate phenomenon and should be differentiated from, and not confused with, depression, even if overlapping symptoms exist.","PeriodicalId":14749,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Psychiatry","volume":"2012 ","pages":"686425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3658493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31482836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coping styles in patients with anxiety and depression. 焦虑和抑郁患者的应对方式。

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-06-18 Print Date: 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.5402/2012/128672

Pashtoon Murtaza Kasi, Haider Ali Naqvi, Abaseen Khan Afghan, Talha Khawar, Farooq Hasan Khan, Umber Zaheer Khan, Urooj Bakht Khuwaja, Jawad Kiani, Hadi Mohammad Khan

{"title":"Coping styles in patients with anxiety and depression.","authors":"Pashtoon Murtaza Kasi, Haider Ali Naqvi, Abaseen Khan Afghan, Talha Khawar, Farooq Hasan Khan, Umber Zaheer Khan, Urooj Bakht Khuwaja, Jawad Kiani, Hadi Mohammad Khan","doi":"10.5402/2012/128672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/128672","url":null,"abstract":"Different individuals use different coping styles to cope with their problems. In patients with anxiety and/or depression, these have important implications. The primary objective of our study was to estimate the frequency of different coping mechanisms used by patients with symptoms of anxiety and depression. A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted and patients with symptoms of anxiety and depression were identified using the Aga Khan University's Anxiety and Depression Scale (AKUADS). Coping styles were determined by using the 28-item Brief COPE inventory. We were able to recruit 162 people. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was found to be 34%. Females were more than 2 times likely to have anxiety and depression (P value = 0.024, OR = 2.62). In patients screening positive for AKUADS, \"religion\" was the most common coping mechanism identified. \"Acceptance\", \"Use of instrumental support\", and \"Active coping\" were other commonly used coping styles. Our findings suggest that religious coping is a common behavior in patients presenting with symptoms anxiety and depression in Pakistan. Knowledge of these coping styles is important in the care of such patients, as these coping methods can be identified and to some extent modified by the treating clinician/psychiatrist.","PeriodicalId":14749,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Psychiatry","volume":"2012 ","pages":"128672"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2012/128672","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31483453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 81

Validation of Yoruba Version of Family Burden Interview Schedule (Y-FBIS) on Caregivers of Schizophrenia Patients. 约鲁巴版家庭负担访谈表对精神分裂症患者照护者的验证。

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-06-10 Print Date: 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.5402/2012/165179

Victor Olufolahan Lasebikan

{"title":"Validation of Yoruba Version of Family Burden Interview Schedule (Y-FBIS) on Caregivers of Schizophrenia Patients.","authors":"Victor Olufolahan Lasebikan","doi":"10.5402/2012/165179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/165179","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To validate the Yoruba version of Family Burden Interview Schedule (Y-FBIS) for assessing the burden on caregivers of persons with schizophrenia. Methods. Three hundred and sixty-eight dyads of persons with schizophrenia and their caregivers were recruited from a psychiatric outpatient clinic. The (Y-FBIS) and the Yoruba version of the GHQ-12 (Y-GHQ-12) were applied to the caregivers. Patients' level of social functioning was assessed using the Global Assessment of Functioning scale. Results. All (368) caregivers were used for tests of internal consistency, 180 for interrater reliability, and another 180 for test-retest reliability. Internal consistency of the Y-FBIS was demonstrated by a significant Cronbach α of between 0.62 and 0.82 for each item. Concurrent validity of the Y-FBIS was illustrated by its significant positive correlation with Y-GHQ-12 (r = 0.633 , P < 0.01). Split-half reliability was 0.849. Intraclass correlation coefficient for the total score of Y-FBIS was 0.849 at 95% confidence interval. Test-retest reliability of individual scales ranged from 0.780 to 0.874 and was 0.830 for total objective scale score. Convergent validity was shown by the significant positive correlation (r = 0.83) between the objective burden score and subjective burden score of Y-FBIS. ROC curve area was 0.981. Conclusion. The Y-FBIS is a valid, reliable, and sensitive instrument for assessing the burden on caregivers of persons with schizophrenia in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":14749,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Psychiatry","volume":"2012 ","pages":"165179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2012/165179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31483455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Synergistic Effect between Maternal Infection and Adolescent Cannabinoid Exposure on Serotonin 5HT1A Receptor Binding in the Hippocampus: Testing the "Two Hit" Hypothesis for the Development of Schizophrenia. 母体感染和青少年大麻素暴露对海马5 -羟色胺5HT1A受体结合的协同作用:检验精神分裂症发展的“两次打击”假说

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-06-07 Print Date: 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.5402/2012/451865

Victoria S Dalton, Mathieu Verdurand, Adam Walker, Deborah M Hodgson, Katerina Zavitsanou

{"title":"Synergistic Effect between Maternal Infection and Adolescent Cannabinoid Exposure on Serotonin 5HT1A Receptor Binding in the Hippocampus: Testing the \"Two Hit\" Hypothesis for the Development of Schizophrenia.","authors":"Victoria S Dalton, Mathieu Verdurand, Adam Walker, Deborah M Hodgson, Katerina Zavitsanou","doi":"10.5402/2012/451865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/451865","url":null,"abstract":"Infections during pregnancy and adolescent cannabis use have both been identified as environmental risk factors for schizophrenia. We combined these factors in an animal model and looked at their effects, alone and in combination, on serotonin 5HT1A receptor binding (5HT1AR) binding longitudinally from late adolescence to adulthood. Pregnant rats were exposed to the viral mimic poly I:C on embryonic day 15. Adolescent offspring received daily injections of the cannabinoid HU210 for 14 days starting on postnatal day (PND) 35. Hippocampal and cortical 5HT1AR binding was quantified autoradiographically using [(3)H]8-OH-DPAT, in late adolescent (PND 55), young adult (PND 65) and adult (PND 90) rats. Descendants of poly I:C treated rats showed significant increases of 15-18% in 5HT1AR in the hippocampus (CA1) compared to controls at all developmental ages. Offspring of poly I:C treated rats exposed to HU210 during adolescence exhibited even greater elevations in 5HT1AR (with increases of 44, 29, and 39% at PNDs 55, 65, and 90). No effect of HU210 alone was observed. Our results suggest a synergistic effect of prenatal infection and adolescent cannabinoid exposure on the integrity of the serotoninergic system in the hippocampus that may provide the neurochemical substrate for abnormal hippocampal-related functions relevant to schizophrenia.","PeriodicalId":14749,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Psychiatry","volume":"2012 ","pages":"451865"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2012/451865","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31482831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 37