ISRN Psychiatry最新文献_第5页

The effect of self-transcendence on depression in cognitively intact nursing home patients. 自我超越对认知能力完好的疗养院病人抑郁症的影响。

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-06-03 Print Date: 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.5402/2012/301325

Gørill Haugan, Siw Tone Innstrand

{"title":"The effect of self-transcendence on depression in cognitively intact nursing home patients.","authors":"Gørill Haugan, Siw Tone Innstrand","doi":"10.5402/2012/301325","DOIUrl":"10.5402/2012/301325","url":null,"abstract":"Aims. This study's aim was to test the effects of self-transcendence on depression among cognitively intact nursing home patients. Background. Depression is considered the most frequent mental disorder among the elderly population. Specifically, the depression rate among nursing home patients is three to four times higher than that among community-dwelling elderly. Therefore, finding new and alternative ways to prevent and decrease depression is of great importance for nursing home patients' well-being. Self-transcendence is related to spiritual as well as nonspiritual factors, and it is described as a correlate and resource for well-being among vulnerable populations and at the end of life. Methods. A two-factor construct of the self-transcendence scale (interpersonal and intrapersonal) and the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) was applied. A sample of 202 cognitively intact nursing home patients in central Norway was selected to respond to the questionnaires in 2008/2009. Results. A hypothesized SEM model demonstrated significant direct relationships and total effects of self-transcendence on depression. Conclusion and Implication for Practice. Facilitating patients' self-transcendence, both interpersonally and intrapersonally, might decrease depression among cognitively intact nursing home patients.","PeriodicalId":14749,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Psychiatry","volume":"2012 ","pages":"301325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3658806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31483458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clozapine augments delta, theta, and right frontal EEG alpha power in schizophrenic patients. 氯氮平增加精神分裂症患者的δ、θ和右额叶脑电图α功率。

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-05-10 Print Date: 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.5402/2012/596486

D Maccrimmon, D Brunet, M Criollo, H Galin, J S Lawson

{"title":"Clozapine augments delta, theta, and right frontal EEG alpha power in schizophrenic patients.","authors":"D Maccrimmon, D Brunet, M Criollo, H Galin, J S Lawson","doi":"10.5402/2012/596486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/596486","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To explore the Quantitative EEG (QEEG) effects of established clozapine therapy regimes compared to those of previous ineffective antipsychotic regimes among 64 chronic (DSM-IV) schizophrenic patients. Methods. Data from 20 EEG channels referenced to linked ears were collected before and during maintenance clozapine therapy (mean duration 1.4 years). Absolute power was calculated in six frequency bands: delta (0.4-3.6 Hz), theta (4.2-7.8 Hz), alpha (8.2-11.8 Hz), beta1 (12.2-15.8 Hz), beta2 (16.2-19.8 Hz), and beta3 (20.2-23.8 Hz). Results. Clozapine augments power globally in the delta and theta bands, but this effect is more pronounced over frontal areas. Beta3 power was reduced. Alpha showed a frontal increase, more pronounced in the right, coupled with a posterior decrease with no net change in overall power. Conclusion. The demonstration of a significant clozapine-induced alpha topographic shift frontally and to the right is a novel discovery that may serve to encourage further investigations of subcortical structures in attempts to better understand the diverse aetiologies and optimal treatments of the schizophrenias.","PeriodicalId":14749,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Psychiatry","volume":"2012 ","pages":"596486"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2012/596486","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31482834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

The autoimmune model of schizophrenia. 精神分裂症的自身免疫模型

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-04-30 Print Date: 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.5402/2012/758072

D D Adams, J G Knight, A Ebringer

{"title":"The autoimmune model of schizophrenia.","authors":"D D Adams, J G Knight, A Ebringer","doi":"10.5402/2012/758072","DOIUrl":"10.5402/2012/758072","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia is of mysterious causation. It is not infectious, not congenital, but shows familial aggregation, the Mendelian genetics indicating involvement of multiple codominant genes with incomplete penetrance. This is the pattern for autoimmune diseases, such as Graves' disease of the thyroid, where forbidden clones of B lymphocytes develop, and cause thyrotoxicosis by secreting autoantibodies that react with the thyroid gland's receptor for thyroid-stimulating hormone from the pituitary gland. In 1982, Knight postulated that autoantibodies affecting the function of neurons in the limbic region of the brain are a possible cause of schizophrenia. Today, this is even more probable, with genes predisposing to schizophrenia having being found to be immune response genes, one in the MHC and two for antibody light chain V genes. Immune response genes govern the immune repertoire, dictating the genetic risk of autoimmune diseases. The simplest test for an autoimmune basis of schizophrenia would be trial of immunosuppression with prednisone in acute cases. The urgent research need is to find the microbial trigger, as done by Ebringer for rheumatoid arthritis and for ankylosing spondylitis. This could lead to prophylaxis of schizophrenia by vaccination against the triggering microbe.","PeriodicalId":14749,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Psychiatry","volume":"2012 ","pages":"758072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2012/758072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31483832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Emerging psychosis and the family. 新发精神病和家庭。

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-04-23 Print Date: 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.5402/2012/219642

Martin Hambrecht

{"title":"Emerging psychosis and the family.","authors":"Martin Hambrecht","doi":"10.5402/2012/219642","DOIUrl":"10.5402/2012/219642","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenias hold a special position among psychotic disorders. Schizophrenias often start in early adulthood and bear considerable psychosocial risks and consequences. Several years of nonpsychotic clinical signs and symptoms and growing distress for patient and significant others may pass by before definite diagnosis. Young males in particular often experience their first episode while still living in their primary families. Thus, the whole family system is involved. In worldwide initiatives on early detection and early intervention, near-psychotic prodromal symptoms as well as deficits of thought and perception, observable by the affected person himself, were found to be particularly predictive of psychosis. Various psychological and social barriers as well as ones inherent to the disease impede access to affected persons. Building trust and therapeutic alliance are extremely important for counseling, diagnostics, and therapy. The indication for strategies of intervention differs from the early to the late prodromal stage, depending on proximity to psychosis. For psychotherapy versus pharmacotherapy, the first evidence of effectiveness has been provided. A false-positive referral to treatment and other ethical concerns must be weighed against the risks of delayed treatment.","PeriodicalId":14749,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Psychiatry","volume":"2012 ","pages":"219642"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2012/219642","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31483457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Monoamine oxidase a and B gene polymorphisms and negative and positive symptoms in schizophrenia. 单胺氧化酶a和B基因多态性与精神分裂症的阴性和阳性症状

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-04-19 Print Date: 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.5402/2012/852949

Beatriz Camarena, Ana Fresán, Alejandro Aguilar, Raúl Escamilla, Ricardo Saracco, Jorge Palacios, Alfonso Tovilla, Humberto Nicolini

{"title":"Monoamine oxidase a and B gene polymorphisms and negative and positive symptoms in schizophrenia.","authors":"Beatriz Camarena, Ana Fresán, Alejandro Aguilar, Raúl Escamilla, Ricardo Saracco, Jorge Palacios, Alfonso Tovilla, Humberto Nicolini","doi":"10.5402/2012/852949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/852949","url":null,"abstract":"Given that schizophrenia is a heterogeneous disorder, the analysis of clinical characteristics could help to identify homogeneous phenotypes that may be of relevance in genetic studies. Linkage and association studies have suggested that a locus predisposing to schizophrenia may reside within Xp11. We analyzed uVNTR and rs1137070, polymorphisms from MAOA and rs1799836 of MAOB genes to perform single SNP case-control association study in a sample of 344 schizophrenia patients and 124 control subjects. Single polymorphism analysis of uVNTR, rs1137070 and rs1799836 SNPs did not show statistical differences between cases and controls. Multivariate ANOVA analysis of clinical characteristics showed statistical differences between MAOB/rs1799836 and affective flattening scores (F = 4.852, P = 0.009), and significant association between MAOA/uVNTR and affective flattening in female schizophrenia patients (F = 4.236, P = 0.016) after Bonferroni's correction. Our preliminary findings could suggest that severity of affective flattening may be associated by modifier variants of MAOA and MAOB genes in female Mexican patients with schizophrenia. However, further large-scale studies using quantitative symptom-based phenotypes and several candidate variants should be analyzed to obtain a final conclusion.","PeriodicalId":14749,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Psychiatry","volume":"2012 ","pages":"852949"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2012/852949","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31483834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Psychological symptoms in patients with injury-related chronic pain. 损伤性慢性疼痛患者的心理症状

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-03-15 Print Date: 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.5402/2012/196069

Britt-Marie Stålnacke

引用次数: 5

Evaluation of efficacy, safety, and cognitive profile of amisulpride per se and its comparison with olanzapine in newly diagnosed schizophrenic patients in an 8-week, double-blind, single-centre, prospective clinical trial. 在一项为期8周的双盲、单中心、前瞻性临床试验中，评估氨硫pride本身对新诊断的精神分裂症患者的疗效、安全性和认知特征及其与奥氮平的比较。

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-03-14 Print Date: 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.5402/2012/703751

Ganesh R Pawar, P Phadnis, A Paliwal

{"title":"Evaluation of efficacy, safety, and cognitive profile of amisulpride per se and its comparison with olanzapine in newly diagnosed schizophrenic patients in an 8-week, double-blind, single-centre, prospective clinical trial.","authors":"Ganesh R Pawar, P Phadnis, A Paliwal","doi":"10.5402/2012/703751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/703751","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Impaired cognitive functions in schizophrenia are the major deciding factors in response to treatment. Conventional antipsychotics have minimal impact on cognitive dysfunctions and are associated with adverse effects. Atypical antipsychotics have shown promise in treatment of cognitive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Efforts are underway to find out the best drug amongst atypical antipsychotics. Objective. To compare efficacy, safety, and cognitive profile of amisulpride and olanzapine in the treatment of acute psychotic exacerbations of schizophrenia. Method. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, single-center, 8-week clinical trial we used. Subjects and Treatments. Seventy four patients were treated for two months with either amisulpride (400-800 mg/d) or olanzapine (10-20 mg/d). Statistics. Mann Whitney U test we used for independent samples with P < 0.05 taken as significant. Results. Brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) was used as a primary measure of efficacy. Other measures of efficacy and safety were also evaluated. Both amisulpride and olanzapine groups showed equivalent improvement in psychotic symptoms on BPRS scale. Less than five percent of patients suffered adverse effects only to withdraw from the study. Olanzapine group showed statistically significant (P < 0.05) weight gain compared with amisulpride group. Amisulpride group showed significant improvement (P < 0.05) in various cognitive parameters as compared to olanzapine group.","PeriodicalId":14749,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Psychiatry","volume":"2012 ","pages":"703751"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2012/703751","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31483831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Familial paraphilia: a pilot study with the construction of genograms. 家族性反性癖:一项基于基因图谱构建的初步研究。

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-03-04 Print Date: 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.5402/2012/692813

Alain Labelle, Dominique Bourget, John M W Bradford, Martin Alda, Pierre Tessier

引用次数: 15

Emotion processing in women with schizophrenia is menstrual cycle phase and affective valence dependent: an FMRI study. 女性精神分裂症患者的情绪加工是月经周期阶段和情感效价依赖的:一项FMRI研究。

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-03-01 Print Date: 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.5402/2012/656274

Adrianna Mendrek, Josiane Bourque, Annie Dubé, Nadia Lakis, Julie Champagne

{"title":"Emotion processing in women with schizophrenia is menstrual cycle phase and affective valence dependent: an FMRI study.","authors":"Adrianna Mendrek, Josiane Bourque, Annie Dubé, Nadia Lakis, Julie Champagne","doi":"10.5402/2012/656274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/656274","url":null,"abstract":"Despite a large number of functional neuroimaging investigations of emotion processing in schizophrenia, very few have included women. In the present study 21 schizophrenia and 23 healthy women underwent functional MRI (3T) on two occasions (during the follicular and luteal phase of their menstrual cycle) while viewing blocks of emotionally negative, positive and neutral images. During exposure to negatively charged images patients showed relatively less activations than controls during the luteal phase, but no between-group differences were observed during the follicular phase. In contrast, the exposure to positively valenced material produced no significant interaction, but the main effect of group; schizophrenia patients exhibited less activation than healthy controls during both phases of the menstrual cycle. This is the first study demonstrating that atypical neural activations associated with emotion processing in women diagnosed with schizophrenia depend on the menstrual cycle phase and on the affective valence of presented stimuli.","PeriodicalId":14749,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Psychiatry","volume":"2012 ","pages":"656274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2012/656274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31482835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Wellness centre: an evidence-guided approach to delivering culturally relevant community psychogeriatric services for chinese elders. 健康中心:循证方法为中国老年人提供与文化相关的社区老年心理服务。

ISRN Psychiatry Pub Date : 2012-03-01 Print Date: 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.5402/2012/815707

Kar C Chan, Joel Sadavoy

{"title":"Wellness centre: an evidence-guided approach to delivering culturally relevant community psychogeriatric services for chinese elders.","authors":"Kar C Chan, Joel Sadavoy","doi":"10.5402/2012/815707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/815707","url":null,"abstract":"Ethnic elders are commonly reluctant to access mental health services and their mental health problems are often overlooked and detected late in the course of illness. Prior studies identified major barriers to ethnic seniors accessing appropriate mental health care demonstrating that language and cultural beliefs cannot be ignored if effective mental health services are to be provided to patients from diverse cultural groups. These are particularly important when care is needed by less acculturated immigrant ethnic seniors for whom language barriers are often greatest. Differences in conceptions of mental distress affect ethnic seniors' choice of help-seeking and often discourage or divert aged persons from utilizing mainstream conventional psychiatric care. Despite the extensive need for appropriate service models for ethnic populations, there have been limited data and models to illustrate how these programs can be systematically and effectively integrated within the mainstream mental health service framework. This paper describes an innovative, mainstream, community-based psychogeriatric service delivery model developed for Chinese seniors in Toronto, Canada, aiming at improving their access to care and enhancing earlier mental health problem detection. The important concepts and strategies of designing and operating a culturally acceptable program are illustrated supported by program data and the challenges analyzed.","PeriodicalId":14749,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Psychiatry","volume":"2012 ","pages":"815707"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2012/815707","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31596025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1