Iranian Journal of Parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Occurrence of <i>Trypanosoma evansi</i> Infection in Rottweiler Dog from Cauvery Delta Region of Tamil Nadu, India: A Case Report.","authors":"Velusamy Rangasamy, Latchumikanthan Annamalai, Vijayasarathi Matheri Kanniappan, Saravanan Mani, Babu Prasath Natarajan, Prabu Ponnachipudur Chinnaswamy, Alagesan Alagarsamy","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i3.16398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v19i3.16398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trypanosomes are the extraerythrocytic haemoflagellate protozoan parasites of domestic and wild animals including dogs. A male Rottweiler dog was presented with the history of anorexia, cloudy eyes and vomiting for a week. The dog was examined both physically and clinically. Blood was collected and subjected to haematological and biochemical analysis. Echocardiography of the thoracic cavity and ultrasonography of the abdominal cavity were performed. Molecular confirmation of parasite was carried out by PCR and DNA was sequenced to identify strain variations. Upon clinical examination, the dog revealed emaciation with high fever, unilateral corneal opacity, anemia, enlarged lymph nodes and distended abdomen. Echocardiography of the thoracic cavity showed ventricular hypertrophy and cardiomyopathy. Ultrasonography of the abdominal cavity showed splenomegaly and renomegaly. Haematological findings revealed decreased haemoglobin and erythrocyte count and biochemical findings revealed increased BUN and creatinine, hypoglycemia and hypoalbuminemia. Wet film and blood smear examination revealed actively motile trypanosomes and massive infection of trypanosomes, respectively. Molecular confirmation of species was carried out by amplification of 227 bp partial VSG gene of <i>Trypanososma evansi</i>, subsequently sequenced and phylogenitically analysed. The infected dog was treated intramuscularly with diminazene aceturate @ 3.5 mg/kg b.wt along with the supportive therapy. The study described the occurrence and diagnosis of trypanosomosis in dog. Early diagnosis and timely treatment is the most reliable way to safeguard the companion animals. It is the first report on trypanosomosis in dog from Cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu, India.</p>","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 3","pages":"370-375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142346885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"12th National and 5th International Congress of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases of Iran (NICOPA XII), Karaj, Iran 2024.","authors":"Mohammad Zibaei, Aliehsan Heidari","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i3.16400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v19i3.16400","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 3","pages":"379-383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142346876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence and Environmental Factors Associated with <i>Cryptosporidium</i> in South-Eastern Iran.","authors":"Reza Shahraki, Mahdi Rezaei, Mansour Dabirzadeh","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i3.16399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v19i3.16399","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 3","pages":"376-378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142346884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PUF Proteins as Critical RNA-Binding Proteins in TriTryp Parasites: A Review Article.","authors":"Tahereh Taheri, Elaheh Davarpanah, Katayon Samimi-Rad, Negar Seyed","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i3.16386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v19i3.16386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In eukaryotes, translation is a fundamental step in the long pathway of protein synthesis within the cell. In this process, several proteins and factors have involved directly or indirectly, individually or in association with other elements to contact mRNA. For perfect translation, many essential modifications should be done, such as cis-splicing to remove introns and two main events for capping and poly A polymerization in 5' and 3' end of mRNA, respectively. Gene expression is then regulated at both translation and stability of the target mRNA molecule levels. Pumilio/FBFs (PUFs) are the main group of RNA-binding proteins which bind to the 3'-UTR of target RNA and thereby regulate the fate, stability and subcellular localization of mRNAs and adjust the translated protein level. PUF proteins have been found both in nucleus where that bind to precursor mRNA, for processing and maturation of rRNA, and in cytoplasm where that bind to mRNA, stall the ribosomes, suppress the translation and localization of the mRNA. They can regulate the expression of mRNAs through activation or suppression of translation. Therefore, these proteins have recently garnered much attention as new generation of therapeutic targets against diseases such as cancer and neurological disorders. In comparison to other eukaryotes, trypanosomatids have a high number of PUF proteins, which function not only as gene expression regulatory factors but also in several biological processes such as differentiation and life-cycle progression of the cells. Here, we review the molecular and biological roles of known PUF proteins in TriTryp parasites (<i>Trypanosome brucei</i>, <i>T. cruzi</i> and <i>Leishmania</i>) beside some other parasites.</p>","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 3","pages":"278-289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142346886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Infection with the Nematode <i>Gongylonema</i> sp.: A Case Report from Bulgaria.","authors":"Dimitar Vuchev, Galya Popova, Maya Tomova","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i3.16397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v19i3.16397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a case of infection with the zoonotic nematode <i>Gongylonema</i> sp. in a 24-year-old woman from Varna, Bulgaria. Two days before seeking medical attention, the patient had noticed a filamentous mass in her buccal mucosa that migrated when touched with the tongue. She manually removed a thread-like worm from the mucosa near her lower lip. Albendazole was prescribed for three days. The patient had no history of travelling abroad or contact with animals. To our knowledge, this is the sixth case that has been reported in the country.</p>","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 3","pages":"366-369"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142346883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevalence of Infection with Gastrointestinal Helminths in Free-Range Poultry of Zabol, Iran.","authors":"Faezeh Sadeghi, Narges Lotfalizadeh, Javad Khedri, Hassan Borji","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i3.16392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v19i3.16392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As an ecological and ethical method employed for poultry farming, free-range chicken keeping is growing and is important in fostering rural farmers' livelihoods and community prosperity. This study aimed to determine the nature and prevalence of helminth infections in native poultry in Zabol, Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between 2022 and 2023, 160 chickens were acquired and slaughtered ethically, and then their gastrointestinal tracts were taken and formalin preserved in Zabol, Iran. The parasites were isolated from gastrointestinal mucus in the laboratory and characterized using a microscope and specific methods such as Acetocarmine staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 160 dissected birds, 92 (57.5%) were presented with gastrointestinal parasites, with 64 (40%) containing cestodes, 16 (10%) containing nematodes, and 12 (7.5%) infected by both. Observations were made of seven different species. <i>Ascaridia galli</i> (<i>A. galli</i>) (10%), <i>Subulura brumpti</i> (7.5%), and <i>Heterakis gallinarum</i> (3.12%) represent the three main nematode species. While <i>Raillietina tetragona (R. tetragona)</i> (33.12%) was the most prevalent cestode, <i>R. echinobothrida</i> (6.25%), <i>R. magninumida</i> (5%), and <i>Cotugnia digonopora</i> (3.12%) were less common.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study revealed that free-range chickens in the arid Zabol region had a high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites. There is a strong correlation between chicken foraging behavior and exposure to contaminated soil, with certain nematodes and cestodes constituting the most prevalent, negatively affecting bird growth, productivity, and health. Therefore, improving poultry welfare by applying parasite control measures and implementing appropriate management strategies is essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 3","pages":"325-332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142346888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i> Infection in Patients with Hyperlipidemia: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Mohammad Amin Sari, Paridokht Karimian, Eshrat Beigom Kia, Mehdi Mohebali, Amirhossin Aghakhani, Enayat Darabi, Zohre Fakhrieh-Kashan","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i3.16394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v19i3.16394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i> is one of the soil-transmitted helminths (STH) in tropical and subtropical regions. The role of lipid profile has been investigated in the survival of larval stages of helminths, but there is limited information about the role of lipid profiles and strongyloidiasis. Hence, we aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of <i>S. stercoralis</i> infection in patients with hyperlipidemia is compared with the nonhyperlipidemia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 2023, participants were selected from the laboratory of Porsina Hospital in Guilan Province, northern Iran and their lipid profiles including TG, CHOL, LDL, HDL, and VLDL were measured. They were divided into two groups of case and control and matched based on sex and age. <i>S. stercoralis</i> Ab (IgG) was measured by ELISA methods, using the NovaTec kit. Finally, statistical analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Each case and control group consisted of 105 participants, from 13 to 80 years old. 56.66% were female and 43.33% were male. The seroprevalence of <i>S. stercoralis</i> was found 4.76% in the case group compared to 0.95% in the control group. We found an association between TG fall and VLDL with seroprevalence of <i>S. stercoralis</i> in hyperlipidemia group (<i>P</i>= 0.034), but other lipid profiles did not show a significant association. A significant relationship was found between contact with dogs and seroprevalence of <i>S. stercoralis</i> (<i>P</i>=0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The seroprevalence of <i>S. stercoralis</i> in the case group was 5 times higher than the control group. A significant association between TG and VLDL fall with <i>S. stercoralis</i> Ab (IgG) was observed, but future studies with more sample sizes are suggested to investigate the anti-atherogenic effect of <i>S. stercoralis</i>. Also, a genetic assessment of <i>S. stercoralis</i> and the host (humane and dogs) is recommended to research zoonotic potential in epidemic areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 3","pages":"341-348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142346887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between <i>Toxocara</i> Spp. Exposure and Schizophrenia: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Keivan Sahebi, Pouriya Akbari, Fattaneh Mikaeili, Rasoul Alimi, Mohammad Saleh Bahreini, Aref Teimouri","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i2.15857","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i2.15857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Toxocariasis is a zoonotic disease caused by the larvae of <i>Toxocara canis</i> or <i>Toxocara cati</i>. Patients with schizophrenia may be at higher risk of infection, possibly due to their cognitive and personal self-care impairments. We aimed to assess the association between <i>Toxocara</i> spp. exposure and schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-control study was conducted on 109 patients with schizophrenia admitted to Ibn Sina Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, and 104 age- and gender-matched healthy controls from May to September 2021. A questionnaire was obtained and serum samples were tested for IgG antibodies to <i>Toxocara</i> excretory/secretory (TES) antigens using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anti-<i>Toxocara</i> IgG was detected in 12 schizophrenic patients and 10 control subjects, giving respective seroprevalences of 11.0% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]=5.8-18.4%) and 9.6% (95% CI=4.7-17.0%). Univariate logistic analyses estimated an odds ratio (OR) of 1.16 (95% CI=0.44-3.16); however, it was not statistically significant (<i>P=</i>0.915). Individuals with a history of eating unwashed vegetables or fruits (23.1%, 95% CI=9.0-43.6, crude odds ratio [COR]=3.21, 95% CI=1.13-9.13) and rural residency (19.5%, 95% CI=8.8-34.9, COR=2.74, 95% CI=1.06-7.05) had significantly higher rates of seropositivity using the univariate logistic analyses. After multivariate logistic analyses, the differences were not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The toxocariasis seroprevalence among schizophrenic and healthy participants was not significantly different (11% vs. 9.6%). Since the disease severity, onset, and cognitive sequelae are not the same among schizophrenic patients, clinically matched studies with larger samples are required to address the current inconsistency between the studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 2","pages":"214-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11246212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141619989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Study of <i>Leishmania</i> Species in Iran by Multilocus Sequence Typing.","authors":"Sara Nemati, Homa Hajjaran, Ali Khamesipour, Mohsen Falahati Anbaran, Hamed Mirjalali, Asghar Fazaeli","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i2.15853","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i2.15853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Leishmaniasis is an important public health parasitic infection, which is endemic in many parts of the world, including Iran. We aimed to investigate genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship among different <i>Leishmania</i> isolates using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Totally, 41 isolates collected either from patients referred to Leishmaniasis Diagnostics and Treatment Center at Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran or from animals during 2019-2021, were subjected to the study. They included <i>L. major</i> and <i>L. tropica</i> from human, <i>L. infantum</i> from canine, and <i>L. turanica</i> from rodents from different endemic foci of Iran analyzed using MLST including <i>gp63, g6pdh, lack, nagt,</i> and <i>hsp70</i> genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 5010 bps was analyzed from each isolate. The three targets, <i>nagt</i>, <i>lack</i>, and <i>g6pdh</i>, generated better topology comparing to the other genes. In the 44 isolates, 22 haplotypes (STs) were identified. <i>Leishmania tropica</i> contained the highest number of haplotypes (n=12) comparing to <i>L. major</i> (n=8), <i>L. infantum</i> (n=1) and <i>L. turanica</i> (n=1). All five genomic loci caused separation of Iranian <i>Leishmania</i> species at the species level, indicating conservation of these genes in the <i>Leishmania</i> parasite.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The highest number of haplotypes belonged to <i>L. tropica</i>, indicating that the genetic diversity of this species is higher than that of <i>L. major</i>. It was further confirmed that the MLST is a suitable method to examine genetic variation of <i>Leishmania</i> parasites with respect to evolutionary and epidemiological studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 2","pages":"171-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11246199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141619997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Mitochondrial <i>Cytb</i> Gene Region of Both <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> Eggs from Dogs and Cystic Echinococcosis Isolates Obtained from Sheep and Cattle by Molecular Methods.","authors":"Rahmi Yildiz, Selahattin Aydemir, Ahmet Galip Halidi, Ahmet Hakan Unlu, Hasan Yilmaz","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i2.15860","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i2.15860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We aimed to determine the common <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> genotypes in Ağrı, Türkiye and to obtain information on the transmission of this parasite.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cystic echinococcosis samples from 100 slaughtered cattle and 100 slaughtered sheep and faecal samples from 200 stray dogs were included in 2021. Collected cyst fluid samples and faces were examined microscopically. DNA was isolated from the germinal membrane of the cysts and from the parasite eggs in the stool samples. The mitochondrial <i>cytb</i> gene region of the parasite was amplified by PCR. Genotypes were determined using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) after sequence analysis of PCR amplicons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest percentage of cysts was found in the lungs of sheep and the liver of cattle. In addition, 75% of sheep cysts and 25.6% of cattle cysts were fertile. Taenia spp./<i>Echinococcus</i> spp. eggs were found in 6% of the faeces of 200 dogs examined microscopically. <i>E. granulosus</i> eggs were detected in 4 out of 50 stool samples analysed by PCR. All samples analysed by sequence analysis were identified as <i>E. granulosus</i> s.s. G1 genotype. Sequence comparison revealed revealed one or more-point mutations in different regions of the five samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>E. granulosus</i> s.s. G1 genotype, known as sheep strain, is common in the Ağrı, Türkiye. The controlled slaughter of livestock, especially sheep, and the avoidance of feeding hydatid cyst organs to dogs, together with public education, were necessary to prevent the spread of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 2","pages":"247-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11246202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141619998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}