Iranian Journal of Parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Molecular Tracking of <i>Leishmania major</i> in an Archived <i>Rattus norvegicus</i> Spleen Sample in Iran: A Case Report.","authors":"Mahya Allahmoradi, Faezeh Najafi, Mona Koosha, Elham Kazemirad, Alireza Latifi, Saied Reza Naddaf, Hamed Mirjalali, Mehdi Mohebali, Homa Hajjaran, Domenico Otranto, Gholamreza Mowlavi","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17172","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rodents are the primary reservoir hosts for zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) caused by <i>Leishmania major</i>. Knowing reservoir hosts is crucial for leishmaniasis surveillance and control programs in endemic areas. In this study, we examined an archived spleen of <i>Rattus norvegicus</i> obtained during a pest control program in 2000 in Tehran, the capital of Iran. The sample was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing to determine the presence of Trypanosomatidae based on the internal transcribed spacer (<i>ITS</i>) 1 gene. Amplification and sequencing of the discriminative region of the <i>ITS1</i> gene followed by BLAST analysis showed the highest similarity with <i>L. major</i> isolates. Also, the phylogenetic analysis revealed that our sample was grouped with <i>L. major</i> isolates retrieved from the GenBank database. This finding might support the claim that <i>R. norvegicus</i> acts as a potential reservoir host for <i>L. major</i>. Further studies, including a survey on more rodent samples as well as studying sandflies in the area, might uncover the possible presence of such pathobiological conditions in ZCL transmission in urban and suburban settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 4","pages":"496-501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a 70 kDa Excreted/Secreted Coproantigen Immunoassay for the Detection of <i>Toxocara canis</i> in Dogs.","authors":"Ana Cristina González-Morales, Zinnia Judith Molina-Garza, Ricardo Gomez-Flores, Juan José Zárate-Ramos, Lucio Galaviz-Silva","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17162","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We aimed to develop a sandwich ELISA, using polyclonal antibodies against excretory/secretory (E/S) antigens specific to coproantigens present in <i>Toxocara canis</i>-positive dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Antibodies were produced at Biological Sciences School, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, <i>México</i> in 2023 by immunization of rabbits with antigenic extracts from in vitro cultures of <i>T. canis</i> larvae. Assays were performed on 100 stool samples from pet dogs, measuring sensitivity, specificity, and cross-reactivity against other parasitic infections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High values of sensitivity (100%), specificity (90.9%), and positive (93.47%) and negative (95.45%) predictive values were obtained, respectively. We obtained an E/S protein with a molecular weight of 70 kDa, which showed high sensitivity and specificity by ELISA, but it presented cross-reactivity against <i>Ancylostoma caninum</i> and <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Additional studies are necessary to increase the specificity percentage since this assay demonstrated significant potential as a useful and inexpensive diagnostic tool for immunodiagnostic in dog feces.</p>","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 4","pages":"418-427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Properties of Compounds Citral and Geraniol on <i>Trichomonas gallinae</i>: Activity in Vitro and Cytotoxicity.","authors":"Bruna Baccega, Juliana Montelli Fenalti, Alexia Brauner de Mello, Yan Wahast Islabão, Paloma T Birmann, Alessandra Neis, Marjorie de Giacometi, Francielle Liz Monteiro, Silvia de Oliveira Hubner, Rodrigo de Almeida Vaucher, Nara Amélia da Rosa Farias, Roghayeh Norouzi, Abolghasem Siyadatpanah, Camila Belmonte Oliveira","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17164","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Avian trichomoniasis is an important disease that causes bird mortality, both wild and captive, around the world. This study evaluated the in vitro cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and antiparasitic activity of citral (3.7-Dimetil-2.6-octadienal) and geraniol (trans-3.7-Dimetil-2.6-octadien-1-ol) against <i>Trichomonas gallinae</i> trophozoites.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In vitro assays were conducted at the Laboratory of Protozoology and Entomology (LAPEN) at the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Brazil in 2019 using tests with 10⁶ parasites and citral and geraniol at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 μM and four controls: NC (culture medium and trophozoites), MTZ (trophozoites plus 100 μM of metronidazole), and TW (trophozoites plus vehicles used for solubilizing derivatives (0.01% Tween).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The citral (60 μM) and geraniol (50 μM) concentrations reduced the trophozoites's viability by 100%. The molecular docking experiment demonstrated that citral and geraniol might inhibit a hydrogen enzyme for <i>T. gallinae</i> survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The major compounds of lemongrass have potential antitrichomonal activity against <i>T. gallinae</i> in vitro.</p>","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 4","pages":"440-447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response Comment on \"A New Immunogenic Structure of Polyepitopic Fusion against <i>Leishmania major</i>: In Silico Study\".","authors":"Saeed Pirmoradi, Mohammad Darvish Khadem, Zohre Monjezi, Somayeh Bahrami, Chukwunonso O Nzelu","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17176","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17176","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 4","pages":"517-519"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Diversity of <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i> with Attention to Clinical Features in Patients Originated from Three Endemic Provinces in the North and South of Iran.","authors":"Sahar Semnan, Eshrat Beigom Kia, Meysam Sharifdini, Enayat Darabi, Zohre Fakhrieh-Kashan","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17167","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i> is one of the neglected tropical diseases. We aimed to verify the genetic diversity of <i>S. stercoralis</i> with attention to clinical features of the infection in patients using the <i>Cox</i>1 gene and DNA sequencing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using parasitological methods, <i>S. stercoralis</i> was isolated from stool samples of patients who had been referred to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The patients originated from three endemic provinces of Iran including Guilan and Mazandaran in the north and Khouzestan in the south of Iran. After recording the clinical symptoms of the patients, DNA extraction of the isolates, PCR, and sequencing of the <i>Cox</i>1 gene region were performed. The gene sequences were analyzed by Chromas, Bio edit, and Dna SP 6.0, and phylogenetic analysis using MEGA 7.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall 10 isolates of <i>S. stercoralis</i> were collected from patients 55 to 73 years old. Among the patients, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and cutaneous clinical symptoms were the most common, respectively. Ten isolates were classified into 4 haplotypes, 2 of which were specific to this study. Haplotypes 2 and 3 were placed in a subclade with haplotypes including isolates from dogs in Cambodia. Haplotype 4 which is hereby introduced in the world for the first time included an isolate from a patient with hyper-infection syndrome and disseminated strongyloidiasis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The <i>Cox</i>1 gene showed genetic diversity for <i>S. stercoralis</i> isolates. Accordingly, no significant genetic difference was observed between the sequences from patients with hyper-infection and non-hyper-infection. The only isolate from a patient with disseminated and hyper-infection strongyloidiasis was genetically different from all other isolates in the present study.</p>","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 4","pages":"465-474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Fasciola hepatica</i> Diagnosed with Endoscopic Ultrasound and Treated with Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Pancreatography: A Case Report.","authors":"Mustafa Zanyar Akkuzu, Ahmet Yavuz, Berat Ebik, Ümit Karabulut, Ali Üzel, Ferhat Bacaksız","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17169","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article discusses <i>Fasciola hepatica</i> infection, a zoonotic parasite that lives in the liver bile ducts. A 31-year-old female patient was diagnosed with symptoms such as nausea, increased liver enzymes, and right upper quadrant pain for about a year. The parasite was detected in the common bile duct by Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) and removed by Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Pancreatography (ERCP). Treatment was performed with 10 mg/kg triclabendazole. Eosinophilia, abdominal pain, and dietary history are important clues in the diagnosis of infection. Imaging methods, especially EUS, play a critical role in diagnosis. With this method, parasites can be seen as mobile hyperechogenic structures. If untreated, parasites can survive in their hosts for many years, therefore early diagnosis and treatment are important in preventing complications. It is recommended to monitor the eosinophil levels and serological test results of patients after treatment. As a result, EUS is a very valuable diagnostic tool in suspected cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 4","pages":"480-483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase 1 (OGG1) Alleviated Anemia Severity and Excessive Cytokines Release during <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> Malaria in Mice.","authors":"Abdullahi Samaila, Rusliza Basir, Nur Aimi Liyana Abdul Aziz, Abdusalam Abdullah Alarabei, Mukhtar Lawal Gambo, Maizaton Atmadini Abdullah, Mohd Khairi Hussain, Norshariza Nordin, Roslaini Abd Majid","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17163","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The interplay of OGG1, 8-Oxoguanine, and oxidative stress triggers the exaggerated release of cytokines during malaria, which worsens the outcome of the disease. We aimed to investigate the involvement of OGG1 in malaria and assess the effect of modulating its activity on the cytokine environment and anemia during <i>P. berghei</i> malaria in mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>Plasmodium berghei ANKA</i> infection in ICR mice was used as a malaria model. OGG1 concentration and oxidative stress levels in <i>P. berghei</i>-infected mice and their control counterparts were assessed during malaria using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. OGG1 activity in malaria mice was modulated using treatment with TH5487 and O8-OGG1 inhibitors. The effects of modulating OGG1 activity using OGG1 inhibitors on cytokine release and anemia during <i>P. berghei</i> malaria infection were assessed by cytometric bead array and measurement of total normal red blood cell count respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The plasma OGG1 level was significantly upregulated and positively correlated with parasitemia during <i>P. berghei</i> malaria in mice. Modulation of OGG1 ameliorated malaria severity by improving the total normal RBC count in TH5487 and O8-treated mice. Modulation of OGG1 with TH5487 caused significant reductions in serum levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10. Similarly, OGG1 modulation activity using an O8-OGG1 inhibitor caused a significant reduction in serum levels of TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicate the involvement of OGG1 in the <i>P. berghei</i> malaria infection. OGG1 inhibition by TH5487 and O8-OGG1 inhibitors suppressed excessive cytokine release, and this may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for ameliorating the severity of malaria infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 4","pages":"428-439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"A New Immunogenic Structure of Polyepitopic Fusion against <i>Leishmania major</i>: In Silico Study\".","authors":"Hamidreza Majidiani, Seyyed Amir Hosseini","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17175","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17175","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 4","pages":"515-516"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Detection and Characterization of <i>Haemonchus</i> spp. in Cattle in Nigeria.","authors":"Olamilekan Banwo, Olalekan Jeremiah, Rofiat Adesina, Abraham Adeyemo, Olusegun Fagbohun","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17165","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Haemonchosis is a major parasitic infestation in ruminant livestock, causing significant economic losses annually. The causative organisms are helminths of the genus <i>Haemonchus</i> spp. Detection of the causative agent is important for effective management and control of the disease. Molecular detection and characterization of parasites is a very dependable approach for parasite identification, especially where morphological characterization is unreliable.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To detect and characterize <i>Haemonchus species</i> in cases of haemonchosis at a Municipal abattoir in Ibadan, Nigeria; abomasal samples were collected from cattle at the abattoir. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect and amplify 320 bp internal transcribed spacer-2 (<i>ITS-2</i>) and 400 bp external transcribed spacer (ETS) genes of the adult worms in the samples. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree reconstruction were carried out to further confirm the presence of the worms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PCR, multiple sequence alignment, and phylogenetic reconstruction confirmed the presence of <i>H. placei</i> in the abomasal samples and further confirmed the species as a distinct species of bovine worms at the abattoir. Multiple sequence alignment also revealed genetic sites that can be employed to distinguish <i>H. placei</i> from <i>H. contortus</i> and <i>H. similis</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Molecular techniques; PCR and sequence analysis are very important and reliable in the diagnosis of parasitic diseases. This will help to formulate effective control measures for eradication of the parasite.</p>","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 4","pages":"448-456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coexistence of Giant Hydatid Cyst and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Ismail Eren Birol, Sukru Salih Toprak, Fatih Gurel","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17174","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijpa.v19i4.17174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>From a global perspective, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hydatid cyst disease are both common; however, the endemic and zoonotic nature of hydatid cysts (due to <i>Echinococcus</i> larvae) makes the simultaneous detection of the two conditions a rare occurrence. In this case report, in a 43-year-old male patient, we aim to draw attention to the potential coexistence of HCC and liver hydatid cysts by presenting a case in which HCC tissue was detected in the cyst wall-removed by emergency surgery due to cyst perforation. Hydatid lesions in the liver may exhibit tumor-like growth characteristics. Consequently, identifying a hydatid cyst concomitant with HCC can be challenging, particularly when HCC has developed within the cystic structure. Careful assessment of resected tissues and detailed diagnostic approaches can facilitate the identification of such cases, even if the risk of HCC in patients with hydatid cysts is marginal. It may be advisable to suggest periodic monitoring with HCC-related markers and liver imaging methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"19 4","pages":"509-514"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}