Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research最新文献

{"title":"Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors: A Systematic Review of Structure-Activity Relationship Studies.","authors":"Maryam Bayanati, Mohammad Ismail Mahboubi Rabbani, Shirin Sirous Kabiri, Bahareh Mir, Elham Rezaee, Sayyed Abbas Tabatabai","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-151581","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijpr-151581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine exopeptidase enzyme that hydrolyzes the amide bond at the N-terminal of peptides. This enzyme converts incretins, such as glucagon-like peptide I and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, into their inactive forms, thereby preventing them from stimulating insulin secretion. Numerous studies have confirmed the role of DPP-4 in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, leading to the development of various DPP-4 inhibitors. In recent years, research on DPP-4 inhibitors has expanded significantly, resulting in the creation of both non-peptidomimetic heterocyclic compounds and peptidomimetic scaffolds.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>This systematic review summarizes all recent advances related to DPP-4 inhibitors up to 2024. It begins by outlining the biochemical characteristics of DPP-4 and general pharmacological principles of DPP-4 inhibition, followed by an overview of the latest developments from recent publications. The review provides valuable insights into the pharmacophores necessary for ligand-protein interactions, aimed at understanding the structure-activity relationship of novel DPP-4 inhibitors. Data for this review was collected from sources including ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This review highlights various chemical scaffolds that have been explored in the development of novel DPP-4 inhibitors. It emphasizes scaffolds with significant DPP-4 inhibitory activity, including azoles, azines, sulfonamides, and quinolone motifs. The article also details the structure-activity relationships of newly developed analogs, providing a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in this area.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite moderate progress in the development of novel DPP-4 inhibitors, emerging molecular aspects of DPP-4 intervention show great promise for future therapeutic developments.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"e151581"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements and Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Pharmaceutical Sciences: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Negar Mottaghi-Dastjerdi, Mohammad Soltany-Rezaee-Rad","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-150510","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijpr-150510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the pharmaceutical industry, improving drug discovery, development, and personalized patient care. Through machine learning (ML), deep learning, natural language processing (NLP), and robotic automation, AI has enhanced efficiency, accuracy, and innovation in the field. The purpose of this review is to shed light on the practical applications and potential of AI in various pharmaceutical fields. These fields include medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutics, pharmacology and toxicology, clinical pharmacy, pharmaceutical biotechnology, pharmaceutical nanotechnology, pharmacognosy, and pharmaceutical management and economics. By leveraging AI technologies such as ML, deep learning, NLP, and robotic automation, this review delves into the role of AI in enhancing drug discovery, development processes, and personalized patient care. It analyzes AI's impact in specific areas such as drug synthesis planning, formulation development, toxicology predictions, pharmacy automation, and market analysis. Artificial intelligence integration into pharmaceutical sciences has significantly improved medicinal chemistry, drug discovery, and synthesis planning. In pharmaceutics, AI has advanced personalized medicine and formulation development. In pharmacology and toxicology, AI offers predictive capabilities for drug mechanisms and toxic effects. In clinical pharmacy, AI has facilitated automation and enhanced patient care. Additionally, AI has contributed to protein engineering, gene therapy, nanocarrier design, discovery of natural product therapeutics, and pharmaceutical management and economics, including marketing research and clinical trials management. Artificial intelligence has transformed pharmaceuticals, improving efficiency, accuracy, and innovation. This review highlights AI's role in drug development and personalized care, serving as a reference for professionals. The future promises a revolutionized field with AI-driven methodologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"e150510"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Clindamycin in Preventing Abortion and Vertical Transmission of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (PRU Strain) Infection in Pregnant BALB/c Mice.","authors":"Mitra Sadeghi, Seyed Abdollah Hosseini, Shahabeddin Sarvi, Pedram Ebrahimnejad, Hossein Asgarian Omran, Zohreh Zare, Shirzad Gholami, Alireza Khalilian, Mostafa Tork, Ahmad Daryani, Sargis A Aghayan","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-150424","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijpr-150424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> transmission can occur during pregnancy if the mother contracts the infection for the first time. Treatment strategies include the use of antimicrobial medications and providing supportive care. Spiramycin is commonly used to treat toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and to hinder the disease's transmission. However, its ability to treat the fetus is questionable due to its limited capacity to cross the placental barrier. Additionally, economic constraints and sanctions may impede access to this medication.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Consequently, in search of an effective treatment, for the first time in Iran, the effectiveness of clindamycin in preventing abortion and vertical transmission of the PRU strain of <i>T. gondii</i> infection in pregnant mice was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>On the twelfth day of gestation, pregnant mice were exposed to <i>T. gondii</i> and subsequently received treatment with either clindamycin or spiramycin. This resulted in the establishment of four distinct groups: A normal control group, an infected group without treatment, an infected group treated with clindamycin, and another infected group treated with spiramycin. Following these interventions, a series of parasitological evaluations (including microscopic examination and real-time PCR), histopathological evaluations, and immunological assessments were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings showed a significant reduction in the number of cysts in the eye and brain (ranging from 77.32% to 90.72%) among the groups treated with clindamycin and spiramycin compared to the control group. Furthermore, treatment with clindamycin, like treatment with spiramycin, was able to suppress inflammatory changes, prevent cell death, and reduce vascular cuffs in the brain, as well as decrease bleeding, placental thrombosis, and the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the placenta. Clindamycin was also effective in diminishing retinal folds, tiny retinal bleeds, and cell vacuolation in eye tissues. Immunologically, treatment in both the spiramycin and clindamycin groups resulted in a decrease in the level of the cytokine TNF-α, indicating an increase in the cellular immune response. In addition, increased levels of IL-10 in the treated infected groups could contribute to the reduction of TNF-α production.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Typically, spiramycin is the first choice for treating congenital toxoplasmosis, but clindamycin can be a useful substitute or additional treatment when resistance to primary medications occurs, when there is intolerance, or when access to the main drugs is restricted.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"e150424"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dendrosomal Curcumin Showed Cytotoxic Effects on Breast Cancer Cell Line by Inducing Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway and Cell Division Arrest.","authors":"Houriye Abbasi, Fatemeh Hosseinkhani, Bahareh Imani Fouladi, Siroos Tarighi, Majid Sadeghizadeh, Maryam Montazeri","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-151714","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijpr-151714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mutations in the <i>p53 gene</i> have been linked to the initiation and progression of breast cancer, as well as resistance to chemotherapy. Therefore, the development of novel treatment approaches is essential to combat this disease.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dendrosomal curcumin (DNC) on the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB231.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MDA-MB231 cells were treated with 20 μM DNC, and the apoptosis rate and cell proliferation cycles were assessed using flow cytometry. Additionally, after RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, the expression levels of <i>Lnc-DANCR</i>, <i>EZH2</i>, <i>Noxa</i>, <i>bcl-2</i>, <i>bax</i>, <i>PUMA</i>, <i>p21</i>, and <i>p53 gene</i>s were analyzed using RT-PCR. Protein expression levels of <i>P53</i>, <i>P21</i>, <i>Bcl-2</i>, and <i>Bax</i> were evaluated through western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dendrosomal curcumin induced apoptosis in MDA-MB231 cells and caused cell cycle arrest at the SubG1 phase. Dendrosomal curcumin treatment downregulated <i>Lnc-DANCR</i>, <i>EZH2</i>, <i>bcl-2</i>, and <i>p53 gene</i> expression, while upregulating <i>bax</i>, <i>Noxa</i>, <i>PUMA</i>, and <i>p21</i> gene expression in a time-dependent manner. <i>Bax</i> and <i>P21</i> protein levels were significantly upregulated following DNC treatment, whereas <i>Bcl-2</i> and <i>P53</i> protein levels were downregulated in DNC-treated breast cancer cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In summary, dendrosomal nanocurcumin demonstrated potent anti-tumor effects against breast cancer cells, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent in breast cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"e151714"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Aminoguanidine, Semicarbazide and Thiosemicarbazide Treatment for Methylglyoxal-Induced Neurological Toxicity in Experimental Models.","authors":"Noushin Nikray, Nikoo Abharian, Shahin Jafari Ashtiani, Farzad Kobarfard, Mehrdad Faizi","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-153322","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijpr-153322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are complex compounds that play a critical role in neurological disorders, including the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Methylglyoxal (MG) is recognized as the primary precursor of AGEs. Methylglyoxal is produced endogenously and also introduced through dietary exposures.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of aminoguanidine (AG), semicarbazide (SC), and thiosemicarbazide (TSC) on MG-induced neurological toxicity in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male Wistar rats were exposed orally to MG, MG + AG, MG + SC, and MG + TSC for 70 days. Neurobehavioral, biochemical, and histopathological changes were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicated that oral administration of MG for 70 days resulted in memory impairment and increased anxiety in neurobehavioral tests. Additionally, MG elevated protein carbonylation in brain tissues. Semicarbazide was found to prevent MG-induced memory problems, while both SC and AG reduced carbonyl content in brain tissues. Aminoguanidine and TSC were effective in alleviating anxiety induced by MG exposure. Histopathological analysis revealed that MG caused cell damage and neuronal necrosis in the hippocampus, particularly in the cornu ammonis 1 and 3 (CA1 and CA3) and AG, SC, and TSC improved neuronal survival specifically in the CA1 and DG areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The data suggest that SC, AG, and TSC may offer neuroprotective effects against MG-induced neurobehavioral toxicity. Further studies are required to explore the mechanisms of action of these compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"e153322"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Interaction of Chloroquine with <i>Artemisia kopetdaghensis</i> Semipolar Extract Against <i>Plasmodium berghei</i>: Histopathological and Immunological Studies in a Mouse Model.","authors":"Roya Amirian, Mustafa Ghanadian, Hamed Fouladseresht, Azar Baradaran, Seyed Mohammad Abtahi, Bahareh Basirpour, Maryam Fattahian, Seyed Mahmoud Mousavi, Parastoo Hassani-Abharian, Hajar Shabandoust, Seyedamirmehdi Hejazi Dehaghani, Seyed Hossein Hejazi","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-147234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-147234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria parasites have gradually developed resistance to commonly used antimalarial drugs. For decades, chloroquine was the most widely used drug to eradicate malaria. However, with the spread of chloroquine resistance, many countries have adopted combination therapies that utilize two drugs acting synergistically instead of monotherapy. In this study, the synergistic effect of chloroquine and the semipolar extract of <i>Artemisia kopetdaghensis</i>. Semipolar extract (SPE) was investigated in vivo through pathological and parasitological studies on mouse model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty female Balb/c mice infected with the <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> (<i>P. berghei</i>) parasite were treated with different concentrations of the semipolar extract of <i>Artemisia kopetdaghensis</i> (SPE) according to the protocol. The mean percentage of parasitemia, the mean survival time of the mice, the serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17, and TGF-β, and the effects of the SPE on the kidney, spleen, and liver tissues were investigated and compared across different treatment groups. The data were analyzed using Bonferroni, ANOVA, and Tukey tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The semipolar extract of <i>Artemisia kopetdaghensis</i> (SPE) demonstrated better therapeutic effects in both synergistic and monotherapy conditions compared to chloroquine alone. The combination of chloroquine and SPE resulted in the lowest parasitemia rate, the highest percentage of parasite inhibition, and the longest average survival time. Pathological studies showed no signs of acute toxicity in the organs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrated that using chloroquine in combination with <i>Artemisia kopetdaghensis</i> semipolar extract has synergistic effects in reducing parasitemia, enhancing the inhibitory effect on parasite growth and reproduction, and balancing the host immune system.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"e147234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase Facilitates Cisplatin Resistance of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer via Repressing Reactive Oxygen Species/Ferroptosis Pathway.","authors":"Ce Qin, Jun Yuan, Rui Zhang, Li Liu, Yue-Song Ban","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-150017","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijpr-150017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a deadly malignancy worldwide. Resistance to cisplatin (DDP) is a significant obstacle that limits the therapeutic efficacy in NSCLC patients.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated the role and mechanism of 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR24) in DDP resistance in NSCLC cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>24-dehydrocholesterol reductase levels, ferroptosis-related molecules, and proteins involved in the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway were measured. The growth capacity of the cells was evaluated, and ferroptosis was assessed by measuring MDA, GSH, Fe²⁺, and ROS levels. The impact of DHCR24 on NSCLC DDP resistance was analyzed using a tumor xenograft assay in vivo. Ki-67 and DHCR24 expression in tumors were evaluated through immunohistochemical staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>24-dehydrocholesterol reductase expression was elevated in DDP-resistant cells, indicating a poorer prognosis for NSCLC patients. Down-regulation of DHCR24 inhibited the growth of DDP-resistant cells and induced ferroptosis. Inhibition of DHCR24 led to the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway and subsequent induction of ferroptosis. Inhibition of ferroptosis or activation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway counteracted the increased DDP sensitivity induced by DHCR24 knockdown in NSCLC cells. Additionally, DHCR24 deficiency improved NSCLC DDP resistance in vivo.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>24-dehydrocholesterol reductase contributes to DDP resistance in NSCLC cells by suppressing ferroptosis through the activation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"e150017"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Weight Indices and Blood Levels of Immunosuppressive Drugs in Renal Transplant Recipients.","authors":"Shirinsadat Badri, Bozorgmehr Dadkhah-Tehrani, Abdolamir Atapour, Shahrzad Shahidi, Mojgan Mortazavi, Tahereh Gholipourshahraki","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-146619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-146619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Calcineurin inhibitors and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors are essential for maintaining transplanted organs. However, determining the appropriate dosage and predicting blood concentrations of these drugs based solely on net body weight may be inadequate. Previous studies have presented contradictory results regarding the impact of obesity on drug concentrations and transplant success.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to evaluate various weight indices to identify the most reliable indicator of weight that correlates with the blood levels of drugs used in organ transplantation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective descriptive study included patients from nephrology clinics affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences who were taking calcineurin and/or mTOR inhibitor drugs. Data extracted from medical records included demographic and clinical information, such as height, weight, and various weight indices (total/ideal/adjusted body weight, lean body mass (LBM), Body Mass Index, and predicted normal weight), as well as blood levels of immunosuppressive drugs at each patient's visit. The dosages of each drug (mg/kg) were analyzed to determine which weight indices best correlated with the obtained blood concentrations, using the Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model with logistic regression, an independent correlation matrix, and a binary distribution for data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study analyzed the medical records of 71 patients. Trough (C0) concentrations of drugs were evaluated in relation to each weight index, and odds ratios (OR) were calculated for statistical comparison. All weight indices increased the likelihood of achieving appropriate concentrations for cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and sirolimus. Drug dosing based on LBM (OR: 1.028), ideal body weight (OR: 1.075), and total body weight (OR: 1.041) showed the strongest correlations with achieving proper blood levels for cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and sirolimus, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Integrating various weight indices for calculating individualized doses (mg/kg) of each immunosuppressive drug increases the likelihood of achieving appropriate blood concentrations. However, the optimal weight index varies for each drug. Further studies, particularly those incorporating therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) plans in transplant centers, are warranted to validate and generalize these findings, providing a potential avenue for improving immunosuppressive therapy and enhancing transplant outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"e146619"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-Utility Analysis of Erenumab Compared to Topiramate for Preventive Therapy of Migraine in Iran.","authors":"Hosein Mollaee, Sadra Nadimi Parashkouhi, Behzad Fatemi, Meysam Seyedifar, Fatemeh Soleymani","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-146026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-146026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Migraine is a prevalent, chronic neurovascular disorder that incurs significant indirect costs due to productivity loss. Preventive therapy is an effective way to alleviate the societal and healthcare burden of migraine. Approximately 14% of both the global and Iranian populations are affected by migraine, which has substantial economic implications.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the cost-effectiveness of Erenumab compared to Topiramate for migraine treatment in Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A three-state Markov model was used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Erenumab. The model considered both direct and indirect costs from a societal perspective. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated by determining the cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. Costs and QALYs were discounted annually at 5.8% and 5%, respectively. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) were performed to assess the robustness of the model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average cost for patients using the Erenumab strategy was 16,836 USD over five years, whereas the average cost for the Topiramate strategy was estimated to be 2,660 USD. Additionally, the average QALYs for the Erenumab and Topiramate strategies were 3.64 and 3.46, respectively. The ICER for the Erenumab strategy was 78,923 USD/QALY. This ICER is significantly higher than the fixed Iranian willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of 2,456 USD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study concludes that preventive treatment of migraine with Erenumab, compared to Topiramate, is not cost-effective in Iran based on current prices. Therefore, for Erenumab to be considered cost-effective, a significant price reduction is necessary for its entry into the Iranian pharmaceutical market.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"e146026"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiproliferative and Pro-apoptotic Activities of <i>Tournefortia mutabilis</i> vent. Leaves on the Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cell Line (MCF-7).","authors":"Zoila Mora-Guzmán, Luis Bernardo Flores-Cotera, Eduardo Pérez-Campos, Rebeca López-Marure, Delia Soto-Castro, Felipe Alonso Masso-Rojas, Araceli Paéz Arenas, Edgar Zenteno, Margarito Martinez-Cruz, Laura Pérez-Campos Mayoral, María Teresa Hernández-Huerta, María Del Socorro Pina-Canseco","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-149405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-149405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide, impacting not only the patients but also their families and communities. <i>Tournefortia mutabilis</i> vent. is a plant endemic to Mexico, traditionally used in Zapotec medicine for the treatment of cancer.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the effects of the chloroformic extract of <i>T. mutabilis</i> vent. leaves on cell proliferation and cell death in MCF-7 cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The effect of the extract on MCF-7 cell proliferation was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and crystal violet staining. Apoptosis was evaluated through fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide staining and caspase-3, -6, and -9 activity assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the <i>T. mutabilis</i> vent. extract on MCF-7 cell proliferation at 48 hours and 72 hours after treatment was 86.4 µg/mL and 2.74 µg/mL, respectively. We observed that the extract and its semi-purified fractions induced cell death through the activation of caspases 3, -6, and -9.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><i>Tournefortia mutabilis</i> vent. is a potential source of compounds with antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activities on the MCF-7 cell line, primarily through the intrinsic pathways of apoptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"e149405"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}