Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research最新文献

{"title":"Chinese Medicine Enhancing Response Rates to Immunosuppressant PD-L1 Inhibitor and Improving the Quality of Life of Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Bearing Mice.","authors":"Lixing Liu, Hao Li, Peijin Li, Rui Zhou, Qinglin Zhang, Tingting Liu, Li Feng","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-134216","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijpr-134216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malignant tumors are a significant disease endangering human health. Chinese Medicine (CM) plays an important role in comprehensive and holistic tumor treatment.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to investigate whether CM combined with the immunosuppressant PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor has a good synergistic effect and can significantly improve response rates for the immunosuppressant.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We combined CM with immunosuppressant in treating six-week-old hepatocellular carcinoma-bearing mice and compared the outcomes of groups undergoing different interventions: blank group, control group, CM group, PD-L1 inhibitor group, and CM + PD-L1 inhibitor group, with ten mice in each group. The quality of life was evaluated along with the tumor inhibition effects and growth rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CM significantly reduced tumor load and improved the quality of life of cancer-bearing mice. The survival rate was 81.8% in the control group, 100% in the CM group, 90.9% in the PD-L1 inhibitor group, and 100% in the combined group in the first week. The survival rate was 45.5% in the control group, 54.5% in the CM group, 81.8% in the PD-L1 inhibitor group, and 81.8% in the combined group in the second week. 38% mice in the CM+PD-L1 inhibitor group with smaller tumor size than the average of the control group, which was much higher than other treatment groups. CM also reduced the expression of JAK2 mRNA and STAT3 mRNA, although not significantly (P > 0.05), and reduced PD-L1 mRNA in tumor tissue compared to the control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CM had a synergistic effect on PD-L1 inhibitors and increased response rates to PD-L1 inhibitor treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10728846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75478351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amphotericin B Pharmacokinetics: Inter-strain Differences in Rats Following Intravenous Administration of the Most Commonly Marketed Formulations of the Drug.","authors":"Erfan Abdollahizad, Simin Dadashzadeh, Shima Bahri, Zahra Abbasian, Elham Rezaee","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-134772","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijpr-134772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Amphotericin B (AmB) is the first-line drug to treat invasive fungal infections. However, its delivery to the body and clinical use faces many challenges because of its poor solubility, poor pharmacokinetics, and severe nephrotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Due to the necessity for designing safer and more effective nanocarriers for AmB and the importance of preclinical pharmacokinetic studies in evaluating these novel drug delivery systems, the present study was framed to explore the influence of rat strain on the pharmacokinetic profile of this drug.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four Wistar and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were intravenously injected with 1 mg/kg AmB as Fungizone or AmBisome, which are the two most commonly marketed formulations of the drug. Blood samples were collected before and at regular intervals up to 24 h after administration. Drug concentration was analyzed by a validated HPLC method, and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by the non-compartmental method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Irrespective of the type of formulation, the AUC_0-t and AUC_0-∞ values were significantly higher (P < 0.001), and Cl as an important PK parameter was markedly lower (P < 0.001) in SD rats compared to the Wistar strain. For Fungizone, the mean Cl values in SD and Wistar rats were 206.90 and 462.95 mL/h/kg (P < 0.001), respectively. The apparent volume of distribution (V_ss) was also lower in SD rats compared to Wistar; however, for AmBisome, the difference in V_ss was not statistically significant. Our further investigation suggested that the higher amount of total protein in the SD strain may justify the higher plasma concentrations and lower Cl and V_ss of amphotericin B in this strain compared to the Wistar strain.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, following intravenous administration of AmB, there were significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug between two rat strains for both formulations. The obtained data is important for correctly interpreting experimental data from different research groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10728861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86179421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting Caspase-3 Gene in rCHO Cell Line by CRISPR/Cas9 Editing Tool and Its Effect on Protein Production in Manipulated Cell Line.","authors":"Amirabbas Rahimi,&nbsp;Morteza Karimipoor,&nbsp;Reza Mahdian,&nbsp;Atefeh Alipour,&nbsp;Sadi Hosseini,&nbsp;Hooman Kaghazian,&nbsp;Abdolrahim Abbasi,&nbsp;Hosein Shahsavarani,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-130236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-130236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the widely used mammalian cell host for biopharmaceutical manufacturing. During cell cultures, CHO cells lose viability mainly from apoptosis. Inhibiting cell death is useful because prolonging cell lifespans can direct to more productive cell culture systems for biotechnology requests.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study exploited a CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate site-specific gene disruptions in the caspase-3 gene in the apoptosis pathway, which acts as an apoptotic regulator to extend cell viability in the CHO cell line.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The STRING database was used to identify the key pro-apoptotic genes to be modified by CRISPR/Cas9 system. The guide RNAs targeting the caspase-3 gene were designed, and vectors containing sgRNA and Cas9 were transfected into CHO cells that expressed erythropoietin as a heterologous protein. Indel formation was investigated by DNA sequencing. Caspase-3 expression was quantified by real-time PCR and western blot. The effect of editing the caspase-3 gene on the inhibition of apoptosis was also investigated by induction of apoptosis in manipulated cell lines by oleuropein. Finally, the erythropoietin production in the edited cells was compared to the control cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The caspase-3 manipulation significantly prolongation of the cell viability and decreased the caspase-3 expression level of protein in manipulated CHO cells (more than 6-fold, P-value < 0.0001). Manipulated cells displayed higher threshold tolerance to apoptosis compared to the control cells when they were induced by oleuropein. They show a higher IC50 than the control ones (7271 µM/mL Vs. 5741 µM/mL). They also show a higher proliferation rate than the control cells in the presence of an apoptosis inducer (P-value < 0.0001). Furthermore, manipulated cell lines significantly produce more recombinant protein in the presence of 2,000 µM oleuropein compared to the control ones (P-value = 0.0021).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We understood that CRISPR/Cas9 could be effectively applied to suppress the expression of the caspase-3 gene and rescue CHO cells from apoptosis induced by cell stress and metabolites. The CRISPR/Cas9 system-assisted caspase-3 gene ablation can potentially increase erythropoietin yield in CHO cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c9/19/ijpr-21-1-130236.PMC10007989.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9106077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, and <i>In-vitro</i> Antitumor Activity of Quinazoline-2,4,6-triamine Derivatives as Novel EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.","authors":"Maryam Nili Ahmadabadi,&nbsp;Elham Rezaee,&nbsp;Manijeh Nematpour,&nbsp;Leila Karami,&nbsp;Shaya Mokhtari,&nbsp;Farzad Kobarfard,&nbsp;Sayyed Abbas Tabatabai","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-133840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-133840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Developing a potent and safe scaffold is challenging in anti-cancer drug discovery.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study focused on developing novel series of compounds based on the inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK) as one of the most promising compounds in cancer therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, a novel series of quinazoline-2,4,6-triamine derivatives were designed and synthesized through intramolecular C-H activation reaction of <i>para</i>-nitro aniline, trichloroacetonitrile, and isocyanides employing a one-pot reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The <i>in-vitro</i> antitumor activities of the compounds which showed acceptable inhibitory effects were investigated against breast (MCF-7), lung (A-549), and colon (HT-29) cancer cell lines by employing MTT assay. All compounds had the most negligible cytotoxicity toward normal fibroblast human cell lines. Based on structural and thermodynamics analysis results, it was found that Met 769 is a key residue in interaction with all inhibitors through the formation of hydrogen bonds with high occupancies with the amine group on the quinazoline ring of inhibitors. Also, there was a good consistency between calculated ΔG binding and experimental IC₅₀ values of compounds 10d, 10e, and erlotinib.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compound 10e had an extensive range of antitumor activity on three diverse cell lines comparable with erlotinib and doxorubicin reference drugs. Also, compound 10d showed selective cytotoxicity against cancerous lung cells (A-549). On the other side, computational studies confirmed that Met 769 is a crucial residue in interaction with all inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7e/fb/ijpr-21-1-133840.PMC10008000.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9106080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Phase I Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study on Efficacy and Safety Profile of a Sublingually Administered Cannabidiol /Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabidiol (10: 1) Regimen in Diabetes Type 2 Patients.","authors":"Shima Afshar,&nbsp;Shayesteh Khalili,&nbsp;Gholamreza Amin,&nbsp;Mohammad Abbasinazari","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-132647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-132647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study aimed to evaluate the safety profile and efficacy of a cannabis-based sublingual spray, CBDEX10^® (containing 100 µg cannabidiol and 10 µg Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol per puff; CBD/Δ⁹-THC 10:1), in improving lipid profile and glycemic state of the diabetic patients. Fifty diabetic patients were randomly allocated to the treatment (n = 25; receiving two puffs of CBDEX10^® twice daily) or the control groups (n = 25; receiving two puffs of placebo). The primary endpoint of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the CBDEX10^® adjunctive therapy in improving the lipid profile and glycemic state of diabetic patients; the secondary endpoint was to assess the safety profile and tolerability of the spray. A statistically significant decline in total cholesterol [estimated treatment difference (ETD) = -19.73 mg/dL; P < 0.05], triglyceride (ETD = -27.84 mg/dL; P < 0.01), LDL-C (ETD = -5.37 mg/dL; P < 0.01), FBS (ETD = -12 mg/dL; P < 0.01), Hb A1C (ETD = -0.21 mg/dL; P < 0.01) and insulin secretion (ETD = -5.21 mIU/L; P < 0.01) was observable in the patients treated with CBDEX10^® at the end of the 8-week treatment period. Regarding safety, the mentioned adjunctive regimen was well, and there were no serious or severe adverse effects. Overall, CBDEX1^® sublingual spray could be a new therapeutic agent for lipid and glycemic control in diabetic patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/13/7f/ijpr-21-1-132647.PMC10024807.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9154430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Changes in Cream Properties Following Topical Application and Their Influence on the Product Efficiency.","authors":"Nadia Salehi,&nbsp;Seyedeh Maryam Mortazavi,&nbsp;Hamidreza Moghimi","doi":"10.5812/ijpr.123946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr.123946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Topical products are not stable following application to the skin due to the evaporation of volatile components. Such changes have been demonstrated in liquid emulsions, but there is almost no study available for creams in this respect. The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the changes in cream properties following topical application and their influence on product efficiency. A method has also been designed and validated to mimic cream application to the skin. To perform this investigation, five different creams were prepared and alterations of type of creams, size of droplets of the dispersed phase, occlusivity, water content and rate of water loss were studied after application. These changes were then attributed to the type of cream, water content, presence of humectant, and time post application. The results demonstrated that creams changed intensely after application, including the phase inversion of O/W formulations, changes in the occlusivity of creams, reduction of water content, rate of water evaporation and droplet size. Such changes could be controlled partly by humectants. The present results suggest that formulators should be aware of such possible changes and required precautions should be taken in advance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/60/6a/ijpr-21-1-123946.PMC10024334.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9155561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Process and Formulation Parameters on the Fabrication of Efavirenz Nanosuspension to Improve Drug Solubility and Dissolution.","authors":"Mahtab Rashed,&nbsp;Simin Dadashzadeh,&nbsp;Noushin Bolourchian","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-129409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-129409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Efavirenz nanosuspensions (EZ-NSs) were developed by the wet milling method as the most promising top-down nanosizing technique. Different process and formulation parameters were studied and optimized to produce appropriate EZ-NS in suitable conditions to enhance drug dissolution.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the preliminary studies, various polymeric stabilizers, including Pluronic F68, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), as well as different sizes and weight of milling beads were used to prepare NSs. The effect of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) concentration on the NS properties was also evaluated. The influence of other formulation and process parameters, including polymer concentration, milling speed, and milling time, on the particle size and distribution of NSs were investigated using Box-Behnken design. The optimized freeze-dried nanosuspension was characterized by redispersibility, physicochemical properties, and stability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A combination of PVA and SLS was selected as steric and electrostatic stabilizers. The optimum EZ-NS displayed a uniform size distribution with a mean particle size and zeta potential of 254.4 nm and 21.1 mV, respectively. The solidified nanosuspension was well redispersed to the original nanoparticles. Significantly enhanced aqueous solubility (about 11-fold) and accelerated dissolution rate were observed for the optimized formulation. This could be attributed to the reduced particle size and partial amorphization of EZ during the preparation process, studied by X-ray diffraction. Accelerated studies confirmed the stability of the optimum freeze-dried formulation over the examined period of three months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Optimization of different variables led to the formation of EZ-NSs with desired properties through wet milling in a very short time compared to the previous study and therefore reduced production costs. This formulation seems to be a suitable approach for solubility and dissolution enhancement of EZ and may have a great potential to improve the drug's oral bioavailability.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/de/56/ijpr-21-1-129409.PMC10024318.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9155563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of Phenolic Compound Extraction by Using Ion Exchange Chromatography and Evaluation of Biological Activities of Polyphenol-enriched Fraction of <i>Rosa canina</i> Fruits.","authors":"Zahra Sabahi,&nbsp;Seyed Muhammad Farid Hasan,&nbsp;Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi,&nbsp;Fatemeh Farmani,&nbsp;Afshin Afsari,&nbsp;Mahmoodreza Moein","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-126558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-126558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Rosa canina</i> has been traditionally known as a medicinal plant. Different applications of fruits (Rose hip) comprise the food, perfume, and cosmetic industries.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to prepare an enriched polyphenolic fraction from <i>Rosa canina</i> in addition to its biological activities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Poly phenolic enriched fraction was prepared using Amberlite XAD-7 for removing unwanted components. Phenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins content analyses showed that they increased significantly compared to the extract. HPLC analysis showed that this fraction is a rich source of ascorbic acid.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the DPPH, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), ABTS, and nitric oxide assay confirmed that the antioxidant activities of the fraction had been increased compared to the extract. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay and cellular antioxidant activity of the fraction also confirmed its potential antioxidant activity. This fraction showed xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity at 100 µg/mL concentration. Comet assay analysis revealed that this fraction at 25 - 100 µg/mL concentrations inhibited H₂O₂ genotoxicity in human lymphocytes.</p><p><strong>Conclutions: </strong>This study suggests that the fruit of <i>Rosa canina</i> could be considered as a potential antioxidant, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, and an antigenotoxic source, and the application of Amberlite XAD-7 improves extraction efficiencies through enrichment of phenolic compounds in this plant.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a9/07/ijpr-21-1-126558.PMC10024319.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9155564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of the Anticoagulant and Procoagulant Fractions of the Venom of Iranian Endemic <i>Echis carinatus</i>.","authors":"Nafiseh Nasri Nasrabadi,&nbsp;Nasser Mohammadpour Dounighi,&nbsp;Minoo Ahmadinejad,&nbsp;Hadi Rabiei,&nbsp;Maryam Tabarzad,&nbsp;Mojtaba Najafi,&nbsp;Hossein Vatanpour","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-127240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-127240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The venom of <i>Echis carinatus</i> contains both procoagulant and anticoagulant components that can either promote or block the blood coagulation cascade, and some of these components affect platelet function in different ways.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study focuses on setting up a procedure for the purification of crude venom and designing appropriate clotting tests in order to characterize the procoagulant and anticoagulant fractions of <i>E. carinatus</i> venom.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Chromatographic methods, including gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), were applied for purifying these fractions. Coagulant activity testing, prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were used to determine procoagulant and anticoagulant properties. For measuring molecular weight, 15% SDS-PAGE electrophoresis with a molecular weight standard ranging from 6.5 to 200 kDa was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We obtained five fractions named F₁, F₂, F₃, F₄, and F₅. The F₁ and F₂ fractions showed procoagulant activity, and the F₅ fraction had anticoagulant activity. The molecular weight of F_2.4.2 from fraction F₂ and F_5.1 from fraction F₅ were analyzed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis under the reducing condition. These factors were identified as a single protein band at the end of purification. The molecular weights of these purified fractions were estimated to be 7.5 kDa and 38 kDa for F_5.1(b) and F_2.4.2(b), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest an efficient and suitable procedure for the identification and purification of the procoagulant and anticoagulant factors of the venom of Iranian <i>E. carinatus</i> using the PT and APTT assays.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e8/fa/ijpr-21-1-127240.PMC10024320.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9163589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indomethacin Sustained-Release Anti-adhesion Membrane Composed of a Phospholipid and Polycaprolactone Blend.","authors":"Adrina Efatpanah,&nbsp;Shahram Rabbani,&nbsp;Rozhin Talimi,&nbsp;Seyed Alireza Mortazavi,&nbsp;Azadeh Haeri","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-127353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-127353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postoperative peritoneal adhesions are among common challenging problems in surgery. The availability of limited efficient strategies to prevent intra-abdominal adhesion reinforces the need to explore new methods. Given the favorable prolonged drug release characteristics of polycaprolactone (PCL) films and their ability to act as a biodegradable physical barrier implant, along with the anti-inflammatory and anti-adhesion properties of indomethacin and phospholipids, this study hypothesized that indomethacin sustained-release membrane composed of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and PCL blend could efficiently prevent abdominal adhesion formation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Different polymeric and polymeric/lipidic hybrid formulations with three feeding materials to drug weight ratios were prepared, and their physicochemical characteristics and drug release kinetics were evaluated and compared. Abdominal adhesions were induced in 48 rats by the abrasion of the cecum and excision of a section of the opposite abdominal wall. Adhesion formation was evaluated by macroscopic scoring, histological, scanning electron microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both PCL and PCL-PC films exhibited sustained indomethacin release profiles. The X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy studies confirmed indomethacin incorporation in formulations in molecular dispersion form without any interaction. The films showed smooth surfaces and good mechanical properties. The treatment with indomethacin PCL-PC membrane significantly reduced the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and fibrinogen in the adhesion tissues. The separation of the injured peritoneum, very low adhesion scores, and complete mesothelial cell regeneration were also achieved.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests that indomethacin-eluting PCL-PC membrane acting through the combination of physical barrier, anti-inflammatory agents, and controlled drug delivery warrants an effective approach to prevent intra-abdominal adhesion.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b8/d4/ijpr-21-1-127353.PMC9872549.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9135332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}