Glucose Metabolism in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Line Is Regulated via Combinational PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway Inhibitors

Abstract

Background: Metabolism reprogramming is a survival mechanism in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, we investigated the effect of signaling pathway inhibitors on the expression of genes rewired in the metabolic pathway of AML cells. Methods: HL-60 cells were treated with Idelalisib, MK-2206, and Everolimus, which respectively are selective inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), either individually or in combination. The relative expressions of Glucose Transporter 1, Hexokinase 2, Pyruvate Kinase, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1, Citrate synthase, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 2, and Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 Subunit Alpha were determined by real-time PCR. Results: The combined treatment of HL-60 cells with Idelalisib, MK-2206, and Everolimus decreased the expression of Glucose Transporter 1, Hexokinase 2, Pyruvate Kinase M2, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1, Citrate synthase, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 2, and Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 Subunit Alpha. Conclusions: A combination of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors regulates the expression of genes involved in glycolysis, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDH), and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and interferes with metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion mechanisms of AML leukemic cells. Combinational therapy approaches to block these pathways might be a promising and novel therapeutic strategy for targeting the metabolic requirements of AML cells.