Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research最新文献

{"title":"Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Enhance Oxaliplatin Resistance in Colorectal Cancer Cells via Paracrine IL-6: An In Vitro Study.","authors":"Jiahui Wang, Yanxin Lu, Zhiyong Wang, Pei Wei","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-160886","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijpr-160886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colorectal cancer (CRC) often develops resistance to oxaliplatin (L-OHP), a key chemotherapeutic agent. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment are implicated in chemoresistance, but their role in L-OHP resistance via interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The presnt study investigated how CAFs contribute to L-OHP resistance in CRC, focusing on IL-6 secretion and its impact on cancer cell survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>NIH3T3 fibroblasts were co-cultured with murine (CT26) or human (DLD1) colon cancer cells and treated with L-OHP. The supernatant IL-6 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Indirect co-culture using Transwell chambers was employed to separate CAF and tumor cell effects. Conditioned media (CM) from both cell types were collected and analyzed for IL-6. Cytotoxicity assays were conducted to assess the survival of L-OHP-treated CT26 cells in the presence of CAF-derived CM, with or without an IL-6-neutralizing antibody.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Co-culture significantly increased IL-6 secretion, which was further amplified by L-OHP. The IL-6 levels in CAF-derived CM were approximately 3.5-fold higher than in tumor cell-derived CM. The CAF-derived CM improved the survival of L-OHP-treated CT26 cells, an effect reversed by IL-6-neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, adding exogenous IL-6 to tumor cell-derived CM also enhanced survival. Similar IL-6 upregulation in cisplatin-treated CAFs suggests a broader role in platinum-based resistance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CAFs promote L-OHP resistance in CRC through IL-6 secretion, enhancing cancer cell survival. Therefore, targeting CAFs and IL-6 signaling may help overcome chemoresistance in CRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"e160886"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12296695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144730924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Peppermint (<i>Mentha piperita</i>) Extract on the Inhibition of Biofilm Formation by <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Strains Isolated from Clinical Samples.","authors":"Zahra Majidi Fard, Negin Irani Mavi, Shokoofeh Akbari, Yousef Erfani, Sanaz Eghtedari","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-160772","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijpr-160772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> is a hospital-acquired opportunistic pathogen, with biofilm formation playing a crucial role in its multidrug resistance. Given the rise in antibiotic resistance, herbal medicines, including peppermint (<i>Mentha piperita</i>), have gained attention for their potential antibacterial properties.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of peppermint extract on biofilm formation in <i>A. baumannii</i> strains isolated from clinical samples.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 25 <i>A. baumannii</i> strains were isolated from clinical samples at the Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran. Their biofilm-forming ability and antibiotic susceptibility against nine antibiotics were assessed using the disk diffusion method. The antibacterial activity of peppermint extract was evaluated by well diffusion, with its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) compared to ciprofloxacin. Synergistic effects between the extract and ciprofloxacin were analyzed, followed by a time-kill assay. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the presence of <i>PgaA</i> and <i>AbaI</i> genes linked to biofilm formation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that 88% of <i>A. baumannii</i> strains exhibited strong biofilm formation. Peppermint extract effectively inhibited biofilm formation, with MIC values ranging from 1.5 to 6 mg/mL (mean MIC: 3.75 ± 1.38 mg/mL) and MBC values equivalent to their respective MIC concentrations. For ciprofloxacin, the MIC for all samples was greater than 2048 mg/mL. No significant synergistic effect was observed between peppermint extract and ciprofloxacin. Both <i>PgaA</i> (involved in biofilm matrix synthesis) and <i>AbaI</i> (quorum sensing-related autoinducer synthase) genes were present in all tested strains.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Peppermint extract demonstrates biofilm-inhibitory properties against <i>A. baumannii</i>, suggesting its potential as an alternative therapeutic approach for combating biofilm-associated infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"e160772"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12297010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144730967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minocycline Regulates PARP-1 and HDAC3 Pathways to Inhibit Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury.","authors":"Chao Luo, Xixi Zhu, Jiefei Liang, Chunyan Zhu, Guohua Shen, Weibin Wu","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-161381","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijpr-161381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by excessive lung inflammation and apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells, resulting in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Minocycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, is known to have excellent anti-inflammatory activity.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study aims to reveal the protective effect and potential mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effects of minocycline on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice and A549 cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated the role of minocycline in ALI mice and inflammation-induced damage to alveolar epithelial cells using various experimental approaches, including histological staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time PCR, flow cytometry, western blot analysis, and other relevant assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pre-treatment with minocycline effectively attenuated LPS-induced ALI in vivo by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative damage, improving pathological changes in the lungs, alleviating pulmonary edema and protein exudation, and suppressing neutrophil aggregation. In vitro, minocycline suppressed the inflammatory response of human alveolar epithelial A549 cells, as evidenced by the inhibition of inflammatory cytokine and oxidative damage biomarker expression, reduction in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, alleviation of mitochondrial damage, and inhibition of cell apoptosis. Subsequent mechanistic studies revealed that the protective effects of minocycline against ALI may be attributed to its suppression of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, our study presents minocycline as a potential candidate for ALI therapy and provides an experimental foundation for investigating its anti-inflammatory mechanisms in the treatment of ALI. Further therapeutic value awaits verification in clinical and preclinical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"e161381"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12297026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144730970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabidiol Extracted from <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. Plant Shows Neuroprotective Impacts Against 6-HODA-Induced Neurotoxicity via <i>Nrf2</i> Signal Transduction Pathway.","authors":"Afsaneh Esfandi, Ali Mehrafarin, Sepideh Kalateh Jari, Hassanali Naghdi Badi, Kambiz Larijani","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-160499","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijpr-160499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As a prevalent neurodegenerative illness, Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with serious disability and reduced quality of patients' lives. Therefore, finding new adjuvant treatment approaches that can improve patients' quality of life is crucial.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study evaluated the impacts of cannabidiol (CBD) on the PC12 cell line and elucidated its mechanism of action, emphasizing the antioxidant pathway.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>First, CBD was extracted from the hemp plant. Then, the cells were treated with CBD at different dosages. After treatment, the cells were exposed to 6-HODA, and cell viability and apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, super oxide dismutase (SOD) and GSH levels, as well as the <i>Nrf2</i>, <i>Bax</i>, <i>Bcl-2</i>, and <i>Casp3</i> genes' expressions were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cannabidiol augmented the cell viability and decreased the apoptosis rates of 6-HODA-exposed PC12 cells. Also, pretreatment of PC12 cells with CBD was associated with decreases in ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, and an improvement in total antioxidant capacity and SOD and GSH activities were also seen. In addition, CBD overexpressed <i>Nrf2</i> and <i>Bcl-2</i> genes in 6-HODA-exposed PC12 cells and, on the other hand, prevented the upregulation of <i>Bax</i> and <i>Casp3</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, it was concluded that CBD has neuroprotective impacts against 6-HODA-induced neurotoxicity via the <i>Nrf2</i> signal transduction pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"e160499"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12297029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144730925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-Powered Insights into Drug Resistance in Gastric Cancer: A Path Toward Precision Therapy.","authors":"Negar Mottaghi-Dastjerdi, Mohammad Soltany-Rezaee-Rad","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-159954","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijpr-159954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Gastric cancer (GC) is a major global health burden, with drug resistance representing a critical barrier to effective treatment. Understanding the mechanisms underlying drug resistance and leveraging advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), are essential for developing innovative therapeutic strategies.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>This review systematically examines the primary mechanisms of drug resistance in GC, organized into eight categories: Reduced drug uptake, enhanced drug efflux, impaired pro-drug activation or increased inactivation, molecular target alterations, enhanced DNA damage repair, imbalance in apoptotic regulation, tumor microenvironment modifications, and phenotypic changes. Additionally, the role of AI in addressing these challenges is explored, with a focus on omics-driven insights, pathway analysis, biomarker discovery, and modeling drug-response relationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review highlights the transformative potential of AI in advancing precision therapy for GC. Key applications include therapeutic stratification, optimization of drug combinations, adaptive therapy design, and integration with clinical workflows. Challenges such as data quality, model interpretability, and the need for interdisciplinary collaboration are identified, along with strategies to address these barriers. Future directions emphasize the development of explainable AI models, integration of multi-omics and real-time patient data, and AI-driven drug discovery targeting resistance pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By bridging research and clinical practice, AI offers a promising path to more effective, personalized, and adaptive therapeutic strategies for GC. Overcoming existing challenges and leveraging AI's potential can significantly improve treatment outcomes and address the pressing issue of drug resistance in GC.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"e159954"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12285678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144707493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resveratrol Alleviates Cognitive Impairment in Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion by Targeting Lingo-1, NgR1, p75, and RhoA/ROCK-2 Pathways.","authors":"Mohabbat Jamhiri, Fatemeh Safari, Jalil Alizadeh Ghalenoei, Fatemeh Zare Mehrjerdi, Mansoureh Eslami","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-158864","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijpr-158864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), a pathophysiological state linked to vascular dementia and cognitive impairment, involves the NgR1/Lingo-1/p75 signaling complex implicated in neurodegenerative processes. Resveratrol (RES), a neuroprotective compound, was investigated for its potential to mitigate CCH-induced cognitive deficits by targeting this pathway.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study examined RES's ability to improve cognitive impairment in CCH by suppressing the NgR1/Lingo-1/p75 complex and downstream RhoA-ROCK2 signaling.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rats were divided into five groups: Control, CCH + Ethanol (ETH), CCH, CCH + resveratrol (RES), and RES. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion was induced via permanent bilateral carotid artery occlusion (2VO). Cognitive function was assessed using the Morris Water Maze (MWM). Hippocampal morphology in CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) regions was analyzed via H&E staining. The expression levels of Lingo-1, NgR1, P75, RhoA, and ROCK2 signaling pathway were detected by western blot and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats showed elevated protein expression of Lingo-1, p75, RhoA, and ROCK2, though NgR1 remained unchanged. The RES treatment significantly reduced these protein levels. Similarly, mRNA levels of all five targets increased in CCH, but RES notably lowered Lingo-1 and NgR1 expression. The MWM tests revealed RES improved spatial learning and memory deficits in 2VO rats. H&E staining demonstrated RES's neuroprotective effects, preserving hippocampal neuron integrity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Resveratrol alleviates CCH-induced cognitive impairment by downregulating the Lingo-1/NgR1/p75 signaling axis and inhibiting RhoA-ROCK2 pathways. These findings highlight RES's potential as a therapeutic agent for vascular cognitive impairment associated with chronic hypoperfusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"e158864"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12297015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144730987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vivo and Bioinformatics Evaluation of Nine Traditional Chinese Medicine Compounds Targeting Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Enzymes in Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Xinyu Yang","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-159760","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijpr-159760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cholinergic dysfunction and oxidative stress, creating a need for the development of new therapeutic agents. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds, such as hainanolidol and norwogonin, have shown potential neuroprotective activity.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigates the inhibitory action of these compounds on cholinesterase enzymes and their possible therapeutic application in an AD-like rat model generated by lead acetate (PbAc), a well-known neurotoxicant that mimics AD-associated oxidative damage and cognitive decline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cholinesterase inhibitory activity of nine TCM compounds was assessed in vitro against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), with donepezil and tacrine as controls. Hainanolidol and norwogonin, identified as the most potent inhibitors, were further evaluated in a PbAc-induced AD rat model to assess their neuroprotective effects. Oxidative stress biomarkers malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), cholinesterase activity, and in silico molecular interactions were analyzed, including docking studies, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and ADME-toxicity profiling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hainanolidol and norwogonin showed strong nanomolar-range inhibition of both AChE and BuChE, with considerable IC₅₀ values superior to those of standard inhibitors. In the PbAc-induced AD model, both compounds significantly reduced MDA levels and increased GSH levels, indicating oxidative stress mitigation.The level of cholinesterase activity inhibition was as effective as, or more effective than, the suppression achieved by standard treatments, particularly regarding AChE, thus suggesting enhanced therapeutic potential compared to donepezil. Molecular docking and MD simulations confirmed stable binding interactions with key catalytic residues of AChE and BuChE, reinforcing their inhibitory mechanisms. ADME-toxicity analysis further demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetics and safety profiles.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study concludes that both hainanolidol and norwogonin are worthy of being regarded as dual cholinesterase inhibitors with antioxidant properties, which may serve as alternative therapeutics for AD. The use of PbAc as an AD model underscores the role of environmental neurotoxins in disease pathogenesis, offering insights into novel intervention strategies. Advanced preclinical and clinical studies are needed for further validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"e159760"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12296705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144730966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective Toxicity of Iron, Manganese Oxide Nanostructure and Laser Wave on Colorectal and Breast Cancer Cell.","authors":"Aysan Mansournia, Nasim Nobari, Fatemeh Ghanbary, Behrooz Khezri","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-157301","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijpr-157301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cancer is a deadly and multifaceted disease that poses a significant challenge to treatment due to its heterogeneity and ability to adapt and evolve. Despite advancements in research and medicine, the development of effective treatment options remains a major obstacle in the battle against cancer. Manganese oxide (MnO) and iron (III) oxide (Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used for numerous new applications in modern industrial sectors. However, the toxic and treatment impact of MnO and Fe₂O₃ NPs has not been clearly elucidated on human cell lines at the cellular and molecular levels.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to assess the potential cytotoxic effect of combining infrared (IR) laser therapy with MnO and Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles on breast and colorectal cancer cells for cancer treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We treated the cancer cells with MnO and Fe₂O₃ NPs and then exposed them to IR radiation for 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours to investigate the effectiveness of this cancer treatment approach. To evaluate cytotoxicity, we conducted assessments on Skbr3 and HT29 cancer cells, both individually and in combination, using various methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicate that despite the inherent toxicity of NPs and IR laser radiation on cancer cells, the utilization of MnO and Fe₂O₃ NPs in conjunction with IR laser radiation treatment had the highest cytotoxic impact on cancer cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that using MnO and Fe₂O₃ NPs in combination with IR laser therapy has great potential as an effective method for reducing the population of cancer cells.This revision maintains the original content while ensuring clarity and adherence to the AMA style guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"e157301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12296716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144730988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Parameters and Clinical Outcomes of Vancomycin Administered in Two Different Dosage Regimens in Patients with Acute Kidney Injury.","authors":"Rokhsareh Soufi, Jamshid Salamzadeh, Ilad Alavi Darazam, Mahdi Amirdosara, Masood Zangi, Minoosh Shabani, Legha Lotfollahi, Zahra Sahraei","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-159089","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijpr-159089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vancomycin is commonly used in intensive care units (ICUs), but its optimal dosage in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate vancomycin's pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) properties, therapeutic target attainment area under the curve/minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC/MIC ≥ 400) under two dosage regimens, and the need for dosage adjustments in AKI.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The primary objective was to assess the proportion of patients achieving a therapeutic AUC/MIC ratio of 400 - 600 mg.h/L and to analyze PK/PD parameters, including volume of distribution (Vd), half-life (T½), and elimination constant (K). The secondary objective was to evaluate kidney function decline, the requirement for renal replacement therapy (RRT), and mortality rates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-blind randomized clinical trial (IRCT20130917014693N16) was conducted at Loghman Hakim Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Patients over 18 years of age who received at least four doses of vancomycin and developed AKI were included in the study. Eligible patients were randomly allocated into either the intervention or control groups. The intervention group received vancomycin without any dose adjustment, while the control group's vancomycin dose was adjusted based on daily vancomycin clearance, following the standard protocol in our ICU. Daily serum creatinine, vancomycin peak and trough levels, and clinical outcomes were monitored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty patients were included in the study. There were no significant differences in baseline data between the two groups. Among the 20 patients, the mean AUC/MIC was higher in the intervention group (345.80 ± 31.95) compared to the control group (251.43 ± 83.10, P = 0.005), although the therapeutic target was not achieved in either group. Despite the lower AUC in the control group, mortality rates, AKI progression, and the need for hemodialysis were comparable between groups (P = 0.29).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Full-dose vancomycin increases the likelihood of achieving PD targets like AUC/MIC in AKI patients. Larger studies are warranted to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"e159089"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12297031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144730927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acetylenic Metabolites and a 2-Phenoxychromone Derivative from the Aerial Parts of <i>Artemisia biennis</i>.","authors":"Maryam Najafi, Yalda Shokoohinia, Mahdi Mojarrab","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-160050","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijpr-160050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Artemisia biennis</i> is a weed of several crops, but some valuable biological effects have been reported from its various extracts.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present phytochemical study was carried out on the dichloromethane (DCM) extract of the aerial parts of <i>A. biennis</i>. The prominent cytotoxic and antifungal activities of this extract were previously reported.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The DCM extract was fractionated using vacuum-liquid chromatography (VLC). The selected fractions were purified by VLC and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The structures of the isolated compounds were characterized by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two acetylenic metabolites [(E)-en-yn-dicycloether, (Z)-en-yn-dicycloether], and a 2-phenoxychromone derivative (6-demethoxy-4'-O-methylcapillarisin) were isolated from the DCM extract of <i>A. biennis</i> aerial parts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These two acetylenic metabolites have exhibited various effects on biological systems. The results of this study are in accordance with the reported cytotoxic and antifungal activities of the DCM extract of <i>A. biennis</i>. The chemotaxonomic significance of the isolated compounds is also notable.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"e160050"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12285677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144707492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}