Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research最新文献

{"title":"Resilience in Urban Pharmacies: A Mixed-Methods Model for Performance and Patient Satisfaction During Crises.","authors":"Javad Shamsaee, Farzad Peiravian, Samane Jahanabadi, Mohammad Peikanpour","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-166647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-166647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urban pharmacies are essential for sustaining access to medicines and healthcare services during crises, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The role of pharmacies and the services provided by pharmacists during crises have been relatively underexplored.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to propose a model for reforming pharmaceutical policy to ensure the continuity of pharmacist-led services during crises.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong> In this cross-sectional study, a mixed-methods approach was employed. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 experienced pharmacy experts, and thematic analysis was carried out. In the quantitative phase, structured questionnaires measuring resilience, performance, and satisfaction were distributed to 330 randomly selected pharmacies in Tehran, analyzed using SPSS version 25.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the qualitative phase, the research identified three main themes, including resilience, performance, and patient satisfaction, along with nine subthemes. In the quantitative phase, significant positive correlations were found between pharmacy resilience and performance (R = 0.642), resilience and patient satisfaction (R = 0.496), and a moderate correlation between patient satisfaction and performance (R = 0.334). Partial correlation analysis confirmed the robustness of this model while accounting for potential confounders. Based on the results, a significant difference was observed between manager's gender and pharmacy resilience, performance, and satisfaction of patient. Patient satisfaction was significantly higher in pharmacies managed by male directors compared to those managed by female directors (P < 0.05). A statistically significant association was found between drug availability and pharmacy performance (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pharmacy resilience emerged as a crucial determinant of operational stability and patient-centered outcomes during health emergencies. The proposed model provides a practical framework for strengthening pharmacy readiness, response, recovery, and adaptive growth, with potential applicability to broaden health system resilience efforts. Policymakers and pharmacy managers are encouraged to integrate resilience-building strategies to ensure sustainable performance and patient satisfaction during future crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"e166647"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12915346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146226832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Silico and in vitro Characterization of <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> Bacteriocins as ROR-1-Targeted Therapeutics in Breast Cancer.","authors":"Sara Soheili, Shekufe Rezghi Barez, Seyed Davar Siadat, Seyed Hossein Hejazi, Hamid Abtahi","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-163509","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijpr-163509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The human microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining host health and is involved in various illnesses, including cancer. The intestinal microbiota has been identified as a factor in the development of colorectal carcinoma and breast cancer (BC).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated the anticancer properties of bacteriocins produced by <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i>, specifically their interaction with receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR-1), a protein involved in aggressive BC subtypes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Employing sophisticated computational methodologies, encompassing molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, this research elucidated the dynamic interactions and binding strengths of four distinct bacteriocins - Acidocin A, Acidocin B, Acidocin 8912, and Acidocin J1132β - with the ROR-1 receptor. This observation was substantiated by consistent hydrogen bond formation and low root mean square deviation (RMSD) values throughout the simulation period. Furthermore, the biological activity of crude acidocins was evaluated on the ROR-1-Src signaling axis in Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) and MDA-MB-231 cell lines utilizing Western blot analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings of this research demonstrate that Acidocin A exhibits promise as a prospective therapeutic intervention directed at ROR-1 in BC. Furthermore, the synergistic application of molecular docking, MD simulations, and molecular mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) free energy calculations yielded a thorough elucidation of the underlying interaction mechanisms. The assessment of protein expression levels indicated a significant downregulation of the ROR-1-Src signaling pathway following treatment with Acidocins.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This research highlights the potential of bacteriocins in cancer treatment and adds to evidence linking the microbiota to cancer, establishing new pathways for anticancer therapies from microbial sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"e163509"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12749213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145878352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitotherapy and the Possibility of Energetic Rescue in Evolving Brain Death.","authors":"Ali Dabbagh, Jalal Pourahmad, Amir Farrokhian","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-168337","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijpr-168337","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"e168337"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12749194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145877650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daphnetin Ameliorates the Amyloid β-Induced Alzheimer Disease via Restoring Potassium-Chloride Co-Transporter 2 (KCC2) Ion Channel Functions in Mice.","authors":"Yanyan Zhou, Fang Zhou, Hongbin Li","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-164601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-164601","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by downregulation of potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily a member 2 (KCNA2) proteins. Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily a member 2 is involved in the regulation of neuronal excitability by restoring neuronal potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 (KCC2) functions. Coumarin derivatives exert neuroprotective effects via upregulation of KCC2 proteins. Daphnetin (DPN; 7,8-dihydroxy coumarin) is a polyphenolic compound known to attenuate cognitive dysfunction. However, the role of DPN in the attenuation of AD-associated cognitive dysfunctions through regulation of KCC2 functions has not yet been investigated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;The present study was designed to investigate the role of DPN against amyloid-β oligomer-induced AD in mice.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In this study, a total of six groups with eight male Swiss albino mice per group were used. The simple randomization method was adopted for unbiased assignment of animals based on age, sex, and weight variations. Alzheimer's disease in mice was induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of amyloid-β oligomer (Aβ; 4 μg/4 μL). The test compounds, i.e., DPN (40, 80, and 120 mg/kg of body weight), and donepezil (DP, 2 mg/kg), were administered orally (p.o.) for 21 consecutive days. Behavioral changes, including the Morris water maze (MWM) test, water Y-maze alternation test (WYMA), and novel object recognition test (NORT), were assessed according to the experimental protocol. Furthermore, hippocampal brain tissue biomarkers, namely acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), and KCC2 levels, were also estimated. In addition, Aβ-associated brain histopathological changes were evaluated using the eosin and hematoxylin staining method. Six mouse hippocampus tissue samples were used for the assessment of tissue biomarkers, and the remaining two brain tissues were used for histological observations. Behavioral data were statistically analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and biomarkers were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The 95% confidence level (P &lt; 0.05) was set for confirmation of statistical significance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The results revealed that administration of Aβ enhanced escape latency time (ELT) and reduced time spent in the target quadrant (TSTQ) values in the MWM test; increased transfer latency (TL) values in the WYMA test; and reduced percentage location preference (%LP) while increasing percentage Recognition Index (%RI) in the NORT test. Furthermore, Aβ induced increases in AChE activity and TBARS levels, along with reductions in GSH and KCC2 levels. It also caused neurodegeneration in the CA3 hippocampus region. However, DPN ameliorated the above Aβ-induced changes in cognitive behaviors, biomarkers, and histopathological levels.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"e164601"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12915365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146226857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term Antihyperglycemic and Weight Modulation Effects of <i>Leuenbergeria bleo</i> (Kunth) Lodé: Phytochemical Screening and in vivo Assessment in an Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rat Model.","authors":"Sheryar Afzal, Velaga Venkata Sathya Sai Appalaraju, Ali Attiq, Iram Malik, Ibrahim Albokhadaim, Sameer M Alhojaily, Yuan Seng Wu, Yasir A Almofty, Ahmed Omer Alameen, Ghazi Aljabl","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-164873","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijpr-164873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Leuenbergeria bleo</i>, a medicinal plant with traditional therapeutic uses, has attracted interest for its antidiabetic potential.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study evaluated the antihyperglycemic effects of its leaf extracts in an alloxan-induced diabetic rat model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The leaves of <i>L. bleo</i> were sequentially extracted using petroleum ether, chloroform, and methanol. Phytochemical screening was conducted to identify bioactive compounds such as phytosterols, alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids. Thirty healthy Albino Wistar rats were divided into five groups. Diabetes was induced in four groups via intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (140 mg/kg). The diabetic rats were treated with either chloroform or methanol extracts of <i>L. bleo</i> (500 mg/kg/day) for five days, with metformin (100 mg/kg/day) serving as the standard reference treatment. Blood glucose levels were monitored daily, and body weight was recorded on days 1, 3, and 5.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Methanol extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels by 12.23% by day 5, compared to a 6.35% reduction with chloroform extract. Additionally, the methanol extracts mitigated weight loss, resulting in an 8.07% increase in body weight, while the diabetic control group experienced a 26.72% decrease. The effects of the methanol extract were comparable to metformin, though slightly less potent. <i>Leuenbergeria bleo</i> exhibits modest antihyperglycemic potential, particularly in its methanol extract, which also stabilizes body weight in diabetic rats.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The presence of flavonoids and alkaloids likely contributes to these effects. Further research is warranted to elucidate the exact mechanisms and explore <i>L. bleo</i>'s potential as a natural alternative therapy for diabetes management.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"e164873"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12749203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145878255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomolecular Insights Into the Antifungal Activity of <i>Allium</i> Species Constituents: From Mechanisms to Applications.","authors":"Saeid Eslami, Behzad Zolfaghari, Masoud Sadeghi Dinani, Mustafa Ghanadian","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-162031","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijpr-162031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>This review explores the antifungal potential of <i>Allium</i> species, emphasizing pure compounds identified through phytochemical studies. It also analyzes the mechanisms and efficacy of <i>Allium</i>-derived antifungal agents within pharmaceutical, agricultural, and food science applications.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the antifungal properties of major <i>Allium</i> species and their bioactive compounds, and to evaluate their mechanisms of action and effectiveness across pharmaceutical treatments, agricultural pathogen control, and food preservation.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted using major scientific databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Studies reporting antifungal activities of major <i>Allium</i> species and their isolated compounds were selected based on PRISMA guidelines.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Data were extracted from recent research focusing on the antifungal effects, mechanisms of action, and minimum inhibitory concentrations of sulfur compounds and saponins derived from <i>Allium</i> species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sulfur-containing compounds such as allicin and ajoene were found to disrupt fungal cell metabolism, destabilize cellular structures, and induce oxidative stress. These compounds showed strong activity against pathogens including <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>. Saponins were also identified as key antifungal agents, with spirostane and spirostanol saponins from species like <i>A. ampeloprasum</i> and <i>A. porrum</i> demonstrating activity against <i>C. albicans</i>, <i>A. niger</i>, and <i>Fusarium culmorum</i>. Additional saponins - such as Fistoloside C, Minutoside B, and Ceposide variants - exhibited promising antifungal potential, particularly in combination therapies. Reported minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 0.15 µg/mL for sulfur compounds to 3.1-800+ µg/mL for saponins.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Saponins from <i>Allium</i> species represent promising adjuncts for overcoming antifungal drug resistance and may expand treatment options beyond traditional sulfur-derived compounds. These bioactive molecules also show potential for agricultural use against soil-borne pathogens like <i>F. oxysporum</i>, as well as food preservation applications against spoilage fungi such as <i>Penicillium italicum</i> and <i>A. niger</i>. Overall, <i>Allium</i> species constitute a valuable natural source of antifungal agents with broad pharmaceutical and agricultural relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"e162031"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12748888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145878340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Concern for Interfering with Lipid Raft Association: A Mechanism to Control Influenza Virus Infection By <i>Sambucus nigra</i> [Iran J Pharm Res. 2017; 16 (3): e124953].","authors":"Editor-In-Chief Ijpr","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-168991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-168991","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"e168991"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12749231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146051993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pin1 as a Central Modulator of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Pulmonary Fibrosis: Interplay with EBV-LMP1 and Therapeutic Implications.","authors":"Xiaodan Jiao, Jin Yingli, Yanchao Liu, Hong Jiang Yan, Pei Wang, Yadong Yuan","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-160860","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijpr-160860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterized by dysregulated signaling, with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway playing a critical role. Pin1, a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, is implicated in post-translational modifications and cellular signaling.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study explores the expression, localization, and functional role of Pin1 in regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5 cells). These cells, derived from normal lung tissue, are commonly used to model fibrotic processes due to their ability to mimic fibroblast behavior in PF. Importantly, we report the first demonstration of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1)-mediated Pin1 activation in the context of PF. Notably, we demonstrate that EBV-LMP1 activates Pin1 and amplifies Wnt/β-catenin signaling in fibroblasts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed a combination of Pin1 overexpression and siRNA-mediated knockdown in MRC-5 cells to assess pathway modulation. Subcellular localization analysis was performed, and pathway output was evaluated by quantifying β-catenin, cyclin D1, and Axin2 via Western blotting. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was used to examine the Pin1-β-catenin interaction. To examine viral contributions, LMP1 overexpression was carried out, and pharmacological inhibition of Pin1 was achieved using Juglone and PiB.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pin1 expression was significantly higher in MRC-5 cells compared to alveolar epithelial cells, with a 2.5-fold increase in protein levels (P < 0.05). Pin1 was localized to both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Overexpression of Pin1 led to an approximately two-fold increase in β-catenin (192%), cyclin D1 (178%), and Axin2 (165%) expression compared to controls (P < 0.01), while knockdown reduced their levels by 60%, 55%, and 63%, respectively (P < 0.01). The LMP1 overexpression increased Pin1 by 1.8-fold, strengthened its interaction with β-catenin, and amplified Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Treatment with Wnt3a further enhanced β-catenin expression by 2.4-fold, while XAV939 reduced it by 66% (P < 0.01). Pharmacological inhibition of Pin1 using Juglone and PiB significantly suppressed pathway activation, including LMP1-induced enhancement, with reductions in β-catenin levels by 68% and 72%, respectively (P < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pin1 is a critical regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in PF, integrating signals from viral and cellular modulators. This study provides novel evidence of EBV-LMP1's role in activating Pin1 in lung fibroblasts, reinforcing its value as a therapeutic target. Pin1 inhibitors effectively downregulate this signaling cascade, even under hyperactive conditions, highlighting their therapeutic potential for PF treatment. While Pin1 inhibitors effectively downregulate this signaling cascade even under hyperactive conditions, their therapeutic potential remains to be validated in preclinical models.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"e160860"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12748884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145878019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Optimization of Chitosan/Montmorillonite Nanoparticle for Sustained Vancomycin Delivery in Peri-implantitis.","authors":"Shima Esmailzadeh, Taherehsadat Jafarzadeh, Mohammad Moazen","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-161934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-161934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dental implants are increasingly utilized to replace lost teeth; however, peri-implantitis - a condition primarily caused by bacterial plaque - poses substantial challenges to maintaining implant success and the health of surrounding tissues. Effective management strategies, including localized antibiotic delivery, are essential.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to investigate an innovative treatment for peri-implantitis utilizing a chitosan-based nanocarrier formulated with montmorillonite and vancomycin (CS/MMT/VAN). The focus is on optimizing the formulation to enhance antibiotic therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Optimization of various nanoparticle concentrations and ratios was performed using design of experiment (DoE) software to ensure efficient drug delivery. Characterization of the nanoparticles was performed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Polydispersity Index (PDI), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The nanoparticles were synthesized via electrospray and incorporated into a sol-gel carrier system. Additionally, a thermo-responsive gel was developed to evaluate its gelling properties and potential as a delivery medium. In vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxicity assays were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study demonstrated nanoparticle sizes ranging from 117 to 389 nm with encapsulation efficiency (EE) between 52% and 88%. The optimized CS/MMT/VAN formulation contained 2.45% CS, a polymer-to-drug (P/D) ratio of 2.21%, and a CS-to-clay ratio of 2.43%. This formulation exhibited a sustained vancomycin (VAN) release profile, characterized by an initial burst followed by prolonged release over 21 days. Characterization confirmed an average particle size of approximately 300 nm and EE close to 85%. In vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxicity assays further validated the efficacy and safety of the formulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The developed CS-based nanocarrier demonstrates significant potential in the management of peri-implantitis through its effective drug delivery mechanism. Further clinical evaluation is warranted to ascertain its efficacy in in vivo applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"e161934"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12914979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146226903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effects of Berberine-Loaded Black Seed (<i>Nigella sativa</i> L.) Oil Nanoemulsion in the Atherosclerotic Mouse Model.","authors":"Nasim Darjani, Negar Panahi, Pejman Mortazavi, Mohammad Kazem Koohi","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-162867","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijpr-162867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigated atherosclerosis (AS), a pivotal contributor to the onset of coronary artery disease and other cardiovascular ailments.‎.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The presents study examined a novel therapeutic strategy combining black seed oil [<i>Nigella sativa</i> L. (NS)] and berberine (BBR) in a C57BL/6J mouse model of AS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After preparing the NS nanoemulsion, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for analysis. A BBR-loaded black seed oil-based nanoemulsion (BBS) was developed and evaluated for its thermodynamic stability, viscosity, particle size, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) properties. Forty-eight male C57BL/6J mice (8 weeks old, 18 - 20 g) were divided into six groups and fed a modified AIN-76 diet with 25% dietary fat for 16 weeks to induce AS. Treatment began after 8 weeks through oral gavage for the remaining 8 weeks. Levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol were measured, along with the atherogenic coefficient and cardiac risk ratio. We also quantified malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT) activities, and assessed pathological changes in cardiac and aortic tissues using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The GC-MS analysis confirmed that NS oil met quality benchmarks, displaying stability with a zeta potential of -18.4 mV. The study showed a Polydispersity Index (PDI) of 0.3019 and a Z-average of 250.4 nm. The BBS improved lipid profiles in mice, increasing HDL and decreasing LDL, TG, and total cholesterol, thereby reducing cardiac risk. The formulation exhibited strong antioxidant effects, with reduced MDA levels and enhanced SOD, GPX, and CAT activities. Pathological observations supported these biochemical results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that BBS offers valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying atherosclerotic disease. This understanding could pave the way for novel approaches to cardiovascular health and the development of effective preventive strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"e162867"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12748880/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145878110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}