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Legislative Issue Advertising in the 108th Congress Pluralism or Peril? 第108届国会立法议题广告:多元还是危险?
The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics Pub Date : 2006-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/1081180X06293080
Erika Falk, Erin Grizard, Gordon McDonald
{"title":"Legislative Issue Advertising in the 108th Congress Pluralism or Peril?","authors":"Erika Falk, Erin Grizard, Gordon McDonald","doi":"10.1177/1081180X06293080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1081180X06293080","url":null,"abstract":"Legislative issue advertisements (also called “pure” issue ads) are ads about issues of public policy and not products or candidates. As such, they are not regulated under federal campaign finance laws. This study estimates the cost in air time and print space of legislative print and television issue ads that ran in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area during the 108th Congress.The authors identified 67,653 ads with an estimated cost of $404 million.The bulk of ad spending was concentrated among a small group of sponsors. One percent of organizations accounted for 57 percent of the total spending. Business interests outspent citizen/cause interests by more than five to one.All told, 94 percent of the specific issues examined were the subject of unbalanced persuasive efforts.The authors also analyzed spending in relation to reported lobbying expenditures. Results are interpreted in the context of traditional theories about the role of pluralism in insuring a healthy democracy.","PeriodicalId":145232,"journal":{"name":"The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126436391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Political and Media Systems Matter 政治和媒体系统很重要
The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics Pub Date : 2006-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/1081180X06293549
J. Strömbäck, D. Dimitrova
{"title":"Political and Media Systems Matter","authors":"J. Strömbäck, D. Dimitrova","doi":"10.1177/1081180X06293549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1081180X06293549","url":null,"abstract":"This study compares the news coverage of election campaigns in three Swedish newspapers at the time of the 2002 national election and three U.S. newspapers at the time of the 2004 presidential election. The results from the content analysis show that the metaframe of politics as a strategic game was more common in the U.S. newspapers, while the metaframe of politics as issues was more common in the Swedish newspapers. U.S. articles were also more likely to use the horse-race and political strategy frames. While U.S. coverage was predominantly descriptive in focus, an interpretive journalistic style was more often dominant in the Swedish articles. The results also show that the U.S. news stories were triggered by the words and actions of the campaigns more often than the Swedish news stories.","PeriodicalId":145232,"journal":{"name":"The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134392494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 147
Index to the Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics 哈佛国际新闻/政治杂志索引
The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics Pub Date : 2006-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/1081180x0601100410
{"title":"Index to the Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/1081180x0601100410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1081180x0601100410","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":145232,"journal":{"name":"The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124335883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of News Coverage Concerning the Opponents' Reaction to a Concession on Its Evaluation in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict 巴以冲突中对手对让步反应的新闻报道对其评价的影响
The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics Pub Date : 2006-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/1081180X06293548
Ifat Maoz
{"title":"The Effect of News Coverage Concerning the Opponents' Reaction to a Concession on Its Evaluation in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict","authors":"Ifat Maoz","doi":"10.1177/1081180X06293548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1081180X06293548","url":null,"abstract":"This research studied the effect of news coverage on evaluation of concessions offered in negotiation. Specifically, it examined the influence of a press report concerning the opponents' reaction to a proposed concession—stating that the opponent has rejected the concession or that the opponent has accepted it—on the evaluation of a concession in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.The research also examined the effects of the political affiliation of respondents—as hawks or as doves in the conflict—on their evaluation of the concession. An experimental design was employed in which Israeli-Jewish respondents read a news report that described a concession proposed by the Israelis in the Israeli-Palestinian negotiations. In line with the research hypotheses, the findings demonstrated the operation of a reactive reevaluation effect,whereby Israeli-Jewish respondents evaluated a compromise proposal more positively when it was framed in the news press report as rejected by the Palestinians than when the same compromise was framed as having been accepted by the Palestinians.This bias was also found to affect dovish respondents, while hawkish respondents were not affected by the news coverage concerning the opponents’ response to a concession.","PeriodicalId":145232,"journal":{"name":"The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125592591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Taking the “Low Road” with Subliminal AdvertisementsA Study Testing the Effect of Precognitive Prime “RATS” in a 2000 Presidential Advertisement 在潜意识广告中走“低路”——2000年一则总统广告中“大鼠”的预知性启动效应测试研究
The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics Pub Date : 2006-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/1081180X06293938
P. Stewart, J. Schubert
{"title":"Taking the “Low Road” with Subliminal AdvertisementsA Study Testing the Effect of Precognitive Prime “RATS” in a 2000 Presidential Advertisement","authors":"P. Stewart, J. Schubert","doi":"10.1177/1081180X06293938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1081180X06293938","url":null,"abstract":"Despite extensive research successfully using subliminals to affect individual attitudes, public understanding and public policy response reflect a lack of awareness of their effectiveness.This article attempts to redress this by presenting findings concerning the effectiveness of one class of subliminal stimuli, precognitive primes. It then considers the effect of the controversial “RATS” subliminal political advertisement. Here the term “RATS” appeared on screen for one frame, that is, one-thirtieth of a second, as part of an attack ad by the Republican National Committee criticizing presidential candidate Al Gore's prescription drug plan. An experiment carried out on Election Day 2000 presented the advertisement with or without the RATS frame, as well as a parallel Medicare ad by the Gore campaign, to subjects. Findings suggest that while evaluations and behavioral intentions were not significantly affected, attitudes toward Medicare, the political parties, and Al Gore were significantly affected by the subliminal stimulus.The experiment was small in scale, so the findings are far from definitive. But they suggest a need for further research on the topic.","PeriodicalId":145232,"journal":{"name":"The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114467615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Bridging the Divide 弥合分歧
The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics Pub Date : 2006-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/1081180X06293003
C. Grose
{"title":"Bridging the Divide","authors":"C. Grose","doi":"10.1177/1081180X06293003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1081180X06293003","url":null,"abstract":"Are minority press outlets more likely to provide coverage of minority legislators than white legislators? Does this coverage translate across racial and ethnic lines? This article assesses whether minority members of the 107th Congress (2001–02) are covered by minority media sources more than white legislators. The author examines the frequency of media coverage of Latino,African-American, and Asian-American legislators in the Latino press, the African-American press, and the Asian-American press.The author argues and finds that minority elected officials are more likely to receive coverage in newspapers geared specifically to minority communities. Minority legislators are more likely to be covered by minority media, and these results are robust across minority media.The author also finds that minority media are more likely to give coverage to legislators from other minority groups as well. African-American and Latino legislators receive more coverage from Latino media outlets than other legislators,while the same results are found for African-American media outlets. Asian-American media outlets are more likely to cover both Asian-American and African-American legislators.","PeriodicalId":145232,"journal":{"name":"The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132546977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
National Interest Frames and Public Opinion about World Affairs 国家利益框架与公众对世界事务的看法
The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics Pub Date : 2006-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/1081180X06293725
P. Brewer
{"title":"National Interest Frames and Public Opinion about World Affairs","authors":"P. Brewer","doi":"10.1177/1081180X06293725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1081180X06293725","url":null,"abstract":"This study used an experiment to examine whether—and if so, how—national interest frames in media coverage influence public opinion about world affairs. Compared to participants in a control condition, those who read a news article framing China as a competitor to the United States held less favorable opinions regarding China. In contrast, participants who read an article about common Chinese and American interests held particularly favorable opinions regarding China. Compared to baseline participants, those who read about common Russian and American interests held more favorable opinions regarding Russia—as did participants who read about the possibility for mutually beneficial exchange between the United States and Russia. Taken as a whole, the findings suggest that national interest frames in media coverage resonate with ordinary citizens.","PeriodicalId":145232,"journal":{"name":"The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133040834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 62
Minority Candidates, Media Framing, and Racial Cues in the 2004 Election 2004年大选中的少数族裔候选人、媒体框架和种族线索
The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics Pub Date : 2006-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/1081180X06293551
Stephen M. Caliendo, Charlton D. McIlwain
{"title":"Minority Candidates, Media Framing, and Racial Cues in the 2004 Election","authors":"Stephen M. Caliendo, Charlton D. McIlwain","doi":"10.1177/1081180X06293551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1081180X06293551","url":null,"abstract":"Rooted in political communication models of framing and priming and a rather unique theory of appeals to racial authenticity, the authors examine minority candidates in both majority-minority and majority-white districts during the 2004 election cycle.They explore and analyze potential framing and priming effects based on variations of candidates’ media coverage in a number of campaign scenarios. Results suggest that racial references are commonplace in biracial election contests (and are more likely to occur there than in all-white contests). Furthermore, newspaper coverage of biracial and all-black elections is more likely to contain a racial frame than stories about all-white races. The authors conclude with a discussion of the normative implications of these findings, as well as suggestions for further examination and testing.","PeriodicalId":145232,"journal":{"name":"The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124068188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 62
Winning Coverage 赢得覆盖
The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics Pub Date : 2006-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/1081180X06293069
Maryann Barakso, Brian F. Schaffner
{"title":"Winning Coverage","authors":"Maryann Barakso, Brian F. Schaffner","doi":"10.1177/1081180X06293069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1081180X06293069","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary feminist scholars and activists often criticize the women's movement for focusing on a narrow agenda that does not represent the true needs of American women.Yet a review of the agendas of women's movement organizations reveals a broad concern for many of the issues that they are criticized for ignoring. What explains this disconnect? The authors argue that the news media plays a crucial role in shaping the perceptions of social movements by choosing to cover some agendas and not others.Analyzing coverage of women's movement organizations in television and print news media, the authors find that reporters have exercised a great deal of discretion over which women's movement issues they have chosen to report on during the past three decades. In particular, this has led to overrepresentation of the abortion issue in news coverage of women's movement organizations and an underrepresentation of issues that women believe should be more of a priority for the movement. The authors’ findings underscore the importance of the news media not only for bringing attention to social movements, but also for how they portray the issue agendas of these movements.","PeriodicalId":145232,"journal":{"name":"The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114883153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 35
Minorities in the Official Media 官方媒体中的少数民族
The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics Pub Date : 2006-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/1081180X06293728
Matthew Hoddie
{"title":"Minorities in the Official Media","authors":"Matthew Hoddie","doi":"10.1177/1081180X06293728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1081180X06293728","url":null,"abstract":"This article documents and provides an explanation for changing levels of government attention to minority populations in the People's Republic of China. Employing a content analysis of People's Daily (Renmin Ribao) newspapers published between 1949 and 1989, the author demonstrates that a relationship exists between periods of heightened interethnic tensions and greater levels of official media attention to minority groups.This proves true even though the news items published in the wake of minority-centered protests and violence typically do not describe acts of opposition. The author further finds that the state's favored propaganda tactic when confronting ethnic-based resistance movements is to emphasize the economic and social benefits enjoyed by minorities under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. The article concludes by considering the implications of these findings for understanding the relationship between authoritarian governments and their minority populations.","PeriodicalId":145232,"journal":{"name":"The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116249028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
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