Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Designing the Minimum Data Set for National Scorpion Sting Registry in Iran.","authors":"Mehraban Shahi, Mehran Shahi, Farid Khorrami, Nasrin Davaridolatabadi","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2024.103365.3657","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2024.103365.3657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Scorpion stings are one of the major medical problems in tropical and subtropical regions of underdeveloped countries, causing several complications including severe local skin reactions, renal, neurological, cardiovascular, and respiratory complications, and sometimes death. The present study attempted to develop a minimum data set for a national registry of scorpion stings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted from 2022 to 2023 in two phases. First, information relevant to the data elements was extracted from scientific and medical databases such as PubMed Central/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, SID, and Cochrane Library. In the second step, a Delphi questionnaire was developed using the information obtained in the first step and given to five experts. Two Delphi steps were used to determine the minimum data set for scorpion stings. Data analysis in both steps was performed using descriptive statistics in SPSS software (version 22).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of data elements was 124 items in eight sections, including demographic information, scorpion characteristics, time and place of sting data, patient history, clinical signs and symptoms, medicine, tests, admission, and discharge information.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The design of the minimum data set of scorpion stings can help in timely access to medical records, registration of information related to patient care, and patient follow-up. By ensuring continuous care for patients and recording their information in a valid database, communication among care providers can be enhanced. This approach also allows for analysis of care effectiveness for patient and the broader community affected by scorpion stings.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"50 6","pages":"386-392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12235277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144600396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repair of Rectovaginal Fistulas with Martius Flap and Concomitant Levatoroplasty: A Ten-year Experience in a Tertiary Center.","authors":"Adel Zeinalpour, Armin Mohammadi, Ali Reza Safarpour, Sara Shojaei-Zarghani, Seyede Saeideh Shahidinia, Seyed Vahid Hosseini","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2024.103768.3711","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2024.103768.3711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the treatment of low- and mid-complex rectovaginal fistulas (RVF), the use of the Martius flap between the vagina and rectum following fistula repair was shown to enhance healing rates. This study reported long-term outcomes from a referral colorectal center, focusing on the use of the Martius flap for managing low- and mid-complex RVFs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included eligible patients who underwent Martius flap repair at Shahid Faghihi Hospital (Shiraz, Iran), between 2013 and 2023. Continence status and sexual function were assessed using the Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score (CCIS) and the female sexual function index (FSFI) score. Fistula recurrence was defined as the postoperative passage of gas, feces, or mucosal discharge from the vagina. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. Within-group comparisons were conducted using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and between-group analyses were performed using independent samples <i>t</i> tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and Fisher's exact tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 27 cases, 37% were classified as low RVF and 63% as mid RVF. Recurrent RVF was observed in 63% of patients, with a median of 2.00 previous fistula surgeries (interquartile range [IQR]=1.50-4.50). After a median follow-up of 48 months (IQR=24.00-84.00), the total success rate was 88.9%. The CCIS significantly decreased postoperatively compared to preoperative levels (P=0.003). Postoperative FSFI scores were within an acceptable range (22.2±4.22).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Martius flap procedure was safe, with low morbidity and favorable functional and cosmetic outcomes. It could be considered a first-line treatment option for low- and mid-complex RVFs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"50 6","pages":"416-422"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12235272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144600397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological Considerations in \"Associated Factors for Erectile Dysfunction in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease\": Letter to the Editor.","authors":"Kamyab Shahrivar","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105915.3996","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105915.3996","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"50 5","pages":"359-362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurocognitive Insights into Child Sexual Abuse Perpetrators: Understanding Cognitive and Emotional Profiles: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Mohsen Daneshvari, Mohammad Nami, Arsalan Ashrafi, Sayyed Hamid Najibi, Roohollah Zahedian Nasb, Ebrahim Moghimi Sarani","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2024.103138.3633","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2024.103138.3633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Child sexual abuse (CSA) is one of the most sensitive crimes in the world. Some perpetrators of CSA suffer from paraphilic disorders, including pedophilia (PE). This research is designed and implemented with the aim of neurocognitive evaluation of CSA perpetrators.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case-control study was conducted over a period of 6 months from October 2022 to the end of March 2023 in Shiraz, Iran on the Experimental group (EG) (CSA perpetrators) (n=12) and the Control group (CG) (n=13). During these evaluations, information was obtained about sexual orientation, history of sexual activity, cognitive distortions, and cognitive performance of both groups. Physiological arousal factors were also measured using a polygraph device while participants viewed half-naked digital paintings of immature and adult individuals. Additionally, the study utilized functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure hemodynamic changes in the left frontal pole (Fp1) and the right frontal pole (Fp2) while participants performed the Stroop task (ST).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to CG, EG showed a greater tendency towards homosexuality in the past (P=0.017), present (P=0.019), and ideal (P=0.022). Using the mini-mental state examination, cognitive distortion was shown more common in the EG group (P=0.001). Additionally, there was a significant relationship between sexual abuse between the ages of 12 and 16 and committing a crime (P=0.041). Cognitive performance during ST was poorer in EG than CG. Moreover, in the statistical comparison between groups, the amount of oxyhemoglobin (HbO) and deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) was significantly different in areas Fp1 (HbO: P=0.006 and HbR: P=0.014) and Fp2 (HbO: P=0.008 and HbR: P=0.005). Based on polygraph data, EG exhibited less emotional control than CG when viewing half-nude images of children (skin conductance: P<0.001 and heart rate: P=0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the results of this study, the CSA perpetrators seem to have a poorer neurocognitive function than the control group.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"50 5","pages":"304-315"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Using Standard Deviation or Standard Error of the Mean.","authors":"Farrokh Habibzadeh","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.106283.4041","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2025.106283.4041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mean value is commonly used as a measure of central tendency. It is frequently reported along with either the standard deviation (SD) or the standard error of the mean (SEM). While the SD reflects the dispersion of the data in both the sample and population, SEM indicates the precision of the mean. SEM is not commonly used in reporting science; however, the 95% confidence interval, which is calculated based on SEM, is frequently reported in scientific literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"50 5","pages":"274-277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving HbA1c Levels by Methylcobalamin Vitamin in Diabetic Volunteers, Combined with Dapagliflozin as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Routine Treatment: A Controlled Randomized, Double-blind Trial.","authors":"Walid Aburayyan, Zainab Zakaraya, Mohammed Hamad, Ibrahim S Majali, Wael Abu Dayyih, Nesrin Seder, Haneen Alkhadeir, Anas Khaleel","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2024.101606.3423","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2024.101606.3423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes mellitus is predominantly a growing global problem interconnected proportionally with obesity escalation. The current study evaluated the prognostic implications of vitamin B12 administration on Body Mass Index (BMI) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in type 2 diabetic patients treated with dapagliflozin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this controlled randomized, double-blind trial, 160 patients for each arm were enrolled from July 2022 to June 2023 in Amman, Jordan.; 76 females and 84 males with inclusion criteria of vitamin B12 less than 233 ng/ml, age between 19-76 years, HbA1c range between 6.8-9.1%, and BMI less than 35. Group I received only dapagliflozin 10 mg/daily for a period of 12 months, whereas, group II received vitamin B12 supplements, methylcobalamin 500 µg, once daily with dapagliflozin 10 mg/day. HbA1c, Vitamin B12, and BMI were measured at time intervals of 0, 6, and 12 months. Using SPSS version 23, P values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. The continuous variables were reported as median and IQR. Mann-Whitney-u test and Correlations Spearman's rho were used for continuous variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The co-administration of vitamin B12 significantly decreased the levels of HbA1c in group II (54 participants) to 6.66±0.643 by 0.6 %, <i>F</i>(2,78)=172, P<0.001, compared to the subjects in group I (6.92±0.434). A significant impact of vitamin B12 administration on BMI lowering was observed at different time intervals during the study (P=0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The co-administration of vitamin B12 as a supplement for diabetic patients improved BMI and HbA1c levels.<b>Trial Registration Number:</b> NCT06241638.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"50 5","pages":"324-333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bayesian Spatial Analysis of the Incidence Rate of Patients with Breast Cancer in Southern Iran.","authors":"Abbas Rezaianzadeh, Mahnaz Hosseini-Bensenjan, Sepideh Sephidbakht, Sezaneh Haghpanah, Zahra Khosravizadegan, Naeimehossadat Asmarian, Mani Ramzi","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2024.102475.3546","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2024.102475.3546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the female population, breast cancer is the most common cancer and a leading cause of cancer death. This study was designed to investigate the geographical pattern of breast cancer risk in different counties of Fars province in the south of Iran from 2001 to 2018.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this historical cohort study, data of Shiraz Population-Based Cancer Registry between 2001 and 2018 was used. The geographical variations of breast cancer incidence rate in 36 counties of Fars province were analyzed using the Bayesian spatiotemporal model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the averages of relative risk (RR), temporal trend (TT), and δ_i for breast cancer were 1.59, 1.025, and 0.00 in the total female population; 1.21, 1.002, and 0.00 in the young female population (under 40 years of age); and 1.54, 1.02, and 0.00 in the female population with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), respectively. The steady increase in RR of breast cancer and IDC during 2001-2018 was observed in most counties located in the non-central part of the Fars geographic map. Moreover, a steady increase of young breast cancer RR was observed mainly in southern regions and some northern cities of Fars province.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Between 2001 and 2018 in Fars province, a steady annual increase of approximately 2% was observed in the total female population for all types of breast cancer, including IDC. High-risk areas, TTs, and changing patterns of breast cancer incidence were determined in this region. Furthermore, areas with a high risk of young breast cancer were identified, which requires special attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"50 5","pages":"316-323"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering Novel Anti-Lung Cancer Compounds: Insights from Marine Sponge-Derived Agents: A Bibliometric Review.","authors":"Afshin Zare, Alireza Afshar, Nadiar M Mussin, Asset A Kaliyev, Raisa A Aringazina, Nader Tanideh, Mahdi Mahdipour, Farhad Rahmanifar, Zhanna Zhussupova, Beibyt Tlektesuly Baizakov, Amin Tamadon","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2024.103270.3646","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2024.103270.3646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, necessitating improved treatment strategies. This study collectively highlights the valuable potential of marine sponges as a source for discovering new anti-tumor agents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a bibliometric analysis to identify anticancer compounds from marine sponges using PubMed (2018-2023). The search included keywords such as \"marine sponge,\" \"cancer,\" \"neoplasm,\" \"proliferation,\" \"cytotoxicity,\" \"tumor,\" \"sesquiterpene,\" \"alkaloid,\" and \"quinones.\" Inclusion criteria focused on studies related to lung cancer and marine sponge-derived compounds, excluding non-cytotoxic activities and unrelated species. Data were extracted in comma-separated values (CSV) format and analyzed via VOSviewer. Molecular docking identified compounds with strong binding to apoptotic receptors in lung cancer cells. PROTOX and Way2Drug tools predicted the pharmacological properties of selected compounds as potential drugs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The bibliometric analysis identified alkaloids, sesquiterpenes, and quinones as key keywords. Dactyloquinone B-D, dysidavarone D, smenohamien F, and sollasin E demonstrated strong binding to apoptotic receptors in lung cancer cells, suggesting potential as anti-lung cancer drugs. Pharmacological analyses revealed promising effects and potential side effects, highlighting their suitability for further drug development. These findings provide a foundation for novel targeted therapies for lung cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the potential of alkaloids and sesquiterpenes derived from marine sponges as promising anti-lung cancer agents, emphasizing the need for further <i>in vitro</i>, <i>in vivo</i>, and clinical investigations to validate their therapeutic efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"50 5","pages":"278-303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of <i>CYP2D6</i> Gene Variant Frequencies in Iranian Population.","authors":"Mahsa Hokmabadi, Elnaz Asadifard, Sepideh Arbabi-Bidgoli, Anoosh Naghavi, Mandana Hasanzad","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2024.102645.3570","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2024.102645.3570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The cytochrome P450 (P450s or CYPs) enzyme family, particularly <i>CYP2D6</i>, significantly influences drug metabolism, handling approximately 20-25% of prescribed medications. Understanding genetic polymorphisms is crucial for personalized medicine and optimizing drug therapy in specific geographic and racial contexts. Given the complex nature of studying <i>CYP2D6</i> genotypes, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of rare <i>CYP2D6</i> star alleles, including rs267608319 (<i>CYP2D6</i>*31), rs1931013246 (<i>CYP2D6</i>*55), rs569439709 (<i>CYP2D6</i>*113), and rs747089665 (<i>CYP2D6</i>*135), within the Iranian population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood samples were obtained from 389 individuals across several ethnic groups in Tehran, Iran, from May to December 2022. PCR was used to amplify the region containing the desired variant. Genotyping was performed using the Sanger sequencing method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis revealed a high frequency of normal alleles for all four studied variants, indicating the absence of the risk allele in the Iranian population. These findings suggest that the studied alleles have no apparent effect on various ethnic groups in Iran.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Iranian population has a typical genetic makeup for <i>CYP2D6</i> variations, impacting medication prescribing. Understanding genetic differences is crucial for personalized drug therapies. Further research into Iranian genetic variations is essential for advancing personalized medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"50 5","pages":"351-358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ameliorative Effect of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Exosomes in Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis by Simultaneously Enhancing Autophagic Flux and Suppressing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.","authors":"Zahra Moayedfard, Kamran Bagheri Lankarani, Ali Akbar Alizadeh, Ali Akbar Nekooeian, Mahintaj Dara, Farhad Koohpeyma, Shima Parsa, Saman Nikeghbalian, Arghavan Hosseinpouri, Negar Azarpira","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2024.103376.3660","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2024.103376.3660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to the scarcity of treatment options, managing the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) from steatosis to cirrhosis necessitates innovative approaches. This study focused on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, and autophagy as key mechanisms in NAFLD pathogenesis. It also highlighted the potential of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) and their exosomes as promising therapeutic options.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted at the Department of Regenerative Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, (Shiraz, Iran) from November 2021 to December 2023. The mice (n=32) were divided into four groups: control, high-fat diet (HFD) without treatment, HFD with AD-MSCs treatment, and HFD with AD-MSCs-derived exosomes groups. The mice were fed HFD for 8 weeks. They received MSC and exosomes for the last 3 weeks. One week after the final injection, mice were tested for serum testing, stereological analysis, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The data were analyzed using the Graph-Pad Prism software by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey analysis as a <i>post hoc</i> comparison between groups. P<0.05 indicated a significant difference.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AD-MSCs-exosomes significantly reduced ER stress indicators (<i>IRE1α</i> [P=0.0001], <i>PERK</i> [P=0.0006], <i>ATF6</i> [P=0.0001], and <i>GRP78</i> [P=0.0001]), apoptosis markers (<i>Bax</i> [P=0.005] and <i>Cas3</i> [P=0.001]), and autophagic flux markers (<i>P62</i> [P=0.0001] and <i>LC3B/A</i> [P=0.003]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this investigation, AD-MSCs-exosomes significantly restored autophagy and suppressed unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways in the early stages of NAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"50 5","pages":"334-350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}