Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Personalization of Neonatal Vaccination Timings Based on Established Evidence.","authors":"Manica Negahdaripour","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2026.51511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/ijms.2026.51511","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"51 2","pages":"81-83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12929906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147305486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Persian Syncope Functional Status Questionnaire: A Validity and Reliability Study.","authors":"Shayan MirShafiee, Somayyeh Moradi, Ali Mehrakizadeh, Reza Mazaheri, Masih Tajdini, Reza Mollazadeh","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.106804.4115","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2025.106804.4115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Syncope is defined as a transient loss of consciousness, with vasovagal syncope (VVS) being the most common cause. Although VVS episodes are typically self-limiting, they can significantly impact patients' quality of life. The syncope functional status questionnaire (SFSQ) is an internationally standardized tool designed to assess two major health dimensions: the physical and psychosocial domains. This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the SFSQ into Persian and assess its validity and reliability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted in Tehran, Iran, between October 2022 and January 2023. It consisted of three phases: first, the translation and cultural adaptation of the questionnaire into Persian; second, an assessment of the comprehensibility of the pre-final version through a pilot study involving 50 individuals; and third, an evaluation of the reliability and validity of the final translated version. We assessed test-retest reliability, content validity, and convergent validity by examining the correlations between the dimensions of the translated SFSQ and other relevant measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 50 patients, 26 were women, and 24 were men. The mean age of the participants was 26.5±5.5 years. Test-retest reliability was good, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.84. Both face validity and content validity index (CVI) were deemed acceptable, with a misunderstanding index of 18% (below the 20% significance threshold) and a CVI of 92% (above the 88% significance threshold for all questions).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Persian version of the SFSQ was found to be a reliable and valid tool for data collection in patients with syncope. This instrument represents a significant step toward standardizing syncope-related research.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"51 2","pages":"137-144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12929903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147305895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antitumor Effects of Apatinib on Tongue Cancer in Patient-Derived Xenograft Models.","authors":"Yiping Sun, Yuqi Xin, Yuanqiao He, Junyao Liu, Xiaoping Hu","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.106422.4059","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2025.106422.4059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tongue cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the oral and maxillofacial region. Novel effective therapies are urgently needed. Apatinib, a small-molecule antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has demonstrated efficacy in gastric cancer, but its role in tongue cancer remains unclear. This study evaluated the antitumor effects and mechanisms of apatinib using patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of tongue cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fresh tumor tissues from two tongue cancer patients (Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, 2019-2021) were subcutaneously inoculated into immunodeficient mice to establish PDX models, validated by histology and human-specific gene identification. Eighteen P4-generation PDX mice were randomized into three groups (*n*=6/group): Control: 100 μL/day saline (oral gavage), Cisplatin: 5 mg/Kg/week (intraperitoneal injection), Apatinib: 100 mg/Kg/day (oral gavage). After 21 days of treatment, tumor volume/weight was measured. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assessed microvessel density (MVD, via CD31) and cell proliferation (Ki-67). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey's <i>post hoc</i> test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Apatinib significantly inhibited tumor growth, reducing tumor weight (0.21±0.07 g vs. Control 0.93±0.30 g, P=0.036) and volume (211.32±166.38 mm³ vs. Control 800.98±581.05 mm³, P=0.0002). IHC revealed decreased MVD (0.88±0.07 vs. Control 4.30±0.34, P=0.0192) and Ki-67-positive cells (2.75%±0.28% vs. Control 32.05%±4.34%, P=0.047), indicating suppressed angiogenesis and proliferation. Mouse body weight remained stable, suggesting minimal toxicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings revealed that apatinib significantly suppressed tumor growth in these models, accompanied by a reduction in tumor microvascular density and Ki-67 expression, indicating its potential mechanism of action through inhibiting angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. These findings support its potential as a targeted therapy for tongue cancer and highlight the utility of PDX models for preclinical drug evaluation. Further studies with larger cohorts are warranted to validate these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"51 2","pages":"145-153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12929904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147306117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients with Breast Cancer, Diagnostic Delays and Disease Progression: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Alireza Rezvani, Reza Heydarzadeh, Reza Golchin Vafa, Sina Sohrabizadeh, Mohammad Hossein Rahmani, Vahid Zangouri, Hossein Molavi Vardanjani, Hourshad Zarifkar, Houman Zarifkar, Houyar Zarifkar, Reza Shahriarirad","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105608.3951","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105608.3951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy among women. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted healthcare systems, potentially affecting the management of this disease. Due to the critical importance of early diagnosis and treatment, and the limited data on the pandemic's specific effects, this study aimed to determine the correlation between the COVID-19 pandemic and various breast cancer parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included patients with breast cancer in Shiraz, Iran. Patients were divided into two groups, including those diagnosed before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (from September 2018 to March 2021). Variables included demographic, clinical, and management features. Continuous variables were reported as mean±SD, and the categorical data were reported as frequency and percentage. The significance level was set as P<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study documented 1,435 patients: 811 patients were diagnosed before the pandemic, and 624 patients were diagnosed after. The mean initial tumor size at the time of diagnosis was significantly larger in the post-pandemic group than the pre-pandemic group (2.29±1.44 vs. 2.11±1.39 cm, respectively; P=0.001). The distribution of cancer stages also differed significantly (P=0.001). While the prevalence of stage 1 disease was similar between groups (30.1% vs. 28.9%), the prevalence of stage 2 (14.8% vs. 8.5%) and stage 3 (10.1% vs. 7.0%) was significantly higher in the post-pandemic group (Stage 1: 30.1 vs. 28.9%, Stage 2: 8.5 vs. 14.8%, Stage 3: 7 vs. 10.1%; P=0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Following the COVID-19 pandemic, patients presented with significantly larger breast tumors, increased axillary involvement, and more advanced stages after the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":"60-69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12858447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Adverse Effects of Fenugreek in Humans: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Ehsan Amiri Ardekani, Mohammad Mahdi Parvizi, Roghaye Zare, Maryam Mosaffa Jahromi, Thomas Rampp, Mehdi Pasalar","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.106073.4017","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2025.106073.4017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i>, commonly known as fenugreek, is used both as a spice and a medicinal herb. While numerous studies investigated its therapeutic effects, this scoping review aimed to explore the reported adverse effects associated with fenugreek consumption in humans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of several scientific databases was conducted, including Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed/PMC-MEDLINE, Scopus, and Science Direct, from January 1990 to September 2024. The search utilized keywords such as \"Fenugreek\", \"Adverse Effects\", \"Clinical Trial\", and \"Case Report\", or \"Case Series\". References of retrieved articles were also screened.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review included 60 articles. Of these, 14 clinical trials reported adverse effects, 23 reported none, and 13 did not provide information on adverse effects. Additionally, 10 case reports or case series (reported in eight articles) detailed allergic reactions or hypersensitivity signs and symptoms. The most common adverse effect was mild gastrointestinal discomfort following oral consumption. Other reported effects included hypoglycemia, potential hypokalemia, allergic reactions, a maple syrup odor in the urine, sweat, or skin of infants and mothers, and interactions with certain medications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fenugreek is generally considered safe, with most reported side effects being mild and self-limiting. No fatalities have been attributed to its use. This evidence might be valuable for both the general public and healthcare professionals.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":"4-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12858439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeing Clearly, Worrying Less? Patient Psychology and Radiological Anxiety in the Era of Ultra-Low-Dose CT Imaging.","authors":"Haewon Byeon","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.106843.4114","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2025.106843.4114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p></p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":"77-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12858479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where Science Meets Devotion: The Lifelong Journey of Professor Mohammad-Reza Panjehshahin.","authors":"Ahmad Tavakoli, Behrouz Shademan","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.51469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/ijms.2025.51469","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12858436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Priorities for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome in Iran: A Mixed-Methods Study Combining a Systematic Review and Delphi Consensus Approach.","authors":"Forugh Aleebrahim, Marzieh Mahboobi, Fatemeh Rezaee, Maryam Nasirian","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.104577.3819","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2025.104577.3819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2022, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affected 39 million globally, with Iran experiencing a concentrated epidemic. This study aimed to identify and prioritize critical HIV/AIDS research areas to address existing gaps in the Iranian context.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Researchers at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences employed a three-phase approach between May 2018 and March 2023. The first phase involved developing an HIV research matrix tailored to international guidelines and the Iranian context. In the second phase, a systematic review of HIV-related studies in Iran was conducted following the PRISMA protocol to assess quality and relevance. The third phase utilized a three-round Delphi method to collect expert feedback, which was used to prioritize research areas based on their importance and feasibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A systematic review of 6,310 sources yielded 745 documents for full-text analysis. Key research domains identified included prevention, diagnosis, care and treatment, epidemiology, and co-infections. Quantitative analysis indicated that 23% of studies focused on co-infections, while ethical issues were addressed in only 0.04%. Qualitative assessment revealed that 54% of reviewed studies were of low quality. Subsequent expert consultation and multi-criteria decision analysis ranked laboratory research and co-infections as the highest priorities. Specific sub-areas identified included molecular epidemiology and interventions addressing stigma and discrimination. Despite being highly cost-effective and urgently needed, research on stigma-related interventions exhibited a significant gap.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study identified 11 main research areas and 60 sub-areas as priorities for HIV/AIDS research in Iran, highlighting the need for strategic funding and research planning. Ethical considerations and laboratory improvements are essential for enhancing public health outcomes and addressing emerging challenges in the HIV epidemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":"19-31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12858440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Substance Use among Medical Students in Southern Iran in 2024: A Growing Concern.","authors":"Seyed Ali Mansouri, Alireza Salehi, Masih Sedigh Ardekani, Dorsa Shekouh","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105529.3935","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105529.3935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcohol, smoking, and substance use among medical students are significant health concerns that impact their well-being and their future roles as health advocates. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of these behaviors and related risk factors among medical students in southern Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students in Shiraz, in southern Iran, in 2024. Data were collected using the World Health Organization's alcohol, smoking, and substance involvement screening test (ASSIST), supplemented with questions on demographic details, family and friend substance use, mental health, and major satisfaction. The sample was selected using the stratified random selection method. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with substance use, controlling for potential confounders. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. All analyses were performed using SPSS software (version 26, SPSS Inc., USA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 360 medical students, of whom 51.9% were men, with a mean age of 22.62±3.02 years. The lifetime prevalence was 27.5% for alcoholic beverages, 26.7% for tobacco products, 14.4% for sedatives or sleeping pills, and 15.8% for electronic cigarettes and vapes. Logistic regressions analysis revealed that having a family member who uses substances (OR=1.8, 95% CI: 1.01-3.5), having a friend who uses substances (OR=3.9, 95% CI: 2.0-7.8), being male (OR=1.8, 95% CI: 1.03-3.2), and having a recent history of mental illnesses (OR=2.8, 95% CI: 1.1-7.1) were positively associated with lifetime cigarette use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of alcohol, smoking, and substance use among medical students in southern Iran is concerning. These findings emphasized the significance of targeted interventions to reduce and prevent use within this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":"47-59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12858477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrosternal Burning and Its Endoscopic Associations: Findings from 5,561 Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopies.","authors":"Saleh Azadbakht, Saleheh Azadbakht, Narges Naderi, Morteza Azadbakht, Bardia Amidi","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105856.4012","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2025.105856.4012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Retrosternal burning is often linked to gastroesophageal reflux disease. However, it can also indicate other gastrointestinal disorders. This study aimed to compare and assess upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopic findings in patients with and without retrosternal burning to determine its clinical significance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 5,561 patients who underwent UGI endoscopy in Khorramabad, Iran (2018-2023). Required data, such as demographics, clinical symptoms, and endoscopic diagnoses, including the grade and severity of esophagitis and sliding hiatal hernia, were collected and compared. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the patients, 57.08% were women. The most common indications for endoscopy were dyspepsia and retrosternal burning. Sliding hiatal hernia (49.73%), esophagitis (60.04%), and antral gastropathy (76.53%) were the most frequent endoscopic findings. Grade 2 was the most prevalent type in patients with hernias (74.80%), and among patients with esophagitis, Grade A was predominant (87.36%). Retrosternal burning showed a significant positive association with sliding hiatal hernia, esophagitis, gastric antral gastropathy, and inlet patches (P<0.001). In contrast, the absence of retrosternal burning was associated with gastric ulcers, gastric and esophageal masses (P<0.001), duodenal ulcers (P=0.037), and bulb deformities (P=0.015). A significant association was found between retrosternal burning and the severity of both sliding hiatal hernia and esophagitis (P<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Retrosternal burning was frequently observed in patients with certain UGI structural abnormalities, such as sliding hiatal hernia and esophagitis, suggesting a possible association. Based on the findings of the present study, a more comprehensive diagnostic approach might be warranted for patients presenting with retrosternal burning to evaluate them for potential structural abnormalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":"32-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12858433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}