Irish Journal of Medical Science最新文献

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of microleakage of four restorative materials using confocal laser scanning microscopy: an in vitro study.","authors":"Annapoorna Kini, Kavana M G, Shubhashini N, Nithin Shetty, Venkata Suresh Venkataiah, Mohammad Fareed, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari","doi":"10.1007/s11845-025-03927-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-025-03927-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Understanding the sealing ability of restorative materials to prevent microleakage and its consequent complications-such as secondary caries, postoperative sensitivity, and restoration failure-is imperative in clinical dentistry. This study aims to compare the microleakage performance of four restorative materials-bioactive composite resin (Activa Pronto), alkasite restorative (Cention N), compomer (Dyract Flow), and glass ionomer cement (Type 2 GIC)-in Class V cavities of extracted premolar teeth.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty non-carious, intact premolar teeth were selected and prepared with standardized Class V cavities. The teeth were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 10) and restored with the respective materials. The restorations underwent thermocycling, followed by microleakage testing using rhodamine dye. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), a technique that provides superior depth resolution and three-dimensional visualization of microleakage, was used to assess dye penetration at the tooth-restoration interface. Microleakage was then scored using a standardized grading system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences in microleakage were observed among the groups (χ² = 45.69; p < 0.001). Group 1 (bioactive composite resin) demonstrated the lowest microleakage, with predominantly Grade 0 and Grade 1 scores, while Group 4 (GIC) exhibited the highest microleakage, characterized mainly by Grade 3 scores. Bioactive composite resin exhibited significantly lower microleakage than alkasite, compomer, and GIC (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between alkasite and compomer.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bioactive composite resin (Activa Pronto) provided the most effective seal against microleakage, followed by alkasite and compomer, with glass ionomer cement showing the least effective sealing properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":14507,"journal":{"name":"Irish Journal of Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Age‑related volume decrease in subcortical gray matter is a part of healthy brain aging in men.","authors":"Radmila Peric, Igor Romčević, Milica Mastilović, Ivana Starčević, Jasmina Boban","doi":"10.1007/s11845-025-03925-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11845-025-03925-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14507,"journal":{"name":"Irish Journal of Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of post-traumatic stress disorder among orthopedic trauma patients and its association with personal parameters.","authors":"Fareeha Qamar, Amna Mehboob, Amna Rehman, Ali Afzal, Muhammad Babar Khawar","doi":"10.1007/s11845-025-03914-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-025-03914-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common psychological condition following traumatic events, including physical trauma. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence and demographic correlates of PTSD among orthopedic trauma patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a cross-sectional survey design and assessed 200 orthopedic trauma patients, using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of demographic information and the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version to determine the prevalence of PTSD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the prevalence of PTSD was 39%. Females had a higher incidence rate (63%) than males (26%). Females were 1.16 times more likely to suffer from PTSD following trauma as compared to males, with a statistically significant association found between PTSD and female gender. However, the study found no significant association between PTSD and age. Additionally, a high proportion of PTSD participants had comorbid depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Future studies should further explore the demographic and psychological risk factors associated with PTSD following physical trauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":14507,"journal":{"name":"Irish Journal of Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"John Stearne (1624-1669). Founder of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland and first Professor of Medicine in Trinity College Dublin.","authors":"Joseph Harbison","doi":"10.1007/s11845-025-03921-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-025-03921-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>John Stearne was the first Regius Professor of Medicine in Trinity College Dublin and founded the Fraternity of Physicians of Trinity Hall that later became the Royal College of Physicians in Ireland. He was born in Ardbraccan, County Meath in 1624 and was a great nephew of the Archbishop of Armagh and renowned scholar James Ussher who was his patron. He entered Trinity College in 1639 and was elected Scholar in 1641, before fleeing Dublin at the outbreak of the Confederate Wars later that year. He moved to Cambridge and studied medicine in Sidney Sussex College. After a short period practicing medicine in Bedfordshire, he returned to Trinity in 1651 and was appointed Professor of Medicine and College medicus. He later also became Professor of Hebrew and Professor of Law. He wrote six books and became a Senior Fellow of the College. In 1654, he established the Fraternity of Physicians with some other Dublin physicians in a disused building on Trinity Street. Stearne resigned his Fellowship and Professorship in 1659 but had them restored by 1662 following the Restoration of the King Charles II. The Royal College of Physicians of Ireland received its first royal charter in 1667. Stearne died in 1669 at the age of 44. This paper, written to celebrate the quatercentenary of his birth, discusses Stearne's life and achievements in more detail particularly in the context of the political turmoil of the age and the important role of his extended family in the important events that occurred.</p>","PeriodicalId":14507,"journal":{"name":"Irish Journal of Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between serum C-peptide level and diabetic retinopathy according to estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Jaipal Makina, Moogaambiga S, Rangabashyam S R","doi":"10.1007/s11845-025-03919-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-025-03919-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes and a leading cause of vision loss. The prevalence of DR increases with the duration of diabetes, poor glycemic control, and the presence of other systemic conditions such as hypertension and dyslipidemia. Serum C-peptide is a marker of endogenous insulin production and is commonly used to assess residual beta-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine the relationship between serum C-peptide levels and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes, categorized according to their estimated glomerular filtration rate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in VINAYAKA MISSION'S KIRUPANANDA VARIYAR MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITALS, VINAYAKA MISSION'S RESEARCH FOUNDATION, (DU), in the Department of General Medicine. The study was performed between September 2023 and July 2024. A total of 120 patients who had diabetes mellitus attending the OPD were included in the study. Blood samples were taken to measure serum C-peptide levels, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Serum C-peptide levels were measured using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Also, eGFR was calculated using the CKD-EPI equation based on serum creatinine levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of the participants had more than 10 years of diabetes (51.7%), while 48.3% had less than 10 years of diabetes. The mean HbA1c value was 8.2 ± 1.5, and the mean Serum C-peptide was 2.3 ± 1.1 ng/mL. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among the study participants was 45.0%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum C-peptide levels are significantly correlated with both diabetic retinopathy and kidney function. Lower C-peptide levels (reflecting worse beta-cell function) are associated with a higher risk of retinopathy and worse kidney function.</p>","PeriodicalId":14507,"journal":{"name":"Irish Journal of Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of abdominal aortic calcification score in predicting cardiovascular risk in the general population.","authors":"Yinze Ji, Naqiang Lv, Yingzhen Gu, Xiaorong Han, Aimin Dang","doi":"10.1007/s11845-025-03877-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-025-03877-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is closely related to cardiovascular disease. Although its clinical significances have primarily been investigated in patients with chronic kidney disease, its association with cardio-cerebrovascular mortality in the general middle-aged and elderly population has not been sufficiently investigated.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To study the association of AAC and cardio-cerebrovascular mortality in both the entire general middle-aged and elderly populations and age subgroups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data of participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014 were analyzed. This study included middle-aged and elderly (≥ 40 years old) individuals who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The severity of AAC was assessed by an AAC scoring system (AAC score) with a maximum possible value of 24. Participants were tracked for survival status and major cause of death till 31st December 2019. This study utilized AAC score = 6 as the optimal cut-off according to Harrell's c statistic. Based on AAC scores, participants were trichotomized (0, 0-6, and ≥ 6). Groupwise survival curves and cumulative incidence functions were plotted to reveal the association of AAC and cardio-cerebrovascular mortality. Given results under trichotomization, combination of participants with AAC scores 0 and 0-6 was conducted to reaffirm the association of AAC and adverse prognosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Correlation between increased AAC score and poorer survival, higher cumulative incidence of events was revealed. Cox models identified AAC score ≥ 6 as an independent risk factor of cardio-cerebrovascular mortality (AAC score ≥ 6 vs. AAC score = 0: Hazard ratio: 2.38, P = 0.008) after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors. Results remained significant after regrouping (AAC score ≥ 6 vs. AAC score < 6: Hazard ratio: 2.06, P = 0.016). Subgroup analysis provided no evidence of unparallel change in hazard for the same amount of increase in AAC score among middle-aged (40-65 years old) and elderly (≥ 65 years old) individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AAC score ≥ 6 independently indicate increased risk of cardio-cerebrovascular death and would be effective in risk stratification among the general middle-aged and elderly population in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":14507,"journal":{"name":"Irish Journal of Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Illuminating the path: the role of photodynamic therapy in comprehensive periodontal treatment.","authors":"Zahra Al-Timimi","doi":"10.1007/s11845-025-03924-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-025-03924-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Evaluating photodynamic therapy's efficacy and suitability for treating periodontal disease is the main goal of this review. What are the best conditions for using photodynamic therapy, and how can it improve conventional periodontal treatments?.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search has been conducted to identify peer-reviewed research published up until August 2024. This search utilized reputable databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, ensuring a robust selection of relevant studies. Selected studies were meticulously analyzed to their methodologies, types of photosensitizers employed, light intensity levels applied, as well as the resultant clinical outcomes observed. Additionally, a comparative analysis has been performed between photodynamic therapy and traditional periodontal therapy as documented in numerous clinical studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results show that photodynamic therapy considerably lowers the number of microorganisms present in periodontal pockets, which in turn reduces inflammation and improves healing responses. According to studies, photodynamic therapy is an efficient way to break up the biofilms that of harmful bacteria that cause periodontal disease produce.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Photodynamic therapy is an intriguing alternative treatment option for periodontal disease. Because photodynamic therapy reduces biofilm resistance, improves blood flow, and promotes healing through anti-inflammatory effects, it may yield better clinical results when used in conjunction with conventional periodontal therapies. More research is required to create consistent guidelines for light dosage and photosensitizer selection in order to maximize therapeutic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14507,"journal":{"name":"Irish Journal of Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of acute psychiatric inpatient length of stay in Ireland.","authors":"Aoife Brick, Brendan Walsh, Leonie Hill, Caragh Behan, Antoinette Daly, Sarah Craig","doi":"10.1007/s11845-024-03819-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11845-024-03819-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ireland has had an historic over-reliance on inpatient mental health care accompanied by poorly resourced community provision. There has been an increasing policy focus on provision of mental health care in the community to facilitate diversion from, or shorten stays in, inpatient care. However, little is known about the determinants of psychiatric inpatient length of stay (LOS) to allow for the targeting of community services.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To use a large cross-sectional national dataset to examine the determinants of psychiatric inpatient LOS in the Irish context.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using information on 60,607 discharges from adult acute psychiatric units in Ireland between 2015 and 2019, the study employs both descriptive and regression analysis. Using negative binomial regression models, we control for patient demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical characteristics. In addition, as LOS may be related to provision of non-acute services in the patient area of residence, the analysis also controls for aspects of community service provision.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study finds that longer LOS is associated with older age, being female, and having an involuntary admission. Clinical diagnosis significantly impacts LOS, with diagnoses such as schizophrenia being associated with longer LOS. There is also significant variation in LOS across region of residence, with discharges from some regions staying up to 5 days longer.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The regional variation observed in inpatient LOS supports the assumption that increased provision of community services diverts or reduces the quantum of care required in inpatient settings. However, without substantive improvement in the community data collected and reported, future planning of mental health services, both community and inpatient, will be substantially curtailed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14507,"journal":{"name":"Irish Journal of Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":"211-223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142465541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of norepinephrine in the treatment of septic shock: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Qiu Ying Xu, Yan Hong Jin, Li Fu, Ying Ying Li","doi":"10.1007/s11845-024-03827-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11845-024-03827-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of norepinephrine in the treatment of septic shock.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Literature retrieval of eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on norepinephrine in the treatment of septic shock was performed in three English databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline from database establishment to October 1, 2023. The Cochrane risk bias tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included literature. RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 14 RCTs were included in this study, and the risk of bias was low. Our meta-analysis showed that the norepinephrine group had significantly better outcomes in reducing the 28-day mortality rate (RR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86 ~ 0.99; P = 0.03), the incidence of arrhythmia (RR = 0.54; 95% CI, 0.45 ~ 0.64; P < 0.0001), and the length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU) (MD =  - 1.03; 95% CI, - 1.85 to approximately - 0.21; P = 0.01) than those of the control group. However, there were no statistically significant differences in in-hospital mortality rate (RR = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.90 ~ 1.04; P = 0.4), the 90-day mortality rate (RR = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.97 ~ 1.18; P = 0.15), length of hospital stay (MD = 0.03; 95% CI, - 1.13 ~ 1.18; P = 0.96), and the rate of achieving target MAP (RR = 1.27; 95% CI, 0.72 ~ 2.26; P = 0.41) between the norepinephrine group and the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Norepinephrine has the advantages of improving 28-day mortality, shortening ICU hospitalization time, and reducing the incidence of arrhythmia. It is a more effective choice for the treatment of septic shock than other vasopressors, and the incidence of arrhythmia is low.</p>","PeriodicalId":14507,"journal":{"name":"Irish Journal of Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":"361-369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11861117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142620556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges for neurodiverse children in acute medical hospitals and opportunities for the new National Children's Hospital to be 'neurodiversity-friendly'.","authors":"Laura Bond, Timothy Frawley, Kieran Moore, Blánaid Gavin, Fiona McNicholas","doi":"10.1007/s11845-024-03850-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11845-024-03850-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodiversity refers to the variation in human cognitive, sensory, and communication experiences and reframes deficits as differences. Rates and duration of hospitalisation in neurodiverse children are higher compared to their neurotypical peers. Despite increased admissions, paediatric medical hospitals are poorly equipped to adequately support their unique cognitive, sensory, behavioural, and communication needs, which can have negative impacts on the experiences of patients, families, and staff. The literature supports several innovative and inclusive strategies, which present exciting opportunities for Ireland's new National Children's Hospital (NCH) to become a 'neurodiversity-friendly paediatric hospital'.</p>","PeriodicalId":14507,"journal":{"name":"Irish Journal of Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":"253-261"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142836668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}